電鍍生產(chǎn)線PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
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畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書(shū)
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設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：
電鍍生產(chǎn)線PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
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學(xué)生姓名：
專????業(yè)：
所在學(xué)院：
指導(dǎo)教師：
職????稱：
發(fā)任務(wù)書(shū)日期：年月日
任務(wù)書(shū)填寫(xiě)要求
1．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書(shū)由指導(dǎo)教師根據(jù)各課題的具體情況填寫(xiě)，經(jīng)學(xué)生所在專業(yè)的負(fù)責(zé)人審查、系（院）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽字后生效。此任務(wù)書(shū)應(yīng)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)始前一周內(nèi)填好并發(fā)給學(xué)生。
2．任務(wù)書(shū)內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書(shū)寫(xiě)，不得涂改或潦草書(shū)寫(xiě)；或者按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式（可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁(yè)上下載）打印，要求正文小4號(hào)宋體，1.5倍行距，禁止打印在其它紙上剪貼。
3．任務(wù)書(shū)內(nèi)填寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容，必須和學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）完成的情況相一致，若有變更，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)過(guò)所在專業(yè)及系（院）主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審批后方可重新填寫(xiě)。
4．任務(wù)書(shū)內(nèi)有關(guān)“學(xué)院”、“專業(yè)”等名稱的填寫(xiě)，應(yīng)寫(xiě)中文全稱，不能寫(xiě)數(shù)字代碼。學(xué)生的“學(xué)號(hào)”要寫(xiě)全號(hào)，不能只寫(xiě)最后2位或1位數(shù)字。
5．任務(wù)書(shū)內(nèi)“主要參考文獻(xiàn)”的填寫(xiě)，應(yīng)按照《金陵科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范》的要求書(shū)寫(xiě)。
?6．有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫(xiě)，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)GB/T 7408—94《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法》規(guī)定的要求，一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書(shū)寫(xiě)。如“2002年4月2日”或“2002-04-02”。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書(shū)
1．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題應(yīng)達(dá)到的目的：
? ??? 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論、專業(yè)知識(shí)和專業(yè)基本技能結(jié)合實(shí)際獨(dú)立完成課題的能力；提高其專業(yè)英語(yǔ)水平，計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)用水平及書(shū)面及口頭表達(dá)能力；訓(xùn)練其初步工程設(shè)計(jì)的能力，為順利走向相關(guān)專業(yè)工作崗位打下基礎(chǔ)。
2．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題任務(wù)的內(nèi)容和要求（包括原始數(shù)據(jù)、技術(shù)要求、工作要求等）：
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??? 根據(jù)給定的電鍍生產(chǎn)線的工作流程，采用PLC控制器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)電鍍生產(chǎn)線的自動(dòng)化控制，主要包括：給出系統(tǒng)硬件接線圖、PLC控制I/O端口分配表、整體程序流程圖和編制控制程序等。主要控制電鍍行車(chē)的上行、下行、左行、右行四個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)電鍍生產(chǎn)線的自動(dòng)化。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書(shū)
3．對(duì)本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題成果的要求〔包括圖表、實(shí)物等硬件要求〕：
1.外文參考資料及譯文（附原文）；
2.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告一份；
3.編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份；
4.完整的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙一套。?
4．主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1]??? 廖常初.可編程控制器的編程方法與工程應(yīng)用.重慶：重慶大學(xué)出版社，2001.2
[2]??? 李樹(shù)雄.可編程控制器原理及應(yīng)用教程.北京：北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社， 2003.9
[3]??? 郭艷萍.電氣控制與PLC技術(shù).北京：北京師范大學(xué)出版社，2007.2，140.200
[4]??? 張進(jìn)秋.可編程控制器原理與應(yīng)用實(shí)例.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004.2
[5]??? 康華光.電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)字部分.北京：高等教育出版社，2000.7 第4版
[6]??? 周恩濤.可編程控制器原理及其在液壓系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2003.2
[7]??? 孫振強(qiáng).可編程控制器及應(yīng)用教程.北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2005.3
[8]??? 梁景凱.機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)與系統(tǒng).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999.5
[9]??? 陳永甫.電子電路智能化設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例與應(yīng)用第二集.北京：電子工業(yè)出版社，2002.8
[10]?? 赫光發(fā).電工工藝學(xué).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999.12 第3版
[11]?? 汪曉光、王艷丹、孫曉瑛.可編程控制器原理及應(yīng)用.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1994
[12]?? 鐘肇新、彭侃.可編程控制器原理及應(yīng)用.廣州：華南理工大學(xué)出版社，1992
[13]?? 孫同景、徐蹲.可編程控制器應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ).山東：山東大學(xué)出版社，1996
[14]?? 張漢杰.現(xiàn)代電器控制技術(shù).哈爾濱：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，1996
?????? [15] Frank Petruzella. Programmable Logic Controllers[M]. Publisher:?McGraw-Hill Education, 2010
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書(shū)
5．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃：
2015.12.16-2.16.3.9 畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)調(diào)研，完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告、中英文翻譯、論文大綱
2016.3.19-2016.4.25 提交論文草稿，4月中旬中期檢查
2016.4.26-2016.5.6 提交論文定稿
2016.5.6-2016.5.13 準(zhǔn)備答辯
2016.5.13-2016.5.26 答辯，成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定，修改完成最終稿
所在專業(yè)審查意見(jiàn)：
?通過(guò)?
負(fù)責(zé)人： ??????????? ?2016? 年??? 1 ?月???13 ?日
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告
設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：
電鍍生產(chǎn)線PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
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學(xué)生姓名：
專????業(yè)：
所在學(xué)院：
指導(dǎo)教師：
職????稱：
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?年? ?月??日 ?
開(kāi)題報(bào)告填寫(xiě)要求
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1．開(kāi)題報(bào)告（含“文獻(xiàn)綜述”）作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。此報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下，由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)及所在專業(yè)審查后生效；
2．開(kāi)題報(bào)告內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書(shū)寫(xiě)或按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式打印，禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼，完成后應(yīng)及時(shí)交給指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)；
3．“文獻(xiàn)綜述”應(yīng)按論文的框架成文，并直接書(shū)寫(xiě)（或打?。┰诒鹃_(kāi)題報(bào)告第一欄目?jī)?nèi)，學(xué)生寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述的參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)不少于15篇（不包括辭典、手冊(cè)）；
4．有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫(xiě)，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)GB/T 7408—94《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法》規(guī)定的要求，一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書(shū)寫(xiě)。如“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。
5、開(kāi)題報(bào)告（文獻(xiàn)綜述）字體請(qǐng)按宋體、小四號(hào)書(shū)寫(xiě)，行間距1.5倍。
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畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論文） 開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告
1．結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題情況，根據(jù)所查閱的文獻(xiàn)資料，每人撰寫(xiě)不少于1000字左右的文獻(xiàn)綜述：
電鍍行業(yè)是我國(guó)非常重要的加工行業(yè)，但是大多數(shù)中小企業(yè)仍在使用許多過(guò)時(shí)的技術(shù)和設(shè)備，大量的生產(chǎn)線均為半機(jī)械化和半自動(dòng)化控制，更有一些甚至為手工操作。
工業(yè)化的電鍍生產(chǎn)線具有工位多、生產(chǎn)復(fù)雜特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)在電鍍中過(guò)程中，其氧化、酸洗、堿洗、電鍍等工藝具有嚴(yán)重的化學(xué)污染和腐蝕，對(duì)人的健康十分不利，而且人工操作隨機(jī)性大，對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量影響大。傳統(tǒng)方法是運(yùn)用順序控制器，但是由于其電路復(fù)雜，接口比較多多，受外界的干擾大，工作可靠性比較差，維護(hù)也十分困難。采用PLC有較好的診斷能力和自保護(hù)能力，可以大大增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力，提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性。
一件電鍍產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量除了要有好的成熟的電鍍工藝和品質(zhì)好的鍍液添加劑外，如何保證電鍍產(chǎn)品嚴(yán)格按照電鍍工藝流程運(yùn)行和保證產(chǎn)品的電鍍時(shí)間則是決定電鍍產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和品質(zhì)的重要因素。在電鍍生產(chǎn)線上采用自動(dòng)化控制不但可以使電鍍產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和品質(zhì)得到嚴(yán)格的保證，有效的減少?gòu)U品率，而且還可以提高生產(chǎn)效率和減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，有著非常好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。
全自動(dòng)電鍍生產(chǎn)線是按一定電鍍工藝過(guò)程要求將有關(guān)鍍槽、鍍件提升遠(yuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)裝置、電器控制裝置、電源設(shè)備、過(guò)濾設(shè)備、檢測(cè)儀器、加熱與冷卻裝置、空氣攪拌設(shè)備等組合為一體，通過(guò)機(jī)械和電氣裝置自動(dòng)完成電鍍工序要求的全部過(guò)程，生產(chǎn)效率高，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定。
全自動(dòng)電鍍生產(chǎn)線是根據(jù)產(chǎn)品的大小和產(chǎn)量設(shè)計(jì)的，因此有非常適合產(chǎn)品的裝載方式和相對(duì)固定的動(dòng)作節(jié)拍，在鍍液管理嚴(yán)格和動(dòng)作程序編好以后，就可以連續(xù)不斷的進(jìn)行電鍍自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)。全自動(dòng)電鍍生產(chǎn)線的控制系統(tǒng)采用PLC控制機(jī)，將確定的工藝流程編程后輸入電腦，即可進(jìn)行全自動(dòng)的控制。
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參考文獻(xiàn)
1 王永華.現(xiàn)代電氣及其可編程控制技術(shù).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2001
3 陳立定.電氣控制與可編程控制器.廣州：華南理工大學(xué)出版社，2001
4 張萬(wàn)忠.可編程控制器應(yīng)用技術(shù).北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2002
5 張鳳珊.電氣控制及其可編程序控制器.北京：中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社，2001
6 楊長(zhǎng)能.可編程控制器基礎(chǔ)及應(yīng)用.重慶：重慶大學(xué)出版社，2001
7 熊奎.電器邏輯控制技術(shù).北京：科學(xué)出版社，2002
8 江秀漢.可編程序控制器原理及應(yīng)用.西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2000
9 徐世許.可編程序控制器原理應(yīng)用網(wǎng)絡(luò).合肥：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)出版社，2001
10 戴一平.可編程序控制器技術(shù).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2002
11 鄭萍.現(xiàn)代電氣控制技術(shù).重慶：重慶大學(xué)出版社，2001
12 張培志.電氣控制與可編程序控制器.北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2007
13 張鵬舉.PLC系統(tǒng)在樣機(jī)帽上的應(yīng)用與研究：[學(xué)位論文],鄭州：鄭州大學(xué)，2009
14 孫慶方. PDP對(duì)合機(jī)電氣控制系統(tǒng)研究(Ⅰ)：[學(xué)位論文]，西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)，2010
15 云濤.城市輕軌鋪軌機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究：[學(xué)位論文]，長(zhǎng)沙：中南大學(xué)，2008
16 彭琛.發(fā)泡機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計(jì)：[學(xué)位論文]，長(zhǎng)沙：湖南大學(xué)，2012
17 李寶對(duì).基于SCADA的自動(dòng)化消防系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)：[學(xué)位論文]，天津：天津大學(xué)，2005
18 徐國(guó)林.PLC應(yīng)用技術(shù)[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2007
19 施利春.PLC操作實(shí)訓(xùn)[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2007
20 王新宇.PLC應(yīng)用技術(shù)項(xiàng)目教程[M]. 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2009
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2．本課題要研究或解決的問(wèn)題和擬采用的研究手段（途徑）：
主要研究?jī)?nèi)容：
1.?? 電鍍生產(chǎn)線的工藝要求；2.?? 控制器的選擇；3.?? 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)；4.?? PLC的選型；5.?? 主電路設(shè)計(jì)；6.?? 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)；7.?? 系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行和調(diào)試
擬采用的研究手段：
本設(shè)計(jì)從自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)器件在國(guó)內(nèi)的應(yīng)用前景及電鍍生產(chǎn)線生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的環(huán)境出發(fā)，以使該生產(chǎn)線真正具備自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行為目的，采用日本三菱FX2N-32MR-001作為控制器來(lái)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化電鍍生產(chǎn)線的控制。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)，給出了系統(tǒng)硬件接線圖、PLC控制I/O端口分配表以及整體程序流程圖等，本設(shè)計(jì)主要控制對(duì)象是電鍍行車(chē)，通過(guò)控制電鍍行車(chē)的上行、下行、左行、右行四個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)電鍍生產(chǎn)線的自動(dòng)化，從而提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，大幅度改善工作人員的工作環(huán)境質(zhì)量。
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指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)：
1．對(duì)“文獻(xiàn)綜述”的評(píng)語(yǔ)：
從“文獻(xiàn)綜述”看該生在做論文之前對(duì)相關(guān)資料進(jìn)行了收集及查閱，對(duì)所要研究的對(duì)象及研究的步驟有了較清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。相信該生通過(guò)努力能順利完成本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。
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2．對(duì)本課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見(jiàn)和對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）結(jié)果的預(yù)測(cè)：
本課題工作量、難度適中。課題具有一定的實(shí)際意義，相信通過(guò)本課題的研究，能設(shè)計(jì)出在性能符合實(shí)際應(yīng)用的控制系統(tǒng)。
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3.是否同意開(kāi)題：√ 同意 □ 不同意
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???????????????????????????????????? ??指導(dǎo)教師：??????????????
???????????????????????????????????????? 2016 年?? 03 月?? 07 日
所在專業(yè)審查意見(jiàn)：
同意
???????????????????????????????????????? 負(fù)責(zé)人：??????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????? 2016 年??? 03 月?? 08 日
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）外 文 參 考 資 料 及 譯 文
譯文題目：PLC technique discussion and future development
可編程控制器技術(shù)討論與未來(lái)發(fā)展
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PLC technique discussion and future development
Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.
The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path.
We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only; And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide.
The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation that the buttonswitch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can.
PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/ O for expand of exterior to connect a people's address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/ Os to connect after pass the calculation; The I/ O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine; The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and dates, the ROM can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.
The PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.
PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language, and a lot of non- electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.
Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the peoplecomprehend more and easily, in a lot of equipments, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept; But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we can't is tolerant of. New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is, also have no interest understanding, change one inside text explains it into the touch to hold or man-machine interface you knew, and it combines with the PLC to our larger space.
HMI the control not only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data, control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in one's power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, and the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can be thinked well.
At a lot of situations, the list is a smooth movement that can't guarantee the equipments by the control of the single machine, but pass the information exchanges of the equipments and equipments to attain the result that we want. For example fore pack and the examination of the empress work preface, we will arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place, and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing. Pass the information share thus to make both the chain connect, becoming a total body, the match of your that thus make is more close, at each other attain to reflect the result that mutually flick.
The PLC correspondence has already come more body now its value, at the PLC and correspondence between PLCs, can pass the communication of the information and the share of the dates to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually, theresult that arrive already to repair with each other. Data conversion the adoption RS232 between PLC connect to come to the transmission data, but the RS232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance, if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the RS485 to carry on the correspondence, the longer distance can pass the MODEL only to carry on deliver.
The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the PLC of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the operation. If the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is the share of the data; But take data in the watch for an instruction procedure that controls the PLC, that had the difficulty very much, for example you have to control one pedestal robot to press the action work that you imagine, you will draw up for it the form that a procedure combine with the data sends out to pass by.
The form that information transport contain single work, the half a work and the difference of a workers .The meaning of the single work also is to say both, a can send out only, but a can receive only, for example a spy he can receive the designation of the superior only, but can't give the superior reply; A work of half is also 2 and can send out similar to accept the data, but can't send out and accept at the same time, for example when you make a phone call is to can't answer the phone, the other party also; But whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data, and can send out and accept at the same time. Be like the Internet is a typical example.
The process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent: The data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data, is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the CPU to send out at the same time, this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send, and is constrained, the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick, but correspondwork time of take up the CPU and also want to be long oppositely, at the same time the technique difficulty also very big. Its request lies in canting have an error margins in a dates deliver, otherwise the whole piece according to compare the occurrence mistake, this on the hardware is a bigger difficulty. Applied more and more extensive in some appropriative equipments, be like the appropriative medical treatment equipments, the numerical signal equipments...etc., in compare the one data deliver, its result is very good.
And the different step is an application the most extensive, this receive benefit in it of technique difficulty is opposite and want to be small, at the same time not need to prepare the specialized clock signal, its characteristics to lie in, its data is partition, the long-lost send out and accept, be the CPU is too busy of time can grind to a stop sex to work, also reduced the difficulty on the hardware, the data throw to lose at the same time opposite want to be little, we can pass the examination of the data to observe whether the data that we send out has the mistake or not, be like strange accidentally the method, tired addition and eight efficacies method etc., can use to helps whether the data that we examine to send out have or not the mistake occurrence, pass the feedback to carry on the discriminator.
A line of transmission of the information contains a string of and combine the cent of: The usual PLC is 8 machines, certainly also having 16 machines. We can be an at the time of sending out the data a send out to the other party, also can be 88 send out the data to the other party, an and 8 differentiations are also the as that we say to send out the data and combine sends out the data. A speed is more and slowly, but as long as 2 or three lines can solve problem, and can use the telephone line to carry on the long range control. But combine the ocular transmission speed is very quick of, it is a string of ocular of 25600%, occupy the advantage in the short distance, the in view of the fact TTL electricity is even, being limited by the scope of one meter generally, it combine unwell used for the data transmission of the long pull, thus the cost is too expensive.
Under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to deposited the machine to establish too and complicatedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it can't do other works.
The conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on todeposited the machine to establish too and complicatedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it can't do other works.
When you are reading the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo come together knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue complete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have the initiative, the PLC had such function .Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, PLC while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first, for example the address of the procedure, CPU of tired add the machine data etc., be like to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, becausewe treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind. The CPU always does the affair that should do according to our will, but your mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.
The interruption is not only a, sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break, break off to have the preferred Class, they will carry out the interruption of the higher Class according to person's request. This kind of breaks off the medium interruption to also became to break off the set. The Class that certainly break off is relevant according to various resources of CPU with internal PLC, also following a heap of capacity size of also relevant fasten.
The contents that break off has a lot of kinds, for example the exterior break off,correspondence in of send out and accept the interruption and settle and the clock that count break off, still have the WDT to reset the interruption etc., they enriched the CPU to respond to the category while handle various business. Speak thus perhaps you can't comprehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption completely also, we do a very small example to explain.
Each equipment always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of, which is nasty to stop the button. When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops all operations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation again. Nasty stop the internal I/ O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU, the CPU carries on to the I/ O to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I/ O automatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing complete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to work. Have 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest Class, thus guarantee the safety.
When we are work a work piece, giving the PLC a signal, counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to compute us for a day of workload, a count the machine and can solve problem in brief, certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity, urging the data not to throw to lose, this is also what we hope earnestly.
The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine, being us while accept some dates of high speed, the high speed that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class, for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously, calculating high-speed signal of the data processor DSP etc., we will adopt the high class to count the machine to help we carry on count. It at the PLC carries out the procedure once discover that the high class counts the machine toshould of interruption, will let go of the work on the hand immediately. The trapezoid diagram procedure that passes by to weave the distance again explains the high class for us to carry out procedure to count machine would automatic performance to should of work, thus rise the Class that the high class counts the machine to high one Class.
You heard too many this phrases perhaps:" crash", the meaning that is mostly is a workload of CPU to lead greatly, the internal resources shortage etc. the circumstance can't result in procedure circulate. The PLC also has the similar circumstance, there is a watchdog WDT in the inner part of PLC, we can establish time that a procedure of WDT circulate, being to appear the procedure to jump to turn the mistake in the procedure movement process or the procedure is busy, movement time of the procedure exceeds WDT constitution time, the CPU turn but the WDT reset the appearance. The procedure restarts the movement, but will not carry on the breakage to the interruption.
The PLC development has already entered for network ages of correspondence from the mode of the one, and together other works control the net plank and I/ O card planks to carry on the share easily. A state software can pass all se hardwires link, more animation picture of keep the view to carries on the control, and cans pass the Internet to carry on the control in the foreign land, the blast-off that is like the absolute being boat No.5 is to adopt this kind of way to make airship go up the sky. The development of the higher layer needs our continuous effort to obtain. The PLC emergence has already affected a few persons fully, we also obtained more knowledge and precepts from the top one experience of the generation, coming to the continuous development PLC technique, push it toward higher wave tide.
可編程控制器技術(shù)討論與未來(lái)發(fā)展
隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,當(dāng)今的技術(shù)也日趨完善、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)愈演愈烈;單靠人工的操作已不能滿足于目前的制造業(yè)前景,也無(wú)法保證更高質(zhì)量的要求和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)的形象。
人們?cè)谏a(chǎn)實(shí)踐中看到,自動(dòng)化給人們帶來(lái)了極大的便利和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量上的保證,同時(shí)也減輕了人員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,減少了人員上的編制.在許多復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)控制、整體優(yōu)化、最佳決策等,熟練的操作工、技術(shù)人員或?qū)＜?、管理者卻能夠容易判斷和操作,可以獲得滿意的效果.人工智能的研究目標(biāo)正是利用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)、模擬這些智能行為,通過(guò)人腦與計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)調(diào)工作,以人機(jī)結(jié)合的模式,為解決十分復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題尋找最佳的途徑。
我們?cè)诟鞣N場(chǎng)合看到了繼電器連接的控制，那已經(jīng)是時(shí)代的過(guò)去，如今的繼電器只能作為低端的基層控制模塊或者簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)備中使用到；而PLC的出現(xiàn)也成為了劃時(shí)代的主題，通過(guò)極其穩(wěn)定的硬件穿插靈活的軟件控制，使得自動(dòng)化走向了新的高潮。
PLC的最大特點(diǎn)在于：電氣工程師已不再電氣的硬件上花費(fèi)太多的心計(jì)，只要將按鈕開(kāi)關(guān)或感應(yīng)器的輸入點(diǎn)連接到PLC的輸入點(diǎn)上就能解決問(wèn)題，通過(guò)輸出點(diǎn)連接接觸器或繼電器來(lái)控制大功率的啟動(dòng)設(shè)備，而小功率的輸出設(shè)備直接連接就可以。
PLC的內(nèi)部包含了具有中央處理器的CPU，并帶有外部I/O口擴(kuò)展的I/O接口地址和存儲(chǔ)器三大塊組成，CPU的核心是由一個(gè)或者多個(gè)累加器組成，它們具有邏輯的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算能力，并能讀取程序存儲(chǔ)器的內(nèi)容通過(guò)計(jì)算后去驅(qū)動(dòng)相應(yīng)的存儲(chǔ)器和I/O接口；I/O口將內(nèi)部累加器和外部的輸入和輸出系統(tǒng)連接起來(lái)，并將相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)存入程序存儲(chǔ)器或者數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器中；存儲(chǔ)器可以將I/O口輸入的數(shù)據(jù)存入存儲(chǔ)器中，并在工作時(shí)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)到累加器和I/O接口上，存儲(chǔ)器分程序存儲(chǔ)器ROM和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器RAM,ROM可以將數(shù)據(jù)永久的存入存儲(chǔ)器中，而RAM只能作為CPU計(jì)算時(shí)臨時(shí)計(jì)算使用的緩沖空間。
PLC的抗干擾是極其優(yōu)秀的，我們根本不用去關(guān)心它的使用壽命和工作場(chǎng)合的惡劣，這些所有的問(wèn)題已不再成為我們失敗的主題，而留給我們的是關(guān)心如何來(lái)利用PLC的內(nèi)部資源為我們加強(qiáng)設(shè)備的控制能力，使我們的設(shè)備更加的柔性。
PLC的語(yǔ)言并不是我們所想象的匯編語(yǔ)言或C語(yǔ)言來(lái)進(jìn)行編程，而是采用原有的繼電器控制的梯形圖，使得電氣工程師在編寫(xiě)程序時(shí)很容易就理解了PLC的語(yǔ)言，而且很多的非電氣專業(yè)人士也對(duì)PLC很快認(rèn)識(shí)并深入。
以上僅僅是PLC的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一，這也是人們比較容易理解的一部分，在很多的設(shè)備中，人們已不再希望看到太多的控制按鈕，它們不但容易損壞而且極易產(chǎn)生人為的失誤，小的并不是主要的失誤也許你還能夠接受；但過(guò)大的甚至是致命的失誤是我們無(wú)法容忍的。新的技術(shù)總是為了給我們帶來(lái)更安全和便捷的操作，使得我們面臨的一大堆問(wèn)題一掃而光，你有了解過(guò)HMI嗎？這里說(shuō)HMI你根本不清楚它是什么，也沒(méi)有興趣了解，換一個(gè)中文把它說(shuō)明為觸摸屏或者人機(jī)界面你就知道了，它和PLC的結(jié)合給了我們更大的空間。
HMI控制不僅僅是減少了控制按鈕，增加控制的靈活性，更主要的它是可順序性的，而且在能夠改變數(shù)據(jù)輸入和數(shù)據(jù)輸出反饋，在溫度控制曲線的模擬也能直觀的顯示出來(lái)。并且能夠通過(guò)編寫(xiě)功能幫助程序來(lái)提供各種力所能及的幫助，使得操作者減少不必要的失誤。HMI的廠商目前也越來(lái)越多，功能也越來(lái)越強(qiáng)，價(jià)格也越來(lái)越低，使用的面越來(lái)越廣。HMI的前景可以說(shuō)十分的被看好。
在很多場(chǎng)合，單靠單機(jī)的控制是無(wú)法保證設(shè)備的順暢運(yùn)行，而通過(guò)設(shè)備與設(shè)備的信息交流達(dá)到我們想要的效果。比如在前包裝和后工序的檢測(cè)，我們就要將包裝的信息反饋到檢測(cè)處，而檢測(cè)處的信息也要反饋到包裝來(lái)。這樣通過(guò)信息共享來(lái)使得兩者之間鏈接起來(lái)，形成一個(gè)共體，從而使的兩者間的配合更加的緊密，在彼此間達(dá)到映影相揮的效果。
PLC的通信已經(jīng)愈來(lái)愈體現(xiàn)它的價(jià)值，在PLC與PLC之間的通信，能夠通過(guò)信息的溝通和數(shù)據(jù)的共享來(lái)保證設(shè)備之間的相互協(xié)調(diào)，已達(dá)到互補(bǔ)的效果。PLC之間的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換采用RS232接口來(lái)傳送數(shù)據(jù)，而RS232接口只能保證10米的傳輸距離，如果在1000米的距離內(nèi)我們可以通過(guò)RS485來(lái)進(jìn)行通信，更長(zhǎng)的距離只能通過(guò)MODEL
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