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1、
使役動詞 使役動詞
1?使役動詞是表示使、令、讓、幫、叫 等意義的不完全及物動詞,主要有 leave .get. keep.make(使,令),let(讓)help (幫助),have(有;讓;從 事;允許;拿)等。
2?使役動詞后接受詞,再接原形不定詞作受詞補語。
接賓語時,人稱代詞用賓格。
He made me(賓格)laugh.
他使我發(fā)笑。
I let him go.
我讓他走開。
I helped him repair the car.
我?guī)退蘩砥嚒?
Please have him come here.
請叫他到這里來。
3. 使役動詞還可以接過去分詞
2、作受詞補語。
I have my hair cut every month.
我每個月理發(fā)。
4. 使役動詞的被動語態(tài)的受詞補語用 不定詞,不用原形不定詞。
(主)He made me laugh.
他使我笑了。
(被)1 was made to laugh by him.
我被他逗笑了。
使役動詞有以下用法:
a. have somebody do sth讓某人去做某事
I had him arrange for a car.
b. have somebody doing sth.讓某人持續(xù)做某事。
He had us laughing all through lun
3、ch.
注意:用于否定名時,表示“允許”
i won't have you running around in the house.
我不允許你在家里到處亂跑。
小議“使役動詞”的用法
1. have sb do讓某人干某事
e.g:Wha t would you have me do?
have sb/sth doing讓某人或某事處于某種狀態(tài),聽任
e.g: I won't have women working in our company.
The two cheats had the light burning all night long.
have sth
4、done讓別人干某事,遭受到
e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out.
He had his pocket picked.
notes: "done"這個動作不是主語發(fā)出來的。
2. make sb do sth讓某人干某事
e.g:They made me repea t the sto ry.
What makes the grass grow?
notes: I was made to repeat the story.
make sb/sth done/adj?/n
e.g. The news made him hap
5、py.
He couldn 't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.
His actions made him universally respected.
He made her his wife.
3. get sb to do使某人干某事
e.g: I can't get anyone to do the work properly. get sth done讓別人干某事
e.g: I mus t get my hair cut.
Can you get the work finished in ti me?
6、
4.leave sb to do sth 讓某人干某事
e.g: We lef t him to paint the gate.
I'll leave you to settle all the business.
leave sb 繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)
e.g: Don't leave her waiting out side in the rain. We left him painting the gate.
leave sth done/adj./prep.phrase
e.g:Please excuse me if I have left any of your ques
7、tions unanswered . His illness has left him weak.
I was left with a ray of hope.
使役性動詞(Causative Verb )
1. make /have/ let +sb +do sth.
2. get/set/leave + sb to do/doing sth.
不完全及物動詞
不完全及物動詞
1. 不完全及物動詞是除要有受詞外,還需要受詞補語以補足其意義的及 物動詞。
【參見與格動詞,完全及物動詞】
2. 由不完全及物動詞構(gòu)成的句型一般為:主詞+不完全及物動詞+受詞+ 受詞補語。
H
8、is mother named him Tommy.
他母親叫他湯米。
Tommy是受詞補語,若沒有這個字,這句話的意思就不完整,因此named 是不完全及物動詞。
不完全不及物動詞其實就是聯(lián)系動詞,雖有意義,但不完全,需要加名詞、 形容詞、代名詞等作主詞補語以 補足其意義。
聯(lián)系動詞按其含義可以分為二類。
類型1:表示狀態(tài)和狀態(tài)的持續(xù),如:
be(是),seem(似乎),look(看起來),appear(似乎),feel(覺得),sound(聽起 來),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起 來),keep(保持),remain(保持),stand(站立), lie(躺),sta
9、y(停留)等。
類型2:表示從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài),如:
become(變成),go(變得),get(變得),turn(變成),grow(變成),fall(變成某 種狀態(tài)),come(成為),run(變成)等。
值得注意的是:
聯(lián)系動詞沒有被動式。
及物動詞和不及物動詞的用法比較
1) 及物動詞 后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實義動詞,叫做及物動詞 (transitive verb)。如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion. 我相信委員會將
會考慮我們的建議。
“How long can I k
10、eep the book ?”Harry asked. 哈里問:“這本書我可以借
多久?”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好榜樣。 Crude oil contains many useful substances. 原油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。
2) 不及物動詞本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語的實義動詞,叫做不及物 動詞(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds fly.鳥會飛。
It happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三;年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She
11、 spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的會上發(fā)了 言。
3) 兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞英語里有不少實義動詞可以兼作及物動 詞和不及物動詞。這樣的動詞又有兩種不同的情況:
a)兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時,意義不變。試比較:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開始嗎?(begin作不及物動詞)
She began working as a librarian after she left school. 她畢業(yè)后當圖書館
管理員。(began作及物動詞)
When did they leave Chicago?
12、他們是什么時候離開芝加哥的? (leave作
及物動詞)
They left last week.他們是上周離開的。(left作不及物動詞) b)兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時,有時意義不盡相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎?
4)與漢語的比較 有時英語動詞的及物和不及物的用法,與漢語的用法 不一樣,請注意下列兩種情況:
a) 有的動詞在英語里只能用作不及物動詞,而漢語則可用作及物動詞, 如arrive到達,agree同意,listen聽。英語里這些動詞后面常接介詞。如
13、:
We arrived at the railway station at noon. 我們于中午到達火車站。(at 不
能省去)(比較: We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest. 每個人都很有興趣地
聽講課。(to 不可省去)(比較:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個計劃嗎?(to不可省去)
b) 有的動詞在英語里能用作及物動詞,而在漢語里則不能用
14、作及物動 詞,如serve為…服務(wù)。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly. 我們的兒童被
教以全心全意為人民服務(wù)
(-)have使,讓,不用于被動語態(tài)
q .have +賓語+done
(1) 叫、讓、請,致使別人做某事,動作的執(zhí)行者不是主語也不是賓語而是別人。(強 調(diào)主觀的意志,即主語的意志致使某事發(fā)生或被做到)
— I'll have my bike repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要請人修自行車。 —I have my hair cut every mon th.我每
15、個月都理發(fā)。
表示主觀意志的have也可以用get代替,例如:
—Where can I get (have) this printed?我在哪里能(找人)把這份東西打印出 來呢?
(2) 遭遇不幸事件(與主觀意志完全無關(guān))
— He had his walle t st olen at the stat ion.他的錢包在火車站不幸遭竊。
—He has his leg broken in a fall.他的腿摔斷了。
2. have +賓語+do 讓 做某事,動作執(zhí)行者為賓語
—He had her go there.他讓她去那兒。
— I have my childr
16、en clean the house before you a r r i ve .在你們來之前,我 讓孩子們把屋子打掃干凈了。
這個結(jié)構(gòu)中have有時也可以用get代替,但這時后面的動詞不定式需帶to,例如:
—I got him to write a letter to my boss.我要他寫一封信給我的雇主。
3. have +賓語+adj.(形容詞)/adv.(副詞)/prep.(介詞)促使某一動作發(fā)生,或使 役動作產(chǎn)生的變化結(jié)果或狀態(tài)。
—Please have your money ready.請準備好錢。
4. have +賓語+doing 讓 持續(xù)做某事,或處于某種
17、狀態(tài)。動作執(zhí)行者為句子賓語,
但動詞必須為持續(xù)性動詞,后面常接時間段。
— He had her st anding in the rain for two hours.他 讓她在雨中站了兩個小時。
或表示動作執(zhí)行者打算做的事或預期的目標。
—We' ll soon have your car going again.很快我們就會讓你的車從新啟動起來 的。
還可以表示不愿引起某種后果
—Don't shout ! you'll have the neighbours complaining.別大聲嚷!你會遭四 鄰抱怨的。
注意:用于否定句時,表示“允許”
—I won' t h
18、ave you smoking in the sitting room.我不允許你在起居室扌由煙。
(二)make使 (有輕微強迫之意)
1. make +賓語+do迫使某人做某事,被動語態(tài)為be made to do
— The boy made the girl cry. 男孩把女孩惹哭了。
—The girl was made to cry by the boy.女孩被男孩惹哭了。(被動)
2. make+賓語+adj./adv./prep.使 處于某種狀態(tài),使變得
— His illness made him very weak. 他的病使他很虛弱。
— This bo
19、ring soap opera made me sleepy. 這無聊的肥皂劇讓我想睡覺。
— The story made him feeling sad. 這個故事使他很難受。
— The bad weather made me staying at home yesterday. 昨天,壞天氣是我一天 都呆在家里。
4. make +賓語+done使 處于某種狀態(tài),強調(diào)動作的被動性
— Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 請講大聲一點以便讓別人聽到你。
— The heavy bag made the chair broken
20、. 這個重重的包把椅子壓壞了。
5. make +賓語+n.使 成為
— We made him the leader of the team. 我們讓他當我們的隊長。
— She made her diary her best friend. 她把日記當做她最好的朋友。
(三) leave讓,使,帶走 既可用于主動語態(tài)也可用于被動語態(tài)
l.leave +賓語+to do sth.讓某人做某事,強調(diào)未來動作
—Leave him to do it himself.讓他自個兒去做這件事吧。
2.1eave +賓語+doing讓某人做某事,或繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài),強調(diào)當時正在發(fā)生的動作
21、
— What he said left me thinking deeply. 他的話使我陷入了沉思。
— Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain. 外面下雨,別讓她在外面等 了。
3.1eave +賓語+done使 處于某種被動狀態(tài),強調(diào)動作的被動性
—We can' t leave such an important matterunfinished. 我們不能讓這 樣一件重要的事半途而廢。
4.leave賓語+adj./adv./prep.使 處于某一特定狀態(tài)
— Who left the door open? 誰讓門開著?
22、
— Don't leave the door unlocked. 別忘了鎖門。
(四) get使,讓
1. get +賓語+to do讓 做某事,強調(diào)未來性動作
—He got his brother to help him.他讓他的兄弟幫助他。
2. ge t +賓語+done讓 被做,強調(diào)被動性動作
—He got the car st ar ted.他發(fā)動了小汽車。
3. get +賓語+doing讓 做某事,強調(diào)正在進行的動作,或表示動作執(zhí)行者打算做的事
或預期的目標。
— She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行車騎得飛快。
23、
表示動作執(zhí)行者打算做的事或預期的目標
—If you can get him talking , your problem is solved. 如果你能讓他開口, 你的問題就解決了。
4. get+賓語+adj./adv./prep.使 發(fā)生
—Please get your tickets ready.請準備好票。
(五) let使,讓
1.le t +賓語+do讓 做,較少用于被動語態(tài)
—Let's go there, shall we? 讓我們?nèi)ツ抢?,好嗎?
2.1et+賓語+adv./prep.讓 ,多表示方向
—Don' t let the dog out of
24、the room.他把狗放出了房間。 —Please let me in.請讓我進去。
(六) keep使,讓,保持
1. keep +賓語+doing使某人處于做某事的狀態(tài)中,強調(diào)動作延續(xù)一段時間
—I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 對不起,讓您久等 了。
2. keep +賓語+adj./adv./prep.使 處于特定狀態(tài)
—Please keep the classroom clean.請保持教室干凈。
3. keep +賓語+done使 處于被動狀態(tài)
—I can't keep my eyes shut to all this. 對于這一切我不能熟視無睹。