2019-2020年高考英語大題精做15書面表達開放類含解析新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英語大題精做15書面表達開放類含解析新人教版 (半)開放式書面表達：指給出很少的提示或近乎命題作文，這種題要求考生發(fā)揮想象把文章的內(nèi)容合理地表達出來。也有的是給出漫畫、一句話或一種情景，讓考生根據(jù)自己的理解寫作文，即給出漫畫、主題或兩三點提示，由考生去發(fā)揮、構(gòu)思。(半)開放作文形同于書面表達，但又不等同于書面表達，因為書面表達往往給出較為詳細的提示（文字提綱式、文字+圖畫式、或圖表式），考生在組織短文時，完全可以把這些提示當作短文的提綱或線索；考生在表達時，只需沿著這條線索思維即可，留給考生進行發(fā)散思維的空間不多。而(半)開放作文是一種限制相對較少、留給考生更多自由發(fā)揮空間的、考查學生書面表達能力的一種新題型。這種題型只給出主題，也就是說只告訴你正在或?qū)⒁l(fā)生什么事情，至于事情發(fā)生的過程、結(jié)果則完全由考生自己去發(fā)揮，考生的思維完全可以發(fā)散。所以，考生的思路不同，寫出的作文就會是千人千面。標題式標題式(半)開放作文的命題形式往往是要求考生圍繞一個特定的話題去寫作。標題式(半)開放作文實際上相當于漢語的命題式作文，考生只要圍繞題目中所給的特定的話題說明、敘述、舉例，加上談談自己的感想或發(fā)表自己的看法就可以了。漫畫式漫畫式(半)開放作文以北京高考為代表。命題形式往往是要求考生圍繞一幅漫畫去寫作。然而，相對于標題式(半)開放作文而言，漫畫式(半)開放作文的寫作難度更大。?？嘉捏w(半)開放作文的常考文體有兩種：記敘文和議論文。記敘式開放作文一般給出一段材料，然后要求考生沿著材料的縱橫發(fā)展方向，充分發(fā)揮想象力，拓展原材料內(nèi)容；同時運用邏輯推理方法，進行謀篇布局；最后串詞成句，連句成文。總結(jié)起來就是，記敘式(半)開放作文要求考生靈活處理所給材料，做到綜合分析，辯證思考，提煉觀點，力求論點合理，論據(jù)充分，論證嚴密。議論式(半)開放作文則要求考生根據(jù)所提供的信息材料(一般為漫畫)，在描述漫畫信息之余，發(fā)揮自己的想象，展開簡單的議論，并略談自己的觀點和看法?？偨Y(jié)起來就是，議論式(半)開放作文要求考生圍繞所給漫畫的信息，簡要地進行描述，辯證思考，提煉觀點，力求論點合理，發(fā)人深思。值得注意的是：近年來，北京卷(半)開放作文傾向于就圖論事、就圖明理?？梢哉f，議論式(半)開放作文與現(xiàn)在流行的新課改、新課程、新課標非常吻合，也與流行的研究性學習、探究性學習非常一致，既迎合了當前教學潮流，又對潮流有一定的引領和推動作用。因此，考生要注意訓練自己圍繞圖片，總結(jié)寫作要點的能力。另外，看圖類文章的審題難度要略大于文字類文章的審題難度，所以考生在平時的訓練中應該加強對解圖能力的訓練。 第一步、描述漫畫內(nèi)容描述漫畫內(nèi)容的基本條件是看懂漫畫。要求是：審圖要準，定位要清；描述時言簡意賅，不可越位；要注意：不要花太多時間挖掘圖畫深意！因為(半)開放作文不看重你的思想厚度，而看重你的語言質(zhì)量。第二步、闡述對漫畫的理解所謂對漫畫的理解，是指圍繞漫畫反映的基本事實進行較為細致的解釋和自己的看法、感想或人生感悟等。要求是：邏輯清晰，合情合理。根據(jù)以上兩個步驟，我們可以這樣認為：(半)開放作文只要求你做兩件事情，一件是描述圖畫（describe the following picture），另一件是闡述你對圖畫解釋和看法（explain how you understand it）。相應地，你只需要寫兩個段落，一段是描述段，另一段是議論段。 1.描述段的寫法：第一句可以使用如下句式： In the picture, there is等。 描述段的功能就是傳達圖畫中的信息，向讀者交代圖畫內(nèi)容，所以必能使用there be句型。另外，描述段的另一個功用即：為第二段的議論埋下伏筆。 2.議論段的寫法：議論段的首句有個固定的句式，即：In my opinion, the picture is meaningful and wonderful as well.等。如何發(fā)議論呢？所謂議論，就是根據(jù)圖畫信息，表達你的看法、感想。考生不必過深地挖掘圖畫信息，只需用簡單的英文，表達平易的道理。換句話說，只要你能用正確的英文表達你的感想，便贏得了勝利。Writing 1(xx·新課標全國卷I)假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外資公司兼職，已寫好申請書和個人簡歷(resume)。給外教Ms Jenkins 寫信，請她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式(forma)。注意： 1. 詞數(shù)100左右； 2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【參考范文】Dear Ms Jenkins,I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the ing summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital pany. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I dont even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, Im writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.Looking forward to your reply. And Id be really thankful.Yours,Li Hua【名師點睛】本文是一篇較為優(yōu)秀的范文。格式正確，要點全面，語言通順、流暢，很好地完成了寫作任務。在本文中開頭提出寫信的目的，然后具體講述自己的困難，再提出請求，最后表達自己的感激之情。所以在內(nèi)容上邏輯性較強。此外，作者還使用了不定式短語In order to get some practical experience, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語hoping you can give me some help, 賓語從句if there are something to pay attention to等。經(jīng)典句式this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume也是文章的亮點所在。Writing 2(xx·浙江卷)Planning is good, but doing is better是一句英國名言。請以此為題用英語寫一篇100120詞的短文。要求如下： 1. 簡述你對這句名言的理解； 2. 用一個具體事例加以說明； 3. 給出恰當?shù)慕Y(jié)尾。注意：1. 文章的標題已給出（不計詞數(shù)）； 2. 文中不得以任何形式透露地區(qū)、學校、老師或同學姓名等真實信息，否則按作弊行為認定。Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better_【參考范文】Planning Is Good, But Doing Is BetterPlanning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do. However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.My experience in the English speech contest last October is a case in point. A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps. After that, I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic, wrote a speech, and practiced its delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills. I finally came out of the contest as the first prize winner.I know how I achieved my success. It came from good planning and better doing bined.【寫作指導】本文為一篇開放式作文。題目給出標題和提綱。結(jié)合題目可判斷出主要是介紹將計劃付諸實施的重要性。圍繞這個主旨去寫，不能跑題。提綱部分還要求三個方面：1. 簡述你對這句名言的理解；2. 用一個具體事例加以說明；3. 給出恰當?shù)慕Y(jié)尾。這就確定了作文的結(jié)構(gòu)框架。在主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)確定下來后，還要注意文章應用第一人稱和一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時。寫作時發(fā)揮自己的想象，靈活運用英語知識，采用不同的表達方式將文章完整地表述出來。注意要主次分明、詳略得當，語言力求準確、簡潔，同時應選用合適的連接詞或過渡詞，使文章自然連貫。最后要認真查驗是否有漏寫情況、有無拼寫錯誤及標點誤用等?！久麕燑c睛】本篇范文短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，語言簡潔，時態(tài)、人稱準確，很好地完成了寫作任務。在文章開頭，作者緊扣題目，提出自己對plan的理解，同時引出下文，然后用自己的親身經(jīng)歷表明要將計劃付諸實施非常重要。在文中，作者用到了短語in detail, bear no fruit, carry out, set out to等短語，避免了文章表達的單一。此外，還用到了賓語從句how we do和how I achieved my success, 以及句型It came from good planning and better doing bined等，這些都給文章增加了亮點。Writing 3(xx·浙江卷)在班級活動中，當你的想法與大多數(shù)同學不一致時，你是堅持自己的觀點并說服別人，還是尊重大多數(shù)同學的意見？請你以When I Have a Different Opinion為題，用英語寫一篇100120個詞的短文。要求如下：1. 從以上兩種做法中選擇一種；2. 以具體事例闡述你選擇的理由。注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地區(qū)、學校、同學姓名等真實信息。否則，按考試作弊行為認定。When I Have a Different Opinion_【參考范文】Possible version 1:When I Have a Different OpinionWe may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it. By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.Possible version 2:When I Have a Different OpinionWe may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.Writing 4(xx·湖南卷)學校正在組織科技創(chuàng)新大賽，你想為日常生活中某件物品(如鋼筆、書包、鞋子)設計添加新功能來參賽。請以My Magic _為題寫一篇英語短文，介紹你的創(chuàng)意。內(nèi)容：1. 說明設計理由；2. 介紹新功能。注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于120個；2. 不能使用真實姓名和學校名稱。_【參考范文】My Magic ShoesAs is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for it can protect our feet from being hurt. Writing 5(xx·江蘇卷)請根據(jù)你對以下兩幅圖的理解，以"Actions Speak Louder than Words"為題，用英語寫一篇作文。參考詞匯： banner (橫幅)stump (樹樁)你的作文應包括以下內(nèi)容：1.簡要描述兩幅圖的內(nèi)容；2.概述你對兩幅圖中不同做法的理解；3.舉例說明兩幅圖對你的啟示。注意：1.可參照圖片適當發(fā)揮；2.作文詞數(shù)150左右；3.作文中不得提及有關考生個人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。Actions Speak Louder than Words_【參考范文】Actions Speak Louder than WordsPeople celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree Writing1(河北省保定市xx高三摸底考試)進入高三以來，同學們倍感學習壓力，有的同學熬夜學習，甚至課間十分鐘也不放過。假設你是李華，請針對這一現(xiàn)象，在penpal world網(wǎng)站上用英語發(fā)表一下自己的看法，與外國中學生進行交流。 注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右。 2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【參考范文】Hi Fellows,Im Li Hua, a senior high student from China. Id like to share something with you. Since the beginning of senior high, the learning burden makes us students feel more stressed. Many of us often sit up late at night fighting for the College Entrance Exam; even a ten-minute break wont be let go.As far as I know, lack of sleep does great harm to our health. For one thing, we cant concentrate in class if we dont get enough sleep. For another, we may get angry and impatient easily. By the same token, a ten-minute break is definitely necessary, which can help us get rid of tiredness and focus on next class period. A famous proverb goes well, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. How about your situation and opinion?Looking forward to your reply.Writing 2(xx河北衡水名校高考英語一輪復習撬題對點練)近年來，名校受到越來越多的家長和學生的推崇。請你結(jié)合這個現(xiàn)象寫一篇英語短文，分析出現(xiàn)名校熱的原因，并針對這個現(xiàn)象談談你的看法。注意：詞數(shù)100左右。_【參考范文】In recent years, more and more parents want to send their children to famous schools because they think it can ensure that their children go to famous universities.It is true that famous schools are equipped with better teaching facilities. However, not every student is fit for famous schools where there is fierce petition among students. And students there have to work much harder than students in other schools.I hope the government will take effective measures to make sure all the schools provide equally good education. In this way, all the students have equal right to high­quality education.Writing 3(xx江西省重點中學高三模擬)為響應“中國夢我的夢”，彰顯高中生的青春與活力，近期JGEXB(井岡英語學報)發(fā)布了一則征文，體裁為演講稿。征文題目為“I believe I can”。注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100左右；2.格式已給出；3. 可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,_ 【參考范文】Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,Please answer me a question, “Have you ever seen such a scene as the following?” In the morning, when you wake up, open your eyes slowly, look around, you can notice that the light es into your room and smell the fresh air, you can hear the sweet nature voice outside the windows.Yes, yes, yes, what a beautiful day, what a different day, and what a bright day! And most importantly, it is a new journey of your life, a new beginning to make new decisions, take new actions, make new friends, and take your life to a totally new world! In your eyes, you can see clearly the things you want to have, the paces you intend to go, the relationship you desire to develop, and the positions you aspire to reach. You are the only one; I am the only one, too. We are all special and different. Life will be senseless if there is no person.I am myself, so I believe I can! I know every dream will e true if I'm passionate, confident and Writing 1如何理解"合作"，不同的人有不同的看法。請認真閱讀下面的引語(quotation)，按要求用英語寫一篇短文。"United we stand， divided we fall."內(nèi)容要求：1.你對該引語的理解；2.你的相關經(jīng)歷；3.你所得出的結(jié)論。注意：1.短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；2.文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的具體信息；3.詞數(shù)100左右。This quotation tells us that_ 【參考范文】This quotation tells us that unity is strength. Whenever we are faced with difficulties, cooperation plays a significant role in getting us out of trouble. There was a time when I was so skilled in playing basketball that I became so proud. However, after we lost a game due to the fact that I overlooked my partners and refused to cooperate with them, my coach made me realize the importance of cooperation. Later on, not only did I cooperate with others in the game but also I learned to help others and turned to them for help. Surely cooperation made a big difference and helped our team make many achievements.From this experience I learn that only if we attach much importance to cooperation can we win.Writing 2你校英文報紙開辟了一個專欄：Experience。本期話題是如何面對失敗。請你寫一篇英語短文，談談自己的看法。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.短文中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關的信息。_ 【參考范文】As high school students, we have to admit that failure is part of our life. Difficulties can arise now and then, which may cause us repeated failure. And its impossible for us to get rid of them pletely. But we can develop the right attitude towards failure. When faced with failure, I never feel upset, blame others or plain about the environment. Instead, I remain optimistic and regard every failure as an opportunity to learn. If we can draw a lesson from each failure, well be on the right way to success. Therefore, in the face of failure, take your courage. Whats more, if necessary, turn to your classmates and teachers for help.Writing 3請根據(jù)以下提示，并結(jié)合事例，用英語寫一篇短文。We all know that "sticks and stones may break our bones", but we should also be aware that words can hurt people, too.注意：1.無須寫標題，不得照抄英語提示語；2.除詩歌外，文體不限；3.文中不得透露個人姓名和學校名稱；4.詞數(shù)100左右。_ Writing 4請閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150 詞左右的文章。Beauty lies everywhere. One famous person once said, "Its not the lack of beauty in life, but the lack of the eyes to find the beauty."Jim: I have a deep understanding of the sentence. The eyes stand for our attitude towards life. If we hold an optimistic attitude towards life, we are more willing and active to find everything more attractive around us. As a matter of fact, an optimistic person will find daily things more beautiful than a pessimistic person.Linda: People may be easily affected by the surroundings. Whatever we see every day has a real effect on our mindset. Therefore, I think we should learn to change our attitude towards life, and try our best to keep motivated and encouraged. If we keep an eye open for things around us intentionally, we can find there is much more beauty waiting for us.寫作內(nèi)容1.用約30個單詞寫出上文概要；2.用約120個單詞談談你對"保持積極向上的心態(tài)"的看法，并用23個理由或論據(jù)支撐你的看法。寫作要求1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱；3.不必寫標題。評分標準內(nèi)容完整,語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。_【參考范文】As we all know, various people hold various attitudes towards life. Optimistic people are often delighted to find beauty everywhere and the beauty is always ready for those who are active and optimistic.From my point of view, having an optimistic attitude can make a great difference in life. First, being active and optimistic plays a role in changing our attitude towards life, thus changing the way we perform and act, and finally bettering our bodily functions. That is to say, the optimistic mindset is of great benefit to us physically and mentally.Besides, this kind of mindset is helpful in improving peoples social relationships. Thats why an active and optimistic person is always surrounded by a large number of friends. My opti