高二英語備課《Module 1 Life in the Future》詞匯詳解 教學(xué)素材 外研版必修4

111知識感悟一、詞匯詳解1.attend vt.參加；出席；管理；照管vi.專心；留意【典型例句】Well attend to that problem later.稍后我們將關(guān)注那個問題。Could you attend to this matter immediately?你能不能立刻處理這件事？He attended a meeting yesterday.他昨日參加了會議。She attended to the wounded day and night.她日夜護理傷員?！局R小結(jié)】 attend to sb./sth.（to deal with sth. or help sb.）關(guān)照(某人、某事)；處理；注意【相關(guān)鏈接】 attend church 上教堂；attend school 上學(xué)。2.used to/be used to doing/be used to do【典型例句】 The river used to be clean.這條河過去很干凈。He is used to working hard.他習(xí)慣于努力地工作。I have been used to rice (eating rice).我已習(xí)慣了吃米飯?！局R小結(jié)】 be used to sth./doing sth. 習(xí)慣(做)某事used to do sth. 過去常做某事be used for sth. 被當(dāng)作之用【相關(guān)鏈接】 used to與 would的區(qū)別:used to表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作,現(xiàn)在已不如此了,would則表示過去和現(xiàn)在均可能有的習(xí)慣性動作。兩者意思基本相同,但used to較為口語化，不常與表示時間的副詞短語或從句連用,而would則需要。例如:He used to get up early.他過去起床很早(現(xiàn)在起床不早了)。He would get up late when he was young,but now he is used to getting up early.他年輕時習(xí)慣于晚起床,現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于早起床。3.average n.平均數(shù)adj.平均的vi. vt.平均;平均達到【典型例句】 Do you know how to work out an average?你知道如何計算平均數(shù)嗎？The average age of the teachers in our office is 35.我們辦公室老師的平均年齡是35歲。The workers average income in this factory is about 800 yuana month.這家工廠的工人每月的平均收入大約是800元?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】 on average 平均；平均而言He can type 80 words per minute on average.他平均每分鐘打80個字。with an average of 平均為4.hit vt.vi.擊；擊中;撞擊;(主意、念頭等)突現(xiàn)n. 打；擊；命中【典型例句】The bullet hit the police officer in the shoulder.子彈射中了警官的肩膀。Just after his wounded body hit the ground a shell exploded only a few meters away.他受傷的身子剛剛著地，一顆炮彈就在幾米遠的地方炸開了。The idea hit me when I woke up this morning.我今天早晨醒來時突然想到了這個主意。Strike waves hit several Western European countries.罷工的浪潮襲擊了好幾個西歐國家。The helicopter had taken eight hits,but somehow managed to land.直升機雖然被擊中了8次，但還是安然著陸了。【知識小結(jié)】 (1)表示“打擊；擊中”，如果強調(diào)“擊中某人某個部位”可以用“hit sb.in/on the+部位”。(2)作名詞表示“打；擊；命中”，是可數(shù)名詞?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】 beat/hit/strike/knock辨析：(1)beat著重連續(xù)性地打，如毆打或體罰，也指在游戲競賽或戰(zhàn)爭中擊敗對方，與win，defeat同義。(2)hit作“擊中”或“打”解，并帶有瞄準(zhǔn)某物而擊中之意，強調(diào)打一下，而且是直接接觸某物。(3)strike作“敲打；撞擊”解，表示一次或多次有力地打一下，強調(diào)迅速性、突然性。(4)knock“撞倒；重敲”，knock on/at the door敲門；knock into sb.撞傷某人。5.defend vt.防護；辯護；防衛(wèi)【典型例句】 She had to defend herself against the guard dog.她不得不防備看門狗咬她。The accused man had a lawyer to defend him.被告有一律師為他辯護。Hes better at defending than attacking.他的防守優(yōu)于進攻?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】 (1)defense=defence n.防衛(wèi)；防衛(wèi)設(shè)備;辯護(2)defensive adj.防御用的；自衛(wèi)的(3)defend against 保衛(wèi);抵抗(4)defend from保護;保衛(wèi)(使不受傷害)(5)defend/guard/protect的區(qū)別：defend 表示用某種方法或武力來保護免受某種實際存在的威脅或攻擊,其保護的對象可以是具體的,也可以是抽象的。guard表示為了防御實際存在的或潛在的危險而進行格外小心謹(jǐn)慎、提高警惕的保衛(wèi)。例如：The man should raise two snakes to guard the house.這個人竟然養(yǎng)了兩條蛇來看家護院。protect側(cè)重表示提供某種掩蔽物或各種防護手段。三者都可與介詞 against,from搭配。例如：He raised his arm to protect his face.他舉起手臂護住臉部。6.value n.&v.用途；價值；估價；珍視【典型例句】 I think there is something of great value in the book.我認為在書中有一些很有價值的東西。We valued the horse at 3000 dollars at least.我們估計這匹馬至少值3000美元。Everyone should value true friendship.每個人都應(yīng)當(dāng)珍重真正的友誼?！局R歸納】 be of value=valuable 有價值的【相關(guān)鏈接】 different values不同的價值觀value the staff評價員工value our childhood珍惜我們的童年時代7.doubt v.&n.懷疑；不相信【典型例句】 I dont doubt that he is telling the truth.我毫不懷疑他在講真話。I doubt that she will get the job.我不相信她會得到那個工作。There is no doubt that they will ask you for help.毫無疑問,他們會請你幫忙的。She had her doubts whether the new book would sell well.她懷疑新書是否會暢銷?！局R歸納】 (1)用于否定句或疑問句,后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。(2)用于肯定句,一般接whether 或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。(3)用于肯定句,后接that從句,表示“不相信”,疑慮很大，相當(dāng)于dont believe/think。(4)否定句中doubt多接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。(5)肯定句中doubt多接whether(一般不用if代替)引導(dǎo)的同位語從句?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】 doubt和wonder辨析：(1)doubt指對其后所述的事實表示“懷疑、不相信”，后面可接名詞或代詞作其賓語；也可接賓語從句。接從句時，其肯定句一般接whether或if引導(dǎo)的從句；否定句和疑問句一般接that引導(dǎo)的從句。例如：I doubt if he will come.我擔(dān)心他是否會來。Do you doubt that he will come?你懷疑他會來嗎？I dont doubt that it will rain today.我相信今天會下雨。(2)wonder表達“感到奇怪”時，其后接that從句、不定式等；當(dāng)表達“想知道”時，其后接if或whether或why,when,where 等詞引導(dǎo)的從句。例如：Can you wonder that she speaks French so well?她法語講得這么好，你覺得奇怪嗎？I wonder whether he has come.我想知道他來了沒有。8.deserve vt.值得；該受到【典型例句】 I think youre playing with fire.You deserve it!你是玩火自焚，真是自作自受!That goodhearted girl married her “prince” finally.She deserved it.那個好心女孩終于嫁給了她的心上人。她是有好報。Youre very able.You deserve a better job.你很有能力，你應(yīng)該找到更好的工作才是!【相關(guān)鏈接】 deserve to be done 應(yīng)當(dāng)被He deserved to be punished. 他應(yīng)當(dāng)受到懲罰。9.instantly adv.立即地；立刻地【典型例句】 Though he slept soundly,he awoke instantly.盡管他睡得很沉，但他一下子就醒了。She began reading instantly she arrived there.她一到那里就開始讀書。【知識歸納】 instantly adv.相當(dāng)于at once，意為“立刻，馬上”；conj.相當(dāng)于as soon as，意為“一就”。10.confirm v.確定；批準(zhǔn)；證實；使堅定【典型例句】 The news confirmed my resolution.這消息加強了我的決心。He looked around to confirm that he was alone.他四處張望，要確定周圍沒人。This latest information confirms him in the belief that we will surely win.這一最新消息使他堅信我們一定會勝利。【相關(guān)鏈接】 confirmation n.證實；確定；確認11.abrupt adj.意外的；突然的；出其不意的【典型例句】 The meeting came to an abrupt end.會議突然結(jié)束了。come to an abrupt stop 突然停止【相關(guān)鏈接】 同義詞:sharp adj.&adv.;sudden adj.The road turns sharp to the right.路突然向右轉(zhuǎn)個彎。There was a sudden storm,and we all got wet.天突然下起暴雨，我們都淋濕了。12.possession n.所有物；財產(chǎn)(可數(shù)，多用復(fù)數(shù))；擁有；占有(不可數(shù))【經(jīng)典例句】 The rare stamp is in the possession of an unknown collector.那枚珍奇郵票現(xiàn)在為一不知名的收藏家所有。Ive had possession of this house for 7 years. 我擁有這房子已經(jīng)七年了。He lost all his possessions in the fire.在那場火中他失去全部財產(chǎn)。He is in lawful possession of a short gun.他合法地擁有一只短槍。They took possession of the island in 16th century.16世紀(jì)，他們占領(lǐng)了這個島嶼?！局R歸納】 be in possession of 擁有be in the possession of 為所有take/get/gain possession of 占有，占領(lǐng)13.adequate adj.充足的;充分的;勝任的【經(jīng)典例句】 Their earnings are adequate to their needs.他們掙的錢夠用了。He is adequate to the job.他能勝任這個職務(wù)?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】 enough與adequate辨析：enough 為常用詞,它除表示“足以滿足需要的”外,還含有“數(shù)量很多使人感到心滿意足的”的意思。例如:We have enough money to spend.我們有足夠的錢花。adequate 指“足夠符合特定(有時可指最低)的資格、分量、才能等”，著重“符合一個客觀要求或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的”。14.absorb vt.吸收；吸引注意力；接受；使(精神)貫注【經(jīng)典例句】 A sponge absorbs water.海綿吸水。The heat is absorbed by the water.熱量被水吸收了。His task absorbs him.他的工作占了他全部精神。He absorbed the point of view of his teacher.他接受了老師的觀點。【相關(guān)鏈接】 be absorbed by 被吞并；為所吸收 be absorbed in 一心從事；熱衷于；全神貫注在absorb sb.s attention 吸引某人注意二、句型剖析There is no doubt that.毫無疑問【典型例句】 There is no doubt that he is an excellent student.毫無疑問，他是一名優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】 without doubt(=undoubtedly)無可置疑地;in doubt 對表示疑惑三、語法解讀構(gòu)詞法(一)轉(zhuǎn)化英語的實詞不但多義，而且同一詞也可以有不同詞性。此外，還可以從一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化到另一種詞性，我們稱之為轉(zhuǎn)化法。主要有如下幾種：1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞smoke,wash,rest,taste,call,study,guess,drive等。2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞The hall can seat 2000 people.I have never thought they have booked their plane tickets.3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞The train slowed down to half its speed.The skill can be perfected by constant practice.We should try our best to better living conditions.4.形容詞或副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞The strong should help the weak in some ways.Richard looked like a silly in such a situation.The secretary knows the ins and outs of the accident.Though Mr.Smith is very rich,yet his life is marked by ups and downs.5.分詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞the woundedthe disabled(二)派生法在一個詞的詞根(root)的前面或后面加上某個詞綴來構(gòu)成新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法稱為派生法(derivation)。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴(prefix)，加在后面的詞綴叫后綴(suffix)。詞根前加前綴多數(shù)不改變詞性，只引起詞義的變化。如：En-可以同名詞或形容詞endanger,enlarge構(gòu)成動詞；許多名詞、形容詞、副詞和動詞是由詞根加后綴構(gòu)成的。1.前綴：(1)表示相反意義的前綴有：un-,dis-,in-,im-,over-,de-(2)表示其他意思的前綴有：re-,mis-,ex-,fore-,self-,pre-2.后綴：(1)構(gòu)成名詞的常用后綴有：-er,-or,-ist,-ance,-(a)tion,-sion(2)構(gòu)成形容詞的常用后綴有：-able,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous注意：構(gòu)成副詞和動詞的后綴還有：-ly,-wise;-ise/-ize,-ify,-en等活學(xué)巧用翻譯(1)He decided to attend the meeting in person._(2)他的祖父堅持他該上法律學(xué)校。_(3Dr.Smith attended her in hospital._ (4)He offered to go out and attend to these matters._答案：(1)他決定親自出席這次會議。(2)His grandfather insisted that he attend a law school.(3)史密斯醫(yī)生在醫(yī)院中給她治病。(4)他提出出去處理這些事情。選擇(1)Anna_be a heavy smoker,which damaged her health badly.A.wouldB.used to C.had toD.managed to提示：used to be a heavy smoker曾經(jīng)是一個煙癮很大的人。答案：B(2)Once you _getting up early and taking exercise,youll become strong.A.are used to B.used to C.insistD.addict提示：be used to sth./doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事。答案：A (3)He used to_,but now he has given up.A.smokingB.smokeC.be smokedD.be smoking提示：句意為“他過去常常吸煙，但是現(xiàn)在他已經(jīng)戒掉”。used to do sth. 過去常做某事。答案：B翻譯(1)What is the average temperature in January in this country?_ (2)我平均一天收到20封電子郵件。_（3）他每場平均得分30分。_答案：(1)這個國家一月份的平均氣溫是多少？(2)I receive 20 e-mails a day on average.(3)He got 30 points with an average of per game.選擇(1)The ship_a rock and slowly it began to go down.A.hit B.knocked C.beat D.broke提示：hit a rock意思是“撞到一塊巖石上了”。hit有“擊，撞”的意思。答案：A (2)The clock _twelve and I realized it was late.A.hit B.rang C.struck D.beat 提示：鐘表敲了幾下應(yīng)該用動詞strike。答案：C(3)Tom was so angry with Bob that he hit _.A.Bob in the head B.Bobs head C.Bob on the head D.on Bobs head提示：hit sb.on the head意思是“打在某人頭上”。打在某人頭部要用介詞on,臉上用in。答案：C (4)Quite a few people used to believe that a disaster if a mirror was broken.A.was sure of striking B.was sure of having stuckC.was sure to be struckD.was sure to strike提示：動詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生的事，在“be+sure+to do sth.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，disaster與strike是主謂關(guān)系，不用被動式。答案：D選詞填空defend/guard/protect(1)Every nation keeps their own army with the purpose of _their country.(2)The President is always_by secret service men.(3)They are not_some animals well enough.(4)Do you know why wild animals should be_ ?(5)The union said that they would take action to _their members jobs.(6)The gate is_by soldiers;you cant go without a pass.答案：(1)defending(2)guarded(3)protecting(4)protected(5)defend(6)guarded填空用括號內(nèi)的單詞的正確形式填空(1)The different people in different countries always have different_ (value).(2)Im sure my information is quite_ (value).(3)I think the product is of little _ (value),so I dont want to buy it.(4)Here your way of life is _ (value)by all.答案：(1)values(2)valuable(3)value(4)valued選擇 (1)Brad was Janes brother!_he reminded me so much of Jane.A.No doubt B.Above all C.No wonder D.Of course提示：句意為“Brad是Jane的哥哥!”“怪不得他讓我想起了那么多有關(guān)Jane的事!”。no wonder表示“怪不得，毫不奇怪”。答案：C(2)What _!Theyve finished more than 30% of the task within one week.A.doubt B.a wonder C.wonder D.doubt提示：wonder作“奇跡”講時是可數(shù)名詞。答案：B (3)Excuse me,sir.Would you do me a favor?Of course.What is it?I_if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A.had wondered B.was wonderingC.would wonderD.did wonder提示：既然“of course”已經(jīng)表明第二個說話人愿意幫忙,所以應(yīng)用“was wondering”表示第一個說話人在詢問前心里在盤算別人是否會幫忙.答案：B(4) _ is no doubt that he will pass the exam.A.There B.ItC.This D.That提示：There is no doubt about sth./There is no doubt that都為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“對毫不懷疑”。答案：A翻譯(1)他得到這一切應(yīng)是受之無愧。_ (2)他們應(yīng)該入獄。_答案：(1)He richly deserved all that happened to him.(2)They deserved to be sent to prison.選擇 They set out _the heavy rain stopped.A.at onceB.instant C.instanceD.as soon as提示：as soon as=instantly一就答案：D選擇 Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to_a scientific theory.A.confirmB.confineC.conformD.conceive提示：confirm“證實”，根據(jù)句意選A項；confine限制;conform遵守；conceive想出。答案：A完成句子 (1)The _ _of the schedule gave me lots of trouble.(突然改變行程給我造成許多麻煩。)(2)That young man has an_ .(那個年輕人態(tài)度很無禮。)(1)abrupt change(2)abrupt manner選擇 (1)Will the company be in the_of Mr.Mark when his uncle dies?A.mind B.possessionC.managementD.possess提示：be in the possession of 為所有。答案：B完成句子 (2)You cant_ (占有)the house until all the papers have been signed.(3)I m sorry to say that your car is now _ (被占有)him.(4)All his personal_of his nephew.(他所有個人財產(chǎn)都被他侄子占有了。)答案：(2)take possession of(3)in the possession of(4)possessions are in the possession完成句子 (1)I want a salary_ _support my family.(我要一份足夠養(yǎng)家的薪水。)(2)Thats not an_explanation.(這并不足以說明問題。)答案：(1)adequate to(2)adequate選擇 Once one is _to Cocaine cigarette, its not easy for him to kick it off.A.attractedB.absorbedC.devotedD.addicted提示：attract“吸引（某人）”,在此句中不合題意,搭配也不對;be absorbed 后接介詞in,意為“集中注意力于”;be devoted to指“獻身于”，be addicted to “對上癮”。答案：D選擇 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_a cure for AIDS will be found.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether提示：there is no doubt that.毫無疑問答案：B猜測詞性詞義(1)The boy stood close to me when he talked to me._(2)My teacher asked me to close the door when I came in._(3)You are my close friend and you can help me when I have difficulty._(4)There is a lot of smoke in the room._(5)The river is twenty meters wide._答案：(1)adv.靠近地(2)v. 關(guān)門(3)adj. 親密的(4)n.煙(5)adv. 寬猜測詞義(6)Society has the right to see the law-breakers punished._(7)Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo(冰屋)._(8)The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business in order to get better._(9)From the Congo in West Africa to Rwanda and Uganda further east,they are endangered by hunting and the cutting down of forests._(10)There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying faster than others,and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese._答案：(6)違法者(7)灼熱的(8)重新思考(9)面臨威脅(10)流行；不安的課文濃縮 下面的文章為課文原文的濃縮,仔細閱讀,根據(jù)原文章內(nèi)容將其補充完整,并盡量背誦。.Michael JordanHead and Shoulders Above the RestMichel Jordan was probably the_athlete in the world.He was the_scorer in the NBA,and played for Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1993. _his famous number 23 shirt,he became the most _basketball player.He was born in New York and grew up in North Carolina.He finished his first season as one of the topscorers in the league, _an_of 28.2 points per game.He was the top scorer in the NBA for seven_seasons.He also played in the dream team.He _the Chicago Bulls and won three more championships from 1996 to 1998. _the basketball court,he opened his own steak restaurant.Wilt the Stiltthe Tower of PowerChamberlain was born in Philadelphia on 21th August 1936.As a child,he had _health problems.He was the only NBA player who_over 50 points per game for an _season.During14 seasons with four_teams,he was named the most_player in the league four times.He ended his career after five_seasons with Los Angeles Lakers.There is no_that he deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”.答案：.best-known;top;Wearing;successful;with;average;consecutive;rejoined;Off.various;averaged;entire;different;valued;amazing;doubt111