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1、1,本節(jié)著重介紹： 有關(guān)減速機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)概念 羅西公司的基本情況,Preparatory technical course 技術(shù)教程,Drive/驅(qū)動(dòng) Theoretical fundamental concepts 基本概念 Gear reducer/齒輪減速機(jī) Size/規(guī)格 Gear pairs and train of gears 齒輪副和齒輪系 Design and mounting position 設(shè)計(jì)和安裝方式 Designation/名稱,ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,3,驅(qū)動(dòng),,,P1 0,12 kW M1 n1 10003000 min-1,P2 M2
2、240 000 daN m n2 0250 min-1,Q,馬達(dá),減速機(jī),被驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)器,傳動(dòng),,,傳動(dòng),4,DRIVE,Motors/馬達(dá) - asynchronous/異步 a.c. + inverter 交流變速 d.c. + convert. 直流變速 - brushless/無刷電機(jī),Gear red./減速機(jī) - worm/蝸桿 - coaxial/同軸 - parallel/平行軸 - right angle/直角軸 - planetary/行星式,Machines/機(jī)械 適用于幾乎所有類型的機(jī)械或系統(tǒng),Transmissions/傳動(dòng) Direct connection 直接連接
3、聯(lián)軸器 齒輪副 帶驅(qū)動(dòng) 鏈驅(qū)動(dòng),減速機(jī)降低速度、增加扭矩的公式,P kW = MdaN m n / 955,5,聯(lián)軸器簡(jiǎn)介,主要使用彈性聯(lián)軸器 彈性套柱銷聯(lián)軸器 彈性梅花形聯(lián)軸器,6,PHILOSOPHY BY ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,Standard product/一流產(chǎn)品 Wide range of types /產(chǎn)品范圍廣 Compactness, reliability, modular 簡(jiǎn)潔，可靠，模塊化 construction, flexibility/結(jié)構(gòu)適應(yīng)性強(qiáng) Compliance to standards/服從標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Modernity/現(xiàn)代化,7,基本概
4、念,Force F :/力三要素：大小，方向，作用點(diǎn) 單位: N, daN, kN Torque M :力矩 ( M = F b )/力x力臂 單位: N m, daN m, kN m Mass m : /質(zhì)量為材料的特性 單位: kg Moment of inertia of mass J : /轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量 圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生 與旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑有關(guān)J = m r 2 單位: kg m2,,F,M,,,,m,r,8,轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量簡(jiǎn)介,,9,GEAR REDUCER/減速機(jī),減速，增加扭矩,10,GEAR REDUCER,高速軸直徑小 低速軸直徑大 傳動(dòng)比i = n1 / n2 1 構(gòu)成：箱體，齒輪副，軸承，軸
5、，密封圈， 等等。 （說明減速機(jī)質(zhì)量時(shí)，需從構(gòu)成上分別說明）,常用輸入速度: n1 = 900 3000 min-1,3000rpm基本為羅西的最大容許輸入速度,11,GEAR REDUCER,GEAR REDUCER 減速機(jī)(減機(jī)）,GEAR MOTOR WITHOUT MOTOR 無馬達(dá)減速馬達(dá),GEARMOTOR 減速馬達(dá)（減馬）,12,Size/規(guī)格,The size of a gear reducer is given by the centre distance of final reduction 減速機(jī)的規(guī)格由末級(jí)減速的中心距給定 (EP02:最后一級(jí)減速箱體的外徑) 例
6、如： R 2I 125 表示，減速機(jī)的末級(jí)減速中心距為125,13,Gears and trains of gears齒輪和齒輪組,羅西公司設(shè)計(jì)、加工和研磨以下類型的齒輪。 圓柱齒輪，用I表示，主要應(yīng)用于平行軸和同心軸減速機(jī)，也用于其它類型。 傘齒輪，用C 表示，用于直角軸減速機(jī) 蝸桿，用V 表示，用于蝸桿減速機(jī) 例如 : R 3I, R ICI, R V, MR 2IV, MR C2I,14,羅西型號(hào)中各種符號(hào)的含義,,15,Casehardened and hardened (greater load capacity, smaller overall dimensions) 經(jīng)
7、滲碳硬化和表面硬化（更大的承載能力，更小的總體尺寸） Ground profile /外形輪廓經(jīng)過研磨 Load capacity (according to ISO 6336): 承載能力（達(dá)到ISO6336標(biāo)準(zhǔn)） Verified to pitting for an unlimited life 工作狀況下永不銹蝕 Verified to breakage/經(jīng)過破壞驗(yàn)證 Optimised dimensioning/尺寸經(jīng)優(yōu)化,Cylindrical gears I圓柱齒輪,16,圓柱齒輪材料: 16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5 (UNI 7846-78) fs =1 p
8、er 25 000h imax = 6,3（單級(jí)最大傳動(dòng)比） = 0,98（單級(jí)傳動(dòng)效率） 在冷熱情況下，均可持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),Cylindrical gears I,17,imax = 6,3 = 0,98 Spiral toothing Gleason/格里森螺旋齒 材料:16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5 (UNI7846-78) 經(jīng)滲碳硬化和表面硬化 齒外形經(jīng)研磨（規(guī)格為 C 160 ... C 320的產(chǎn)品） profile finished to skiving (sizes C 400 ... C 500) 齒外形經(jīng)刮磨（對(duì)于規(guī)格為C400-C500的產(chǎn)品） Possibilit
9、y of reduced angular clearance 可減少角形間隙,Bevel gears C傘齒輪,18,幾種表面加工工藝的表面粗糙度Rz,微觀不平度十點(diǎn)高度,粗車、粗刨、粗銑：不大于80,(微見刀痕)。 車，刨，銑：1040（微見加工痕跡） 車，磨：6.3 （可辨加工痕跡方向） 磨，刮：3.2 （微辨加工痕跡方向） 精磨，研磨：1.6 （不可辨加工痕跡方向）,19,Worm gears V/蝸齒輪,imax = 63 扭矩大小取決于速度大?。ㄋ俣仍叫。琈n2越大） 效率隨輸入功率，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間同向變化（功率越大，效率越高，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，效率越高） 噪音低 Reducing vibr
10、ations and shocks 震動(dòng)與沖擊小 Possibility of reduced angular clearance of low speed shaft 可以減小低速軸的角形間隙（基本可以滿足較高精度傳動(dòng)的要求）,20,Worm gears V,Worm made of16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5/材料casehardened and hardened, ground and superfinished, involute profile ZI 經(jīng)過滲碳硬化和表面硬化，研磨和超級(jí)壓光的漸開線輪廓 Worm wheel made of phosphor bron
11、ze (PB2 BS 1400-85) and hub of spheroidal cast iron or steel 蝸輪由磷青銅PB2 BS 1400-85制成，蝸輪軸由球墨鑄鐵或鋼制成。,21,蝸桿、蝸輪材料選用依據(jù)及保養(yǎng)注意,,Maag Oerlikon Opal 800 圓柱齒形控制機(jī)器,Klingelnberg WNC 30 傘齒形控制,23,Careful control of gears:,圓柱齒輪: Klingelnberg PNC 100, PNC 33,傘齒輪: Klingelnberg PNC 100, PNC 33 and Gleason tester for ro
12、lling test,2 Klingelnberg PNC 1 Olivetti Inspector 1 Dea Gamma 3D 1 single flank rolling test machine Klingelnberg PSE 1 Gleason Tester 1 Mitutoyo Metallographic laboratory 2700 tools...世界上最好的，最貴的檢測(cè)儀器，,Quality control,25,Advantages of grinding/研磨的優(yōu)點(diǎn),Constant quality /質(zhì)量恒定 Avoiding thermal deformatio
13、ns/避免熱變形 Optimisation of teeth form (corrections of profile and helix) /優(yōu)化齒性（校正外形和螺旋） Low noise level/噪音低 Maximum efficiency/獲得最大效率 Interchangeability and smaller overall dimensions/可換性強(qiáng)，總體尺寸小 Higher load capacity/高承載能力,技術(shù)教程 （第二部分）,Efficiency/效率 Thermal power/熱功率 Lubrication/潤(rùn)滑 Fastening systems/緊固
14、裝置 Nominal performances and fs 額定性能和服務(wù)系數(shù) Selection of drive/驅(qū)動(dòng)類型選擇 Radial and axial loads/徑向和軸向荷載,ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,27,Efficiency /效率,of gear reducer is given by the ratio between output power P2 and input power P1 and it is always < 1 ( < 1) 減速機(jī)的效率是輸出功率與輸入功率的比率，總是小于1。, = P2 / P1 = PN2 / PN1,？,28,
15、效率,Plost = P1 - P2 depends on: 效率損失取決于 Frictions ( m ) /摩擦 Splash (oil level mounting position) 飛濺（油位安裝方式） Ventilation, lubrication pump/通風(fēng)，潤(rùn)滑泵 Cylindrical and bevel gear: 圓柱齒輪和傘齒輪 = 0,98 恒定 Worm gear:蝸輪 < 0,90 variable變化的,29,蝸桿減速機(jī)效率表,,30,效率 ,For the worm gear if : 如下情況，蝸輪效率會(huì)上升： Increasing worm
16、speed n /增加蝸桿轉(zhuǎn)速 Decreasing oil viscosity /減小油粘度 Using synthetic oil/使用合成潤(rùn)滑油 The gear reducer is warm/對(duì)減速機(jī)進(jìn)行預(yù)熱,31,效率 ,Efficiency of external transmissions: 常用外部機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)效率 belt 0,95/帶傳動(dòng) chain 0,98/鏈傳動(dòng) gears 0,96/齒輪傳動(dòng) hydraulic coupling 0,95/液力聯(lián)軸器,32,潤(rùn)滑,潤(rùn)滑作用包括: 減小摩擦系數(shù) 減少熱損失 Q= P1 - P2 增加效率 降低油溫 toil 減少
17、材料磨損 ,潤(rùn)滑方式: oil splash濺油方式 circulation強(qiáng)制油循環(huán),33,潤(rùn)滑,油潤(rùn)滑 : 礦物油 (tmax = 95C) 或合成油 (tmax = 125C) （對(duì)于襯底有特殊要求） 特性: 粘度 (), 粘度系數(shù), 滑動(dòng)點(diǎn), 最大容許溫升 脂潤(rùn)滑 : 合成脂 (tmax = 125C) 特性: 耐久性, 滴點(diǎn), 最大容許溫升,34,潤(rùn)滑,粘度選用所需考慮參數(shù) 齒輪類型 (蝸桿減速機(jī)要考慮安裝方式) 速度: 速度大時(shí)，要求粘度小n 扭矩: 扭矩大時(shí)，需要粘度大M ,35,潤(rùn)滑,使用合成油的好處 - 效率 升高 - 潤(rùn)滑間隔大大增加 - 應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域增大 - 最
18、大容許溫度 升高 - 購(gòu)買成本增加 ,36,Fastening systems固定方式,地腳安裝,法蘭安裝,37,Fastening systems固定方式,特點(diǎn): - 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊 - 經(jīng)濟(jì) - Adequate to deforming and/or slightly precise structures,空心低速軸 地腳安裝 法蘭安裝 ,軸安裝,38,三種固定方式的根本區(qū)別,,39,Nominal performances and fs額定性能和安全系數(shù)fs,In the catalogues we state the nominal performances PN1, PN2, MN2 T
19、hey considered nominal as they are valid for the nominal service, that is at fixed values: Duration of running h (25 000圓柱, 12 500蝸桿) Uniform load (M2 = const.) “l(fā)ow” frequency of starting start/h Asynchronous three-phase motor,40,M2max,M2,Mn2的區(qū)別,額定值的定義,41,Nominal performances and fs,Service factor
20、fs: parameter quantifying the different nature of real running conditions compared to nominal performances. fs = MN2 / M2 = PN2 / P2 Nominal performances fs = 1 Real service Nominal service (fs 1) On the catalogues see the table for the calculation of fs,42,Nominal performances and fs,Is it right to
21、 do the comparison between the performances of the gear reducers of 2 different manufacturers with the same fs? 如何正確的比較兩個(gè)不同的制造商的安全系數(shù)是否相同, fs = 1 for manufacturer A and B ONLY IF: Nominal performances defined in the same way (considering the same nominal service) Using the same standards and methods
22、of calculation otherwise fsA fsB For fs 1 the comparison between A and B is possible only if they have the same law of variation for fs,Preparatory Technical Course (3rd part),Materials材料 Noise噪音 Torque limiters扭力限制器 Standards 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Rossi Motoriduttori優(yōu)勢(shì) Modular system Quality systems質(zhì)量,ROSSIMOTORIDUTT
23、ORI,44,Materials/材料,箱體 : 通常為球墨鑄鐵 G 200 UNI ISO 185 某些平行軸或直角軸減速機(jī) (Cat. H02) 使用電鍍復(fù)合鋼 高速軸:滲碳硬化和表面硬化合成鋼 低速軸:滲碳硬化和表面硬化合成鋼 空心低速軸:鋼 圓柱齒輪材料:16CrNi4 or 20MnCr5 其他部件: 軸承品牌: 密封圈品牌:,45,鋼材性能比較,,46,Noise,Lw1, Lw2, Lw3, Lfondo, Lriverbero Lp,47,Gearmotor/減速馬達(dá),馬達(dá)與減速箱直接連接.,48,Torque limiters,Devices acting in case o
24、f overloads of M in order to save the drive. Possible types: electronic : wattmetric relais inverter mechanical : Friction torque limiter (output) Module of friction torque limiter (MLA) Module of ball type torque limiter (MLS),49,Torque limiters (output),Mounting of external friction type torque li
25、miter intermediate a), (output) b),a),b),50,Modules of torque limiters (input),Mounting of module between gear reducer and motor (input), in the combined groups between gear reducer and gearmotor,MLA,MLS,51,points of strength優(yōu)勢(shì),Complete range Standard products Modular system模塊化 Maximum compactness S
26、tandardized motors to IEC,Complete documentation Total control of industrial process Certified quality system Technical assistance,分別對(duì)應(yīng)于客戶什么樣的問題,52,Complete range,Worm gear reducers and gearmotors Coaxial gear reducers and gearmotors Parallel shaft gearmotors and gear reducers Right angle shaft gear
27、 reducers Asynchronous three-phase motors Inverters,53,Standard manufacturing,Standard manufacturing programme Wide experience in the manufacturing of the same parts Lower production costs Possibility of stock manufacturing Shorter delivery times Standard commercial components(bearings, seal rings,
28、motors, etc.) Better service for the customer,54,The Modularity is a project concept that, thanks to standards, to normal numbers etc., has the goal of obtaining the quantity of products required by the market with the lowest number of components. Advantages : Lower costs Higher quality and control
29、Better delivery times,Module system模塊化,好處,55,Motor standardised to IEC (gearmotor) Advantages: interchangeability, better deltimes, economy Motor range: Asynchronous three-phase motor; Standard or brake motor with d.c. brake or with d.c. safety brake; Standard or brake (double speed) motor,,56,THE END,,ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,
減速箱的基本概念和知識(shí).ppt
