《非謂語動(dòng)詞練習(xí)》課件

非謂語動(dòng)詞練習(xí)PPT課件 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞 性質(zhì)：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在性質(zhì)：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，即：除謂語以外一切成分。即：除謂語以外一切成分。a過去分詞過去分詞不定式不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞a主主語語表表語語賓賓語語定定語語補(bǔ)補(bǔ)語語狀狀語語 不定式不定式 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞過去分詞a動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式 主動(dòng)語態(tài) to do 被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式to be doneto be doingto have doneto have been donea動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)aa例例1：To help each other is good._to help each other.互相幫助是好的?；ハ鄮椭呛玫?。例例2：_to understand him.我發(fā)現(xiàn)了解他很困難。我發(fā)現(xiàn)了解他很困難。It is goodI find it difficulta不定式在六個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞不定式在六個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞feel,listen to,hear,see,watch,notice,三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),to要省略。如要省略。如例例1：Now,let me go.（go前省掉了前省掉了to）例例2：I saw her run into the classroom.（run前的前的to省掉了）省掉了）比較比較She was seen _ the classroom.a例例1.The farmers didnt know what to do.The farmers didnt know .例例2.Please tell me how to get to the zoo.Please tell me .what they should dohow I can get to the zooav不定式在以下形容詞后不定式在以下形容詞后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。等。This question is difficult _(answer).Do you think him easy_(work)with?v這時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思。a動(dòng)詞不定式省略動(dòng)詞不定式省略to 的情況歸納的情況歸納*1 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，如動(dòng)詞是當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，如動(dòng)詞是 make,let,have 或或 look at,see,watch,observe,hear,listen to,feel、等，不定式不帶等，不定式不帶to.*2.在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后 had better,would rather,would ratherthan,cannot but（不得不不得不，必然，不能不），必然，不能不）,cant help but 等等*3.Why.或或 why not 表建議表建議4.在介詞在介詞 but,except 之后，如果其前有之后，如果其前有 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do 的的某種形式，不定式不帶某種形式，不定式不帶to,反之須帶反之須帶to.（記憶口訣）記憶口訣）*5 不定式作表語時(shí)，如果不定式作表語時(shí)，如果be動(dòng)詞前有動(dòng)詞前有do/did/does時(shí)，時(shí)，to可以省去?？梢允∪ァ注意注意1：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，后面時(shí)，如果這后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要否則要帶帶to。She could do nothing but _(cry)I have no choice but _(go)注意注意2：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。He is looking for a room _(live)There is nothing (worry)Please give me a knife (cut)to live into worry aboutto cut witha注意注意3：當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定：當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可用式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其意義有所不同被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其意義有所不同。比較：比較：A)Have you anything to send?B)B)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么東西要寄嗎你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不定式不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you)你有什么要你有什么要(我或別人我或別人)寄的東西嗎寄的東西嗎?(不定式不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或或someone else)a 作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to 后面后面的動(dòng)詞，只的動(dòng)詞，只保留保留to。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。a不定式的不定式的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)要重視要重視例1 NMET 1997第12題I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have goneD 例2 NMET 1999 第14題Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to studyB.C.to be study D.to have been studying a(1)如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作(情況情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。Tom and Martin pretended _their homework when the teacher came into the classroom.（假裝正在做作業(yè)）（假裝正在做作業(yè)）(2)如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。完成式。She is said _thirty novels this year.據(jù)說她已讀了據(jù)說她已讀了30本小說。本小說。to be doingto have reada不定式的語態(tài)不應(yīng)忽略不定式的語態(tài)不應(yīng)忽略當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是這不定式所表示的動(dòng)作當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是這不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)形式有兩種：一般式和完成式。被動(dòng)形式有兩種：一般式和完成式。1.It is an honor for me _to your party.(invite)2.After graduation,he asked _to work in the countryside.(sent)3.This novel was said _into French.(translate)4.He was the first student_by The teacher.(punish)to be invitedto be sentto have been translatedto have been punisheda 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedoneaa.a.Its no use sending him over.Its too late already.Its no good talking a lot without doing anything.Its a waste of time arguing about it.b.Theres no joking about such matters.Theres no saying what hell be doing next.Theres no telling what hes going to do.而在而在Its important /Its necessary 這類句型中，只能用不定式這類句型中，只能用不定式如：如：Its important to learn foreign languages.Its quite necessary to read it many times.a在在need,want,deserve等后，可用動(dòng)名詞的等后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)式，意主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)式，意義上無差別。但用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍，（這時(shí)主語義上無差別。但用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍，（這時(shí)主語一般是物），如：一般是物），如：The door needs_.(paint)painting/to be painted.a如：如：I regret _her advice.(我后悔沒聽她的建議）我后悔沒聽她的建議）如：如：He did it without_.(ask)The little boy didnt mind _(leave).They couldnt stand _(treat)like that.not having takenbeing treateda 有時(shí)為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動(dòng)名詞之有時(shí)為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動(dòng)名詞之前加上一個(gè)前加上一個(gè)或或，來表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語。，來表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語。有時(shí)也可以用人稱代詞賓格或名詞普通格，不過，這主要用于口語有時(shí)也可以用人稱代詞賓格或名詞普通格，不過，這主要用于口語中。如：中。如：She wont hear of.Do you object to?注：如果不是在句子的開頭，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常用名詞的普通格或人稱注：如果不是在句子的開頭，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓格，如：代詞賓格，如：I dont like the idea of us/our not helping at all.I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是表示無生命的東西的名詞，或不定注：如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是表示無生命的東西的名詞，或不定代詞，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：代詞，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：Is there any hope of your team winning the match?The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door.a1.Do you mind opening the door?（我）2.Going there saved us a good deal of trouble.（Tom）3.Being late again made the teacher angry.（他）Do you mind me/my opening Toms going there saved us a good His being late again madea 1._to the meeting surprised all of the boards.A.Mike coming B.Mike came C.Mike coming D.Mikes coming 2.Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules.A.you pretend B.you pretending C.your pretending D.your pretend a 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的不同含義：1)be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、膽怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心、恐怕出現(xiàn) She was afraid _(wake)her husband up,for he had bad temper.She was afraid _(of wake)her husband,for he was ill.2)forget,remember,try,mean,stop,.3)permit,allow,forbid,advise,admit,a4)cant help doing sth.cant help(to)do sth.cant help but do sth.不得不，忍不住1.I couldnt help_(think)of my childhood when I saw the picture.2.Im sorry I cant help_(lend)you the money,for Im short of it nowadays.3.I cant help but_(cry).a 分分 詞詞分詞：分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表分詞：分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。分詞語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。分詞可分為可分為現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。a現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的基本基本形式形式 doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done（只作狀語）主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式a 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) （所謂獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞的邏輯主所謂獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞的邏輯主語語不是句子主語，而是有自己的邏輯不是句子主語，而是有自己的邏輯主語主語時(shí)，叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。）時(shí)，叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。）A)1.Today _(be)Sunday,the library doesnt open.=Because today _(be)Sunday,2.There _(be)no buses,we had to walk home.a3.The signal _(give),the bus started.4.Weather _ (permit),well visit the Great Wall.5.A teacher from England _(teach)us English,were sure to learn it well.6.With him _(give)us a lead,our team is to win.7.With the worker _ (lead),the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.8.he went home with his work _(finish).a9.他遲到了,老師很生氣.(用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))（作主語）_用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))a作表語作表語（1 1）動(dòng)名詞）動(dòng)名詞My job is teaching.=Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.（2 2）現(xiàn)在分詞）現(xiàn)在分詞The play is exciting.Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting.Interesting was the story he told us.aa washing machine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimming This is a new washing machine.作定語作定語性質(zhì)或用途。性質(zhì)或用途。動(dòng)名詞作定語表示動(dòng)名詞作定語表示_a作定語作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示_.如果是單詞，如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，就放在被修飾放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，就放在被修飾的名詞之后。的名詞之后。a developing country a country which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingThe man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.China is a developing country.動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。aeg.He attends the meeting _in the room now.He attended the meeting _yesterday.（hold）He will attend the meeting _tomorrow.1.從時(shí)態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，to do表示將來的動(dòng)作。定語定語being heldheldto be heldaeg.I found him cooking supper.I found supper cooked when I got home.It is true I saw Henry cook supper.現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞與賓語為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；過去分詞與賓語為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；to doto do只單純表示一個(gè)事實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程。只單純表示一個(gè)事實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程。補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語a作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別：作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別：分詞分詞 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況等等表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況等等,They worked hard to pay for the necklace.I went to see him only to find him out.to do表示表示1.目的目的;2.結(jié)果結(jié)果表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié)果。常用表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié)果。常用only強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)。目的目的結(jié)果結(jié)果1.He returned home _(find)the house broken into.2.His father died,_(leave)him nothing but debts.a 1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk 2.When and where to build the new power station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A.thisB.thatC.it D.heNon-infinitive a 4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen 5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received 6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.workinga 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest 8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments?A.there B.it C.this D.that 10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followeda 11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive 12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow 13.Believe it or not,he was seen_upstairs just now.A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.goa 14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned 15.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 16.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practicea 17._a reply,he decided to write a sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having received D.Having not received 18.Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking 19.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being reada 20.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaneda1.She appeared _ the lady before.2.A.to not see B.not to see 3.C.not to have seen D.to have not seen.4.2.From the date _ on the letter,I decided that it was written several days ago.5.A.marking B.marked 6.C.to be marked D.having been marked7.3.-Do you have anything more _,sir?8.-No,you can have a rest or do sth.else.9.A.typing B.to be typed C.typed D.to typea