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1、英語書面表達,講 座 Peter Lin,高考英語作文評分標準,1. 本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。 2. 評分時，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。 3. 詞數(shù)少于 80和多于 120的，從總分中減去2分。 4. 評分時，應注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點、應用詞匯和語法結構的數(shù)量和準確性、上下文的連貫性及語言的得體性。 5. 拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面，評分時，應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫漢詞匯用法均可接受。 6. 如書寫較差，以至影響交際，將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。 7. 內(nèi)容要點可用不同方式表達，對緊扣主題的
2、適當發(fā)揮不予扣分。,“書面表達”是考察考生綜合運用英語能力的一種題型，根據(jù)其一般規(guī)律，它要求考生對所給情景和要求寫一篇書面材料，做到所寫的內(nèi)容符合所給的情景和要求，文理通順。它既象作文，又不完全是作文，因為考生不能離開情景和要求自行立意、選材，隨意發(fā)揮。它類似翻譯，但又不同于翻譯，因為考生必須根據(jù)需要進行適當?shù)陌l(fā)揮，因而有較大的靈活性。所以在做這種題目時，要掌握一個總的原則是“不漏、不錯、不多寫、不亂寫”。,注意表達方式的多樣性、 所用詞匯和句式的高級性、 行文的連貫性和語言的簡潔性。 內(nèi)容充實，要點全面；語言豐富，文字優(yōu)美；行文連貫，過渡自然,要想在英語考試“書面表達”部分取得高分，就必須在
3、以下幾個方面取得突破： 第一，內(nèi)容要點的識別與達； 第二，詞匯； 第三，句型結構； 第四，上下文的銜接。,寫作過程,1.審題： 什么體裁-------日記；便條；書信；通知（口頭還是書面）；啟示（如失物招領）；演講；說明（如指路及使用 說明等）； 記敘；議論；或是綜合表達。 什么時態(tài)------通知，演講，啟示多以現(xiàn)在時，將來時為主；描寫說明多用一般現(xiàn)在時;日記，記事多以一般過去時為主；書信往往綜合幾種時態(tài)。當然，這只是一般性的特點，具體寫作中要結合實際靈活交替運用；比如議論與說明中涉及時代變遷前后對比。 什么句型------可使用那些句型如It; There be; 從句；分詞結構；
4、等等（切忌詞句少變化千篇一律）。課文，閱讀篇目中曾經(jīng)見到過的相關句子（切忌片言只語弄巧成拙）。,,,2.組句： 列要點---- -題目要求寫明什么，還要發(fā)揮什么； 排順序-----組織材料：時間先后？方位？（比如指路：按標識物，街 道 名，還是距離計算法？）對比法？兜圈子？列舉事例與數(shù)據(jù)？ 寫句子-----我是誰？人稱問題； 這個動詞可否用被動式；是否符合主謂一致的原則； 前后指代是否清楚；數(shù)是否一致； 是否符合平行原則；是否有固定詞組可用；何處斷句； 復數(shù)變化，過去式，冠詞，介詞，副詞形式，拼寫的習慣性失誤等等； 3檢查：要點有無遺漏？是否有重復現(xiàn)象？銜接是否 流暢？有無自己沒把握的詞句？
5、措辭是否做到了盡量準確？,四步作文法,第一步：通讀審題； 第二步：編擬提綱； 第三步：擴寫成文； 第四步：檢查修改,,,,,,以上圖畫描述的是你的一段親身經(jīng)歷，請據(jù)此為一家中學生英文報的故事專欄寫一篇短文。 注意： 1. 短文必須包括圖畫所表現(xiàn)的主要內(nèi)容，可以適當增加細節(jié)，使其連貫、完整。 2. 敘述必須用第一人稱。 3. 詞數(shù)100左右。生詞：違章者 offender n. 十字路口crossroads n.,第一步：通讀審題。 逐圖推敲，了解大意，把圖畫信息及時轉化成文字信息。 通過讀圖，把六幅圖畫信息簡明地記載如下： 圖l brother、 I、 riding bicycle、 cin
6、ema 圖2 crossroads、 a young man and a young girl、 we were stopped 圖3、4、5 the young man， told their story：1.half an hour ago、 riding bicycle、 stopped by a policeman，2.catch the next offender 圖6 we were punished、 catch the next offender instead of them,,第二步：編擬提綱。 根據(jù)上述圖畫信息，編擬出要點、提綱，組織語言材料。在擬定提綱時，應注意提綱的中
7、心要突出，條理要清楚，不要節(jié)外生枝，寫一些與題無關的東西。 1.Brother and l went to cinema， Brother was riding while I Was Sitting 2.To the crossroads， we were stopped by 3.They said they had found us. Pointing to a policeman， the young man told us their story. 4.They were stopped by a policeman. 5.They were made to catch the ne
8、xt offender.,,第三步：擴寫成文。 把上述要點提綱擴寫成文。在擴寫時，要注意以下幾點： 1.添加必要的時間、冠詞及其它一些與題有關的細節(jié)； 2.盡量使用簡單句和自己最熟悉、最有把握的句型、短語 來表述； 3.語法結構和關聯(lián)詞的正確運用； 4.語言符合英語習慣和表達，不用漢語式的英語； 5.書寫規(guī)范，卷面整潔； 6.運用語言時，注意一個意思的多種表述法。,上述提綱擴寫為下文： Last week my brother and l went to the cinema by bicycle. My brother was riding while I was sitting on t
9、he seat behind. When we came to the crossroads， we were stopped by a young man and a young woman. They said they bad found us at last. But we dont know them at all. Pointing to a policeman not far away, the young man told us their story. They werestopped by the policeman about half an hour ago and m
10、ade to Catch the next offender as a punishment. They asked us to go and stand there and wished us good luck. We were made to catch the next offender instead of them.,,第四步：檢查修改。 擴寫成文后，還需認真地進行檢查和修改。 第一，看一看有沒有遺漏信息點； 第二，看句子結構是否正確，有沒有主謂不一致，時態(tài)、語態(tài)上的錯誤； 第三，看過渡是否自然，單詞拼寫是否有錯，大小寫、標點符號使用是否得當； 第四，看所寫文章的人稱是否符合題目要
11、求；最后還要數(shù)一數(shù)文章的詞數(shù)，看是否 符合要求。,,如果說，第一步通讀審題，是把考題中所包含的要點和考點都一一挖掘出來；那么第二步編擬提綱，則是把這些點都連成了線；而第三步擴寫成文，便是把線又擴成了面。這樣由點到線，由線到面，最后再進行檢查修改的，的確不失為一種清楚明了而又簡便易行的解題程序。,假設你是上圖的李華。請根據(jù)圖畫所提供的信息，寫一篇英語作文，描述昨天晚上鄰居看足球賽影響你學習的情況，并描寫你隨后與鄰居交涉的過程(如：你向鄰居提出要求，對方向你表示歉意等。) 注意：1. 詞數(shù)：80120 2. 可以編寫對話或其它敘述方式描寫你與鄰居的交涉過程,圖畫信息內(nèi)容要點： 時間： at
12、nine oclock in the evening 地點: at my home/ in my room doing my lessons 人物： I, my neighbour 情景（事由，經(jīng)過）: the neighbour watching football match on TV, excited and shouting loudly,making a lot of noises I covered my years,could no longer stand/control myself, impatient 結果：What di I do? What did my neighb
13、our do? 感想：take care of each other,not to disturb others,,About 9 oclock yesterday evening, I was busy preparing for my tomorrows test when suddenly loud noises came into my room. My neighbor was watching a football game on TV in his room. The noise was so loud that I couldnt go on studying. I cover
14、ed my ears with hands, but it was no use. I became so impatient that I had to go to explain my difficulty. After hearing what I said, my neighbor apologized and turned down the TV immediately. I thanked him and went back to continue my study.,One possible version,Two other possible versions,1 About
15、9 oclock last night, I was doing my homework. Suddenly I heard my neighbor shouting and laughing loudly. He was watching a football game on TV. Icouldnt go on studying and became impatient. I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. So I had to go my neighbor. I knocked at his doo
16、r and said, Good evening, Mr Yang! Could you please turn down your TV a bit? I am doing my homework. “Oh, Im really sorry to have disturbed you. Well do as you say.” My neighbor said politely. Thank you very much. I said and went back to continue my study.,2 Last night I was preparing for the coming
17、 examination when the noise from my neighbor interrupted me. The noise went on and on. It was so loudly that I could hardly pay attention to my study any longer. So I went to my neighbours house and said to him: “Excuse me, would you please turn down the TV? Im preparing tomorrows examination.” Havi
18、ng heard these words, his face went red. And he said, “Ok, Ill turn it down. Li Hua, Im very sorry to have made so much noise. Just now, the football was very wonderful. I was too excited to control myself. I wont do that again. Good luck in your coming examination. ” After that, I got down to my st
19、udy.,單元考書面表達圖畫信息內(nèi)容要點： 時間： the first day of the Olympics, (morning/ evening..) 地點: Athens,Greece 人物： I, my neighbour/classmates/family, DuLi ,athletes from other countries 情景（事由，經(jīng)過）: shooting match/game,fdidnt do well, fell behind,not give up, catch up with, score,carefully/attentively,get the first
20、gold medal for China.. 結果：scored ten point six,e out the first 感想：be proud of, learn from,參考作文： Today Chinese Shooting athlete DuLi won the first gold medal for China on the first day of the Athens Olympic Games. Early this morning I was excited seated in front of the TV set with my fellow studen
21、ts to watch the live broadcast. At first Duli was behind another competitor,a player from Russia. We were so nervous that we could hear our hearts beating wildly. But Duli didnt lose heart, and on the final shot Duli scored 10.6 points.She won the gold medal, which was the first one for China at thi
22、s Oiympics, with a total of 502 points. We all jumped with joy. What a good athlete Duli is! How proud we are of being Chinese!,錯句例析,1.錯DuLi stand for China take part in the game. 正: DuLi, a well known Chinese athlet/one of Chinas best shooting athlets, took part in/joined in the game. On behalf of
23、Chinese team,DuLi competed against athlets from other countries. 2.錯The Olympic games hold in Athens, Greece 正The Olympic Games were held/took place/ happened in Athens, Greece.,3.錯At beginning, DuLi shooted not very well /she began shooted bad, and her point a little low.She was fall behind.then sh
24、e got a high price. 正At first, DuLi didnt do well,and her score was much less than other athelets/she fell behind other athlets. 4.錯I were satting in front of v and sawing the shooting on the air. 正 I was seated /sitting in front of the V set to watch the live broadcast /televised shooting game. 5.錯
25、The last shooting she made wonderful and the scored is very high. 正 On the final shot she scored a very high point.,6.錯We were happy for her and happy for native. 正 We were satisfied with her performance / proud of her. We became excited because of he good performance in the match. 7.錯 Her score is
26、better and better, and she fell behind the others/she was neckand nech with the athlets who comes from USA. 正 Gradually she did better and better and caught up with the other athlets/who come the USA. 8.錯 My father very happy./ We all afraid she could got the gold medal./ I was afraid that we will f
27、ailed. 9.錯 DuLi who was a girl come from China.,作業(yè): 某校周刊在中學生中展開了就中學生能否在校園使用手機的大討論，請你根據(jù)以下提示，發(fā)表自己的看法： （1）手機是高科技(high-technology)的產(chǎn)物，它不僅體積小(small in size)，重量輕，攜帶方便，而且通信快捷，它的功能齊全(multi-function)，既能用于通話，又能傳遞短信息和上網(wǎng)等等。(offering fast and convenient service for communication, sending short messages and inter
28、net-surfing) （2）有不少中學生把手機帶進學校，與家長和朋友保持聯(lián)系(to keep in touch with)，取代書信交流；有的學生甚至用手機在考試中傳遞答案作考試作弊(to cheat in exams)之用。,參考作文： Being a product of high-technology, mobile phones are being more and more widely used. Its small in size, light in weight and easy to carry, offering fast and convenient service
29、 for communication. Its of multi-function. The users use it for calling, sending short messages and internet-surfing. In recent years, mobile phones have become popular among middle school students. Quite a few use them at school to keep in touch with their family and friends instead of writing let
30、ters, which , of course brings convenience to them. But I dont think its good to do so. In spite of the advantage mentioned above, student users often waste a lot of time chatting over the phone in their spare time, some even use them to cheat in exams. In addition, mobile phone bill is also a heavy burden on students families.,
《英語書面表達》PPT課件.ppt
