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編號
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 消防水帶清洗機(jī)清洗裝置設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號： 0823138
學(xué)生姓名： 繆科偉
指導(dǎo)教師： 許文（職稱：副教授）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開題報(bào)告
題目： 消防水帶清洗機(jī)清洗裝置設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號： 0823138
學(xué)生姓名： 繆科偉
指導(dǎo)教師： 許文（職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年11月20日
課題來源
本課題來源于實(shí)際需求。1.消防任務(wù)繁重每次發(fā)生火災(zāi)都需要很多水帶，尤其是在大型火災(zāi)之后，水帶的清洗工作就變得尤其繁重，再加上消防人員身心疲憊，但為了以防萬一又不得不將當(dāng)天用過的水帶進(jìn)行清洗，這樣一來勢必會增加消防人員額外的工作壓力；2.清洗消防水帶耗時、耗人力。一條消防水帶長約25 m，如果人工洗滌，每次清洗時僅憑一人是完成不了的，或者說很難完成。這種現(xiàn)狀已經(jīng)持續(xù)了很久而未得到解決。
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應(yīng)用前景等）
目前，世界各國在清洗消防水帶過程中采用的方法多種多樣，有人工清洗、機(jī)械清洗、化學(xué)清洗、超聲波清洗等等。但發(fā)展至今，都傾向于水射流清。水射流清洗由于其獨(dú)到的優(yōu)勢，現(xiàn)已占清洗份額的80%左右。但在我國，高壓水射流清洗發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)滯后于發(fā)達(dá)國家，水射流清洗只占清洗份額的10%左右，但發(fā)展迅速，每年正以10%的速度增長。將來水射流清洗在我國的清洗業(yè)中必將占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。我國聲場的微小型清洗機(jī)，一般壓力為410MPa.流量為36L/min。在這種形式下，梳刷式消防水帶清洗機(jī)以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、低水耗、操作簡單、成本低廉應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
研究內(nèi)容
對市場現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品及需求進(jìn)行分析對比，使擬定的設(shè)計(jì)方案不但滿足功能要求，而且要結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、安全可靠、操作和維護(hù)方便等；制造成本合理、方案可實(shí)施。在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成下列任務(wù)要求：
1. 消防水帶清洗機(jī)總裝圖一張。建議用A0標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖幅。
2. 消防水帶清洗機(jī)清洗裝置總裝圖。建議用A0標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖幅。
3.所有非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件圖紙。建議用A3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖幅。
4.設(shè)計(jì)說明書一份。
5. 翻譯8000以上外文印刷字符或譯出4000漢字以上的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料或?qū)I(yè)文獻(xiàn)。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)中人工清洗消防水帶的原理，將其改造成為機(jī)械式洗刷。通過電機(jī)帶動水帶，使水帶在水中傳動，傳動的同時靠分布在水槽里的兩個旋轉(zhuǎn)毛刷進(jìn)行梳刷，兩個毛刷分別梳刷水帶的上下兩邊，這樣就可以達(dá)到一次性清洗水帶的目的，并且可以達(dá)到預(yù)期的清洗效果。
水帶清洗機(jī)是一款以電力驅(qū)動，使用水流和毛刷清洗水帶的設(shè)備，其各組成部為：
（一）動力系統(tǒng)
該設(shè)備使用220V交流電源電動機(jī)驅(qū)動，電動機(jī)功率750W，轉(zhuǎn)速1440轉(zhuǎn)/min。另外，該設(shè)備還配有手動搖把，在無電源的情況下可手動清洗。
（二）傳動系統(tǒng)
由離合器、傳動齒輪和傳動皮帶構(gòu)成，將電動機(jī)的驅(qū)動力分別傳動到卷帶輪和清洗刷。配有調(diào)節(jié)裝置，可調(diào)節(jié)輪輪速度。
（三）卷帶系統(tǒng)
即卷帶輪，由傳動皮帶提供動力，通過旋轉(zhuǎn)帶動水帶通過清洗毛刷。
（四）清洗系統(tǒng)
由進(jìn)出水管、清洗毛刷、排水箱和防濺箱等組成。進(jìn)水管為25mm內(nèi)徑鍍鋅管，可外接普通水管或65mm水帶，4根出水管鉆有40～50個出水孔，可從4個方向向水帶噴水。上、下兩個清洗毛刷可高速旋轉(zhuǎn)刷洗水帶。
（五）支架
由鋼板焊接而成，固定設(shè)備各個部分，下有萬向輪，可隨意拖動設(shè)備。 可行性分析：通過各主要部分系統(tǒng)的確定，主要問題可以解決。細(xì)節(jié)問題也可以方便的處理，總的來說，此方案的可行性沒有問題。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年11月07日-2012年11月30日：
教師下達(dá)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，學(xué)生初步閱讀資料，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告。
2012年12月01日-2012年12月18日：
完成開題報(bào)告，對消防水帶清洗機(jī)做大體上的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
2012年12月19日-2012年12月31日：對清洗機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)做出具體計(jì)算。
2013年01月01日-2013年02月30日：用CAD畫出相關(guān)圖片。
2013年03月01日-2013年04月30日：用CAD畫出裝配圖和零件圖。
2013年05月01日-2013年06月31日：寫論文，修改論文。
預(yù)期成果：
1.方案的確定及優(yōu)化。
2.完成機(jī)械部分的設(shè)計(jì)，包括帶輪、電機(jī)、齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)。
3.完成機(jī)械整體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。
4.完成控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
1. 工作高效：清洗機(jī)在達(dá)到同樣刷洗效果的情況下，約是人工刷洗的20倍左右，極大的節(jié)約了工作時間。
2.節(jié)省勞力：啟動清洗機(jī)后，只要輕輕地?fù)u動收帶卡軸手柄即可，勞動強(qiáng)度大大減輕，特別是在高溫、嚴(yán)寒季節(jié)，其優(yōu)越性更為明顯。
3.節(jié)約用水：自來水在正常水壓情況下，只需打開4分水龍頭的二分之一即可，用水量約是人工的1/20左右，尤其是缺水地區(qū)的首選。
4.清洗干凈：清洗機(jī)刷洗受力均勻，清洗干凈，在正常情況下是人工很難達(dá)到的。
5.操作簡便：無需培訓(xùn)，使用時只需啟動開關(guān)，搖動手柄即可。而且機(jī)器配有防水和防漏電保護(hù)裝置，使得運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更加安全可靠。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
已具備的條件：
有充足的圖書資源，可以查找相關(guān)手冊。
錐齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，在機(jī)械原理一書中已學(xué)習(xí)過。
已初步確定方案，對于結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)已有詳細(xì)的步驟。
尚需解決的問題：
傳動部分也是相當(dāng)重要的環(huán)節(jié)，還需要詳細(xì)研習(xí)，才能完成設(shè)計(jì)。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Fire Fighting
Along with the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience, proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion, by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out mistakes.
First, design basis:
The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis:
1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must", "be supposed", "to be suitable", "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits", "should not", "not have", "not to be suitable" the meaning. 2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard, earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion. Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishment Fire detector establishment Opens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage, and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire detector.
The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire detector.
The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request, each 2 ~ 3 or each level installs.
The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole, like the level gate opens between the hole, the air vent, the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.
2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment (Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.
In the public active place (including hall, hall, dining room, multipurpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters".
3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishment
The aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.
The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention, also the sounds of people are confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker, by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the instruction.
4th, fire alarm installment establishment The establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction. The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly
5th, fire special use telephone establishment Installs the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security manages spot and so on public room. Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls. Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button, fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle.
Third, fire linkage control
1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp).
2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition.
3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation.
Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiring In order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. Uses Ming , should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking.
Fifth, concluding remark
The author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.
Ultrasonic Cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning is a good fit for a wide range of applications, from removing swarf and grinding and polishing residue to treating parts covered in oil, grease, or layers of paint. Ultrasonics can be used to clean miniature watch parts or to support the overhaul of jumbo jet engines. And from an industry perspective, the fields of electrotechnics, precision mechanics and light engineering, optics, metal processing, and medical equipment have proven particularly receptive to the ultrasonic concept. So the impact of ultrasonic cleaning is clearly recognizable. But to truly understand the value of ultrasonics, one must understand how ultrasonic cleaners really work.
Ultrasonic Cleaning Explained
The cleansing effect of ultrasound is the product of a phenomenon called cavitation. Billions of minute gas bubbles implode, causing shock waves that undermine dirt and blast it off a part’s surface. One of the key advantages of this process is that it allows users to clean part surfaces that are completely inaccessible to a manual cleaning process. Ultrasound frequencies generally range between 20 kilohertz and 50 kilohertz, depending on application requirements. Ultrasonic cleaning is typically performed at temperatures between 122 F and 176 F . In an ultrasonic cleaning system, cavitation is produced by introducing sound waves into a cleaning liquid by means of a series of transducers mounted to a cleaning tank. The sound travels throughout the tank and creates waves of compression and expansion in the liquid. In the compression wave, the molecules of the cleaning liquid are compressed together tightly. Conversely, in the expansion wave, the molecules are pulled apart rapidly. The expansion is so dramatic that the molecules are ripped apart, creating microscopic bubbles. The bubbles contain a partial vacuum. As the pressure around the bubbles becomes greater, surrounding fluid rushes in and collapses the bubble. When this occurs, a jet of liquid is created, resulting in temperatures as high as 9,032 F (roughly the temperature of the surface of the sun). The extreme temperature, combined with the liquid jet’s velocity, provides a very intense cleaning action. However, because the bubble expansion and collapse cycle is so short, the liquid surrounding the bubble quickly absorbs the heat, preventing the tank and cleaning liquid from becoming overly hot during the cleaning process.
Secrets to Ultrasonic Success
There are seven major concerns related to successful ultrasonic cleaning:
1.Time
2.Temperature
3.Chemistry
4.Part Fixture Design
5.Ultrasonic Output Frequency
6. Watts Per Gallon
7. Loading
Time Cleaning times can vary tremendously in an ultrasonic process, depending largely on how dirty the part is and how clean is clean. A normal trial period is two to 10 minutes, since very few parts are sufficiently clean in a shorter period of time.
Precleaning may be required to remove gross contamination or to chemically prepare the parts for a final clean. Some applications require more than one ultrasonic treatment to complete the required cleaning. Ultrasonic rinsing may also be required in some cases to more thoroughly remove wash chemicals.
Temperature & Chemistry Temperature and chemistry are closely related. Generally, ultrasonic cleaning in an aqueous solution is optimized at 140 F . Some high pH solutions require higher temperatures. The chemical pH is a good place to start; but a thorough examination of chemistry is beyond the scope of this article.
In brief, the following should be considered the main components of aqueous ultrasonic cleaning chemistry:
A.Water (hard, soft, DI, or distilled)
B. pH
C. Surfactants
Wetting agents
Dispersants
Emulsifiers
Saponifiers
D. Optional Ingredients
Sequestrants Inhibitors
Buffering agents
Defoamers
The chemical formulation must consider all of the above characteristics. Some chemicals designed for spray cl