2016高考英語二輪復習 人生百味類 閱讀理解練習（4）

人生百味類閱讀理解（4）2016高考英語閱讀理解-人生百味類 Honesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often leaves us when no one is watching, British psychologists reported last week. Researchers at UKs Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology departments coffee room. They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the price for drinks. People helping themselves to a cup of tea were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby. The scientists hung a poster above the money box, and changed each week between pictures of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2.76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung. “We were shocked by the size of the effect,” said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers. Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual (知覺的) signal for humans, scientists say. “Even though the eyes were not real, they still seemed to make people behave more honestly,” said Melissa Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study. Researchers believe the effect throws light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social groups to work, individuals had to co-operate, rather than act selfishly. “Theres an argument that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when were being watched we should behave better. So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us,” Bateson said. The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to, Bateson said. The finding could be put to practical use. For example, images of eyes could ensure ticket sales on public transport and improve surveillance(監(jiān)視) systems to deter anti-social behavior.【小題1】In the experiment, a poster was hung above the money box to _ Agive a harmonious atmosphereBremind people the drinks were not freeCprove the actual effect of different picturesDsee how honest people are in different situations【小題2】From the result of the experiment, we can conclude that _ Apeople might pay more for the drinks at the image of gazing eyesBpeople may be dishonest when no one is watching themCno one would pay for the drink unless they are told toDjust a image of flowers is not enough to remind people to pay for a drink【小題3】What is the best title for the passage? AYou're being watched!BPay for your drink, please!CMind your behavior in public!DLook out for electronic surveillance equipment!【小題4】Which of the following English proverbs can be best used at the beginning of the passage? AOnce a thief, always a thiefBLies have short legsCHonest is the best policyDAn honest look covers many faults 2016高考英語閱讀理解-人生百味類A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love (早戀) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression. The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all. The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “l(fā)oss of self”. According to the study, even though boys would say “l(fā)ose themselves in a romantic relationship”, this “l(fā)oss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They wont tell that to their parents. Dr Marian Kaufman, an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family. Parents should watch for signs of depression - eating or mood changes - and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young, but only maturity (成熟) gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.【小題1】 Which of the following is more likely to have depression? AYoung people who have a strong sense of selfishness.BYoung girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.CYoung boys whose parents watch for their behavior.DCareless parents whose children are deep in love.【小題2】What can be inferred from the passage? AThe older a woman is，the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.BLacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.CEarly love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.DParents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression.【小題3】 Whats the authors attitude towards puppy love? AConfusedBDisinterestedCScaredDDisapproving【小題4】Whats the main idea of the passage? APuppy love may bring young people depression.BParents should forbid their childrens love.CRomance is a two edged sword for adults.DRomance is good for young people. 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。(2013·沈陽市二模，B)A recent research shows that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at the age of 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or worked fullor parttime while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their family, friends and so on.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients.The “l(fā)ong sleepers” were quite different indeed. The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”文章大意：本文是一篇研究報告。報告中對“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人進行了對比分析，研究出了他們睡眠時間不同的原因，及其在夢境回憶、性格特點等方面的差異。1According to the report, _.Amany “short sleepers” needed less sleep before they were teenagersBmany “short sleepers” were forced to reduce their nightly sleep timeCmany “l(fā)ong sleepers” were quite concerned when they slept 9 hoursDmany “l(fā)ong sleepers” had kept their sleeping habits since childhood答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.”可知，答案D符合文義。2Many “short sleepers” were likely to hold the view that _.Asleep could make people appear active and cheerfulBsleep was the least important on their daily routinesCthey were acceptable to all their friends and familyDthey were less extreme than many mental patients答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.”可推知，他們將睡眠看成日常生活的障礙，故答案B符合文義。3It can be concluded from the third paragraph that _.A“short sleepers” dealt with the psychological trouble themselvesB“short sleepers” were unwilling to face psychological problemsC“short sleepers” shortened the sleeping time because of pressuresD“short sleepers” would rather remember than forget their dreams答案：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed.”可推知，答案B符合文義。4What is the purpose of writing this passage?ATo introduce the result of a recent research.BTo advise people to sleep for a longer time.CTo show the disadvantages of short sleeping.DTo explain the advantages of long sleeping.答案：A寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段的開篇點題和對文章的整體理解可知，本文是一篇研究報告，寫作的主要目的是：介紹研究的成果，故答案A符合文義。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。(2013·哈爾濱市質檢，B)Bursting into the classroom from recess (課間休息), 15 children take their seats and face the woman they know as Ms. Yang.“What day is it today？” she asks, in Mandarin Chinese (普通話)“Confucius' birthday！” the fifth graders shout in Mandarin.“Why do we celebrate Confucius' birthday？”“Because he's the greatest teacher in the history of China！” exclaims a brownhaired girl. She is speaking Mandarin.English is rarely heard in Lisa Yang's class at the Chinese American International School (CAIS), despite the fact that few students are native speakers of Mandarin.The United States is actively trying to increase the group of students in “critical languages” such as Mandarin. The students at CAIS are way ahead in such a trend.Founded 25 years ago, this small private school in San Francisco, USA, does what few other American schools do: It produces fully fluent speakers of Mandarin Chinese, by far the most commonly spoken language in the world.Mandarin Chinese is suddenly hot in American schools. As China becomes the world's leading economy sometimes this century, schools in the U. S. are scrambling to add Mandarin to their list of foreign languages or expand Chinese programs already in place.“It really is almost unprecedented (無前例的). People are looking at China as a force to be reckoned with. And to ensure that the U. S. has the ability to conduct trade, and to work with the Chinese, certainly having an understanding of Chinese language and culture is an advantage，” said Marty Abbott of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages(ACTFL)To develop Chineselanguage programs has not been smooth. A shortage of trained teachers has made it difficult for some schools to join the race. When schools do get teachers, they often hire them straight from China, and the teachers usually suffer culture shock when they come to the U. S.Robert Liu remembers his first two years in an American classroom. It was not an easy adjustment. “In China, students respect their teachers，” he said. Liu found that American students, however, expect an active teaching style. He had to use games to engage them rather than lectures.To avoid many of the problems with foreign teaching styles, the CAIS has been working with the Chinese government to improve training of teachers who are sent to the U. S.文章大意：本文為一篇說明文。隨著中國經(jīng)濟地位的增長，美國的很多學校掀起了學習漢語的熱潮。5Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AUnderstanding Chinese language and culture is helpful to work with Chinese.BChineselanguage programs have met trouble during the development.CMany other American schools do the same as CAIS, founded 25 years ago.DA lack of trained Mandarin Chinese teachers is a problem for the programs.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第八段第一句“Founded 25 years ago, this small private school in San Francisco, USA, does what few other American schools do.”可知，C項中“Many other American schools”表述錯誤。故答案選C。6What kind of problem is the most difficult to adjust in teaching Chinese in America?ATo adapt themselves to the American life styles.BTo communicate with the American students.CTo get along well with the American students.DTo be fit for the cultural differences in teaching styles.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句中的“the teachers usually suffer culture shock when they come to the U. S”和倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，中國老師到美國任教時，遭遇到的最大問題就是文化沖擊，由于教學風格的不同，老師們需要做出很大的調(diào)整。故答案選D。7The meaning of the underlined word “scrambling” is similar to _.Aclimbing Brushing Cchanging Dbeating答案：B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第九段畫線詞上下句內(nèi)容可知，畫線詞所在句的句意為：由于中國將會成為本世紀領先的經(jīng)濟體，很多美國學校正在加緊將普通話列入他們的外語名單當中或擴大現(xiàn)在已有的漢語項目。因此，畫線詞應為“加速，加緊”之意，故答案選B。8It can be learned from the passage that _.Athe students in Lisa Yang's class usually speak ChineseBthere are few American students in Lisa Yang's classCwe celebrate Confucius' birthday because he's the greatest history teacherDin America the students don't respect their teachers答案：A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“English is rarely heard in Lisa Yang's class.”可知，在楊老師的課堂上很少用英語。A項表述正確。故答案選A。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，C項錯誤；B、D兩項在原文中沒有涉及。故排除。