鏈傳動雙向伸出貨叉的結構設計

鏈傳動雙向伸出貨叉的結構設計,鏈傳動雙向伸出貨叉的結構設計,鏈傳動,雙向,伸出,結構設計 山東輕工業(yè)學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）中期進展報告表 學 院 機械工程學院 專業(yè)班級 機械05-4班 學生姓名 金玉良 學 號 200501042122 導師姓名 范維華 設計（論文）題 目 鏈傳動雙向伸出貨叉設計 根據(jù)設計要求和貨叉性能參數(shù)，在老師的指導下，前段時間主要完成了開題報告、英文翻譯、實習報告的工作，并查閱相關的資料，擬定了設計方案。初步完成了貨叉中動力裝置的選擇，傳動機構的設計，貨叉整體裝配圖。 電動機的選擇主要根據(jù)貨叉所承載貨物的重量來估計，計算出行走輪在導軌上的摩擦力。摩擦系數(shù)的選擇查閱了機械設計手冊。根據(jù)摩擦力和設計要求的水平行走速度初步計算出電機功率。然后，根據(jù)各級傳動機構的效率來確定電動機功率。 電機輸出的功率通過聯(lián)軸器傳到主動鏈輪，主動鏈輪通過鏈條將電動機功率輸出來帶動中層貨叉運動，上叉的運動由鏈輪實現(xiàn)從而完成貨物的存取。鏈輪鏈條傳動的設計參考了機械設計手冊，根據(jù)電機輸出轉速以及傳遞功率計算出鏈輪的一系列參數(shù)。 完成了電動機功率輸出軸的設計，實現(xiàn)了鏈輪、張緊鏈輪的定位，并對軸進行了應力校合。應力校合根據(jù)第三強度理論，對彎扭組合變形進行應力計算。 在設計過程中，自己遇到的問題在老師和同學的幫助下，基本上都得到了解決。在以后的設計中將繼續(xù)查閱相關資料，參考現(xiàn)有的設施對裝配圖進行優(yōu)化。同時繪制零件圖。 根據(jù)設計要求，在老師的指導下，順利完成各項工作。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2009　年　05　月　22　日 指導教師評價意見 1．設計（論文）進展情況評價 （基本完成計劃、部分完成計劃、沒有完成計劃） 2．學生工作態(tài)度情況評價 　　　 （認真、一般、較差） 3．已完成設計（論文）質量評價 （較好、一般、較差） 4．設計（論文）不足之處及改進意見 指導教師簽字： 年 月 日 注：每名學生填寫一份，并由指導教師填寫意見、簽字后，返還學生歸檔。 山　東　輕　工　業(yè)　學　院 畢業(yè)實習報告 院系名稱 機 械 工 程 學 院 學生姓名 金 玉 良 專業(yè)班級 機械設計制造及其自動化05-4 指導教師 范 維 華 二○○九 年 四 月 十五 日 1 時間 地 點 實習內容（講座、參觀、車間工作、總結等） 指導教師 備注 3月10日 2#JT404 講座：畢業(yè)實習動員大會 高進 宮濤 萬金領 3月11日 學校 統(tǒng)計實習人數(shù)、通報實習地點 宮濤 3月12日至 4月3日 圖書館、網絡 查閱相關資料、了解實習單位情況 宮濤 4月6日 中國第一拖拉機集團有限公司 到達實習單位，準備實習 張玉偉 宮濤 王明祿 4月7日 中國第一拖拉機集團有限公司 上午：進廠安全教育講座 下午：參觀一拖第一裝配廠 張玉偉 宮濤 王明祿 4月8日 中國第一拖拉機集團有限公司 上午：參觀一拖齒輪加工廠 下午：集中講授發(fā)動機有關知識 張玉偉 宮濤 王明祿 4月8日 中國第一拖拉機集團有限公司 上午：參觀一拖第一發(fā)動機廠、第三裝配廠 下午：自由活動 張玉偉 宮濤 王明祿 4月9日 中國第一拖拉機集團有限公司 實習總結、準備回校 張玉偉 宮濤 王明祿 4月10日 學校 回校 張玉偉 宮濤 王明祿 4月17日 下午 濟南煙草物流公司 參觀煙草的分揀、倉儲物流系統(tǒng)，部長對系統(tǒng)流程做了詳細的介紹 范維華 金玉良實習報告 一、 實習目的或研究目的 1、實習目的和意義 1）、驗證和擴大本專業(yè)的相關內容，為畢業(yè)設計做準備 通過畢業(yè)實習具體參觀常用機械設備，進一步加深我們對機械這一行業(yè)的認識，并從實際上驗證和擴大理論知識，使我們完成從理論到實際的轉變。 2）、具體觀摩企業(yè)產品的生產、管理過程 在生產實習的基礎上進一步熟悉企業(yè)的生產過程，從總體上了解一產品從設計、加工、裝配、調試到出廠的過程；同時培養(yǎng)學生樹立理論聯(lián)系實際的工作作風，以及在生產現(xiàn)場將所學過的理論知識加以驗證、深化、鞏固和充實，并培養(yǎng)學生進行調查、研究、分析和解決工程實際問題的能力。 3）、了解企業(yè)工廠的組織結構及組織管理 通過企業(yè)各廠房負責人的介紹，了解企業(yè)的構成，熟悉企業(yè)的組織結構和管理方法。 4）、虛心向工人師傅學習，為以后就業(yè)做好準備 通過向工人師傅、工程技術人員學習產品加工和操作方法，培養(yǎng)正確的工作和為人處事的態(tài)度，增加對自己專業(yè)的認識，為以后進入企業(yè)就業(yè)做好認識準備。 2、實習公司簡介 1）、中國一拖集團有限公司 ?中國一拖集團有限公司是我國“一五”時期興建的 156 個重點建設項目之一。一拖公司目前已發(fā)展成為以農業(yè)裝備、工程機械、動力機械、車輛和零部件制造為主要業(yè)務的大型綜合性機械制造企業(yè)集團，最大的子公司——第一拖拉機股份有限公司是我國唯一在香港上市的農機制造企業(yè)。一拖公司所擁有的“東方紅”商標為中國“馳名商標”，五十年來，累計為社會提供大中小型拖拉機、工程機械、動力機械等產品 300 多萬臺，向國家上繳利稅 45 多億元，相當于建廠初期國家投資的 16 倍。一拖公司擁有國家首批認定的 42 家國家級企業(yè)技術中心。 2003 年至今，完成省級自主創(chuàng)新新產品、新技術鑒定 27 項，獲得中國機械工業(yè)科學技術獎、?。ㄊ校┛萍歼M步獎等 67 項。 ???? “十一五”期間，一拖公司通過建設拖拉機、壓路機、非道路柴油機等全國或區(qū)域性產業(yè)基地，將一拖建設成為國內先進裝備制造企業(yè)，為實現(xiàn)“中原崛起”和新農村建設做出更大的貢獻。 作為共和國農機工業(yè)的“長子”，一拖集團公司得到毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民、胡錦濤等黨和國家領導人的親切關懷。1959年10月，周恩來總理在視察一拖時諄諄教導：“你們是中國的第一啊，要出中國第一的產品，出中國第一的人才，創(chuàng)造中國第一的業(yè)績”，周總理的教誨后來被一拖人尊為企業(yè)的核心價值觀。1995年，一拖建廠四十周年慶典前夕，江澤民總書記親筆題詞：“發(fā)揚一拖精神，為農業(yè)現(xiàn)代化作出新貢獻”。這里，是中國第一臺拖拉機、第一臺壓路機和第一臺軍用越野汽車的誕生地，“東方紅”這個響亮的名字，見證了新中國農機工業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史和改革開放的全過程。 ?經過五十余年的發(fā)展，一拖已經由建廠初期的農機制造企業(yè)，發(fā)展成為以農業(yè)機械、工程機械、動力機械、車輛和零部件制造為主要業(yè)務的大型綜合性機械制造企業(yè)集團。 ??? 五十多年來，一拖累計為社會提供了200多萬臺拖拉機和100多萬臺工程機械和動力機械，大中小型拖拉機市場占有率和社會保有量居全國首位。改革開放以來，累計向100多個國家和地區(qū)出口數(shù)萬臺拖拉機、壓路機等產品，出口創(chuàng)匯數(shù)億美元。 ??? 2008年2月20日，國務院國資委正式批準了國機集團與一拖集團重組方案，這是中國裝備制造業(yè)的一件大事，也是一拖發(fā)展進程中的又一個歷史性時刻，中國一拖，又面臨重新打造“東方紅”的歷史性機遇。 2）濟南煙草物流公司 二、 實習內容及要求 1、企業(yè)有關負責人對我們進行了安全教育講座，增強我們的安全意識。 2、參觀工廠如何組織生產和技術管理，企業(yè)概況，生產的主要產品和主要加工設備 3、進一步學會如何閱讀圖紙，了解加工產品結構和用途、技術要求、結構工藝與技術制造工藝性、零件的合理性。 4、觀察設備的加工過程，了解各種不同傳動方式的傳動裝置。 5、學習思考各種不同機床夾具的定位原理及輔助裝置的結構。 6、企業(yè)負責人對氣缸的生產工藝流程做了詳細的講解。 首先給我們介紹了機體的情況：1）機體是骨架，需要有足夠的剛性和強度。2）材料：氣缸體的材料是球墨鑄鐵 鋁合金 然后給我們介紹了氣缸體和氣缸套的形式：1) 平分式：上曲軸箱、底平面一體品平分線右同一個平面上。2)龍門式氣缸體：剛性、強度較好、大型機、組合式、滾動軸承。3)氣缸套：灰口鑄體、耐磨. 4)氣缸套：干式氣缸套裝入氣缸體后，其外壁不直接與冷卻水接觸，而和氣缸體的壁面直接接觸，壁厚較薄，一般為1～3mm。 濕式氣缸套裝入氣缸體后，其外壁直接與冷卻水接觸，氣缸套僅在上、下各有一圓環(huán)地帶和氣缸體接觸，壁厚一般為5～9mm。 最后給我們講解了氣缸體的具體工藝。 7、具體從整體層次了解一種產品如何從設計、加工、裝配、調試、包裝、出廠的過程，為畢業(yè)后進廠工作做好準備 8、去濟南煙草物流公司進行參觀實習，對物流系統(tǒng)的分揀、倉儲有了初步的了解，對物流系統(tǒng)中一些機械零部件有了初步的認識。 三、 實習總結和體會 本次實習以參觀為主、講座為輔。通過帶隊老師的指導以及企業(yè)有關負責人的介紹，我們對中國一拖有了更深的了解，同時系統(tǒng)的了解了產品的整個生產過程，將我們所學的理論知識和實際生產結合起來。下面就是本次實習的一些總結和體會。 首先，通過實習，使我了解到作為一個企業(yè)在為社會創(chuàng)造價值的同時安全是首要任務 通過進行進廠安全教育講座，我們知道了進入一個企業(yè)要注意的問題，這不僅是出于企業(yè)效率的考慮，更是對人身安全的負責。比如在此次參觀實習的中國一拖中，新進員工要進行三級安全教育，告訴我們在工廠中不要穿拖鞋、要戴好勞保用品、要將長頭發(fā)束起、不準開袖口、在加工點不要打鬧、不要吸煙喝酒等等。無規(guī)矩不成方圓，一個企業(yè)無論從哪個方面考慮都應該有一套自己的規(guī)章制度。這次實習，加深了我對自己行為舉止的認識，為以后進入企業(yè)要注意什么問題有了了解。 其次，態(tài)度決定一切，要有團隊意識，要有不斷學習、不斷追求、不斷創(chuàng)新的精神 工作后我們不可能在想在學校一樣有老師督促學習，有考試可以檢驗學習成果，而是一切要靠自己主動去學去爭取，老職工可以幫助你少走彎路，企業(yè)還可以通過不斷的培訓來提高你的專業(yè)能力，所以我們一定要學會自主學習；再者在企業(yè)里要有積極的工作態(tài)度，在單位里你作為其中的一份子不只在為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造利潤，同時也在提高自己，所以我們要積極主動地向別人學習，爭取多做事、少說話，這樣才能多積累進而提高自己；還有在企業(yè)中要有團隊精神，要有基本的禮貌，要有欣欣向榮的進取精神，這樣才能展現(xiàn)企業(yè)的精神面貌。 再次，拓寬了自己的知識面，對自己有了重新定位 這次實習，通過參觀中國一拖和濟南煙草物流中心，使我了解到科技的力量，真正體會到科技是第一生產力的內涵。同時從實際方面拓寬了我們的眼界和知識面；經過和一線師傅的聊天，對自己以后的工作有了重新定位。在工作中要有不怕累、不怕苦的精神，要知道剛進企業(yè)你不能立即為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造利潤，也需要到車間工作一段時間，這都是可以理解的，要找準自己的位置，不能為此對企業(yè)心生不滿。 最后，在實習中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多自己的不足 一、缺乏工作經驗，因為沒有離開校園，所以在一些參觀學習重點難點方面，分不清主次，我想隨著以后的工作的進行，經驗必定會得到積累的；二、工作學習態(tài)度仍不夠積極，在實習期間，對老師布置的任務不能很好的完成，對一些難點技術問題，不能很好的查閱資料完成，沒有任務時不能自主學習；三、態(tài)度不夠認真，在企業(yè)中只有嚴謹認真的工作態(tài)度，有追求完美的精神，更要有不斷進取的毅力，這樣才能不斷提高自己，為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造更多的價值，從而實現(xiàn)自己的人生價值。 指導教師評語： 實習成績： 指導教師： 年 月 日 6 山東輕工業(yè)學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告 課題名稱 鏈傳動雙向伸出貨叉的結構設計 課題類型 工程設計X 導師姓名 范維華 學生姓名 金玉良 學 號 200501042122 專業(yè)班級 機械05-4 一. 目的及意義 鏈傳動雙向伸出貨叉是現(xiàn)代倉儲物流系統(tǒng)的重要設備之一，是有軌巷道堆垛機的主要工作裝置，其作用是隨載貨臺沿有軌巷道堆垛機立柱軌道上下升降運動，在作業(yè)貨位停準定位，進行叉取作業(yè)。本課題設計的鏈傳動雙向伸出貨叉主要用于教學和研究目的，可廣泛應用于高等學校物流實驗室中，作為物流實驗裝置。近年來，隨著企業(yè)生產與管理的不斷提高，越來越多的企業(yè)認識到物流系統(tǒng)的改善與合理性對企業(yè)提高生產率、降低成本非常重要。 二.目前現(xiàn)狀 現(xiàn)代產業(yè)物流管理中，產品和原材料采用現(xiàn)代化立體倉庫周轉儲運是發(fā)展方向。現(xiàn)代儲運立體倉庫通常由固定的立體貨架和自動化堆垛機2部分構成，由堆垛機實現(xiàn)物料自動化入庫出庫。而貨叉是有軌巷道堆垛機裝置中重要的存物取貨機構。貨叉下?lián)隙?，是堆垛機的一項非常重要的性能參數(shù)，直接關系到堆垛機是否能正常工作。因結構型式、材料及加工熱處理工藝的限制，同等狀況下，目前國內立體堆垛機的貨叉下?lián)隙纫葒獯?0%~30%。改進貨叉結構，合理選材，提高工藝手段，是減少貨叉下?lián)隙?，保證堆垛機工作性能的重要措施。 世界主要工業(yè)國家都把著眼點放在開發(fā)性能可靠的新產品和采用高新技術上，更加注重實用性和安全性。在堆垛機貨叉方面，我們應當看到和世界發(fā)達國家的差距，總結經驗，找出不足，打破傳統(tǒng)思路，推出新的外形和更高性能的堆垛機。 相信，通過我們的不斷努力，必能設計出結構安全、可靠性能高的堆垛機貨叉，為增強我國綜合國力，為我國填補一分科技空白。 三．研究設計內容 堆垛機的主要機械動作有轉運車巷道運輸行走, 貨物周轉箱自動提升下落, 貨叉伸縮向立體貨架存物取貨。其中, 貨叉的自動伸縮機構設計難度最大, 主要體現(xiàn)在（1）為了盡可能合理利用立體貨架空間, 自動伸縮貨叉機構在滿足剛度要求的前提下, 應盡可能降低自身高度, 結構也不宜復雜龐大。（2）為使貨物在立體貨位上擺放整齊, 穩(wěn)定可靠, 貨叉伸出行程應大于等于物品周轉貨箱的長度。（3）為使堆垛機存物取貨動作靈活可靠, 貨叉伸縮機構應盡可能減小摩擦阻力和機構運動間隙。（4）根據(jù)巷道堆垛機的工作空間限制, 為使貨叉結構緊湊, 盡可能降低造價, 伸縮貨叉的原動機應重量輕、體積小,動作行程短, 滿足貨叉雙向伸縮的工作行程要求。 設計要求：貨叉長度500mm，貨叉寬度300mm，貨叉伸出長度550mm，貨叉負重100kg。中叉運動鏈傳動，上叉采用鏈傳動倍增機構。要求定位精準，效率高，可靠性高，結構緊湊，并具有一定的智能化。此設計屬開發(fā)設計。 四．研究設計方法及技術路線 貨叉裝置是堆垛機存取貨物的執(zhí)行機構，裝設在堆垛機載貨臺上。貨叉可以橫向伸縮，以便兩側貨格送入或取出貨物。貨叉一般采用三級直線差動式伸縮貨叉，由上叉、中叉、下叉（固定叉）及起導向作用的滾針軸承等組成，以減少巷道的寬度，且使之具有足夠的伸縮行程。貨叉的動作包括伸叉、微起升（微下降）、收叉三個動作。貨叉的結構形式采用鏈輪——鏈條方式。下叉安裝在載貨臺上，中叉可在鏈輪鏈條的驅動下，從下叉的中點下左或向右伸出比自身長度一半稍長的長度。上叉由兩根滾子鏈驅動，鏈條的一端固定在下叉或載物臺上，另一端固定在上叉上。貨叉機構的傳動原理是由電動機通過限力矩聯(lián)軸器、減速機、鏈輪和鏈條帶動貨叉?zhèn)鲃渔溳喪股喜婊蛑胁孀魃炜s運動。限力矩聯(lián)軸器可防止貨叉伸出時卡住或遇障礙物而損壞電動機。 五． 畢業(yè)設計時間安排 3月中旬：領取設計題目 3月中旬到4月初：查閱相關資料，初步提出設計方案 4月6日到10日：進行畢業(yè)實習 4月下旬：撰寫開題報告和實習報告，并提出設計方案 4月下旬到5月初：進行結構方案設計，繪制裝配草圖 5月初到六月初：進行設計計算，對方案中涉及到的各軸、軸承、齒輪、鍵、帶等零部件進行選擇并對其剛度、強度等進行核算，并繪制零件圖、裝配圖 6月上旬：整理、編寫任務說明書，并打印零件圖、裝配圖、任務說明書，準備畢業(yè)答辯 六．參考文獻： 1、張曉川.現(xiàn)代倉儲物流技術與裝備.北京：化學工業(yè)出版社，2003 2、孟初陽.物流設施與設備.北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2003 3、姜大力.現(xiàn)代物流裝備.北京：首都經濟貿易大學出版社2004 4、蒲良貴，機械設計.北京：高等教育出版社，2001 指導教師意見： 指導教師： 2009 年 月 日 注：課題類型填寫：工程設計、技術開發(fā)、軟件工程、理論研究等，同時注明X—真實課題；Y—模擬課題；Z—虛擬課題 At present mold technology development tendency current Industrial production characteristic is the product variety many, renews quick and the market competition is intense. In this kind of situation, the user the request which makes to the mold is "the date of delivery short", "the precision high", "the quality good", "the price is low". The mold technology development will be supposed to adapt with these requests) 。 （1） comprehensively will push in the mold design manufacture CAD/CAM/CAE the technique mold CAD/CAM/CAE technology, is a mold technological development important milestone. The practice proved that, the mold CAD/CAM/CAE technology is the mold design manufacture development direction. Now, comprehensively popularizes the CAD/CAM/CAE technology the condition basically to be mature. Along with the microcomputer software development and the progress, the technical training work also day by day simplify. In in the popularization promotion mold CAD/CAM technology process, should hold the opportunity, key support domestic product mold software development and application; Enlarges technical training and technical service dynamics; Further expands the CAE technology the application scope. Has the condition the enterprise to be supposed positively to complete the mold CAD/CAM technology the deepened application work, namely the development enterprise information project, may from CAPP PDM CIMS VR, gradually deepen and the enhancement. Uses in mold design manufacture computer software, to the intellectualization, the integrated direction will develop 。 （2）fast prototype system （RPM） and the correlation technology will obtain well sends Fast prototype system （RPM） the technology is US first promotes. It is following, is one kind of brand-new manufacture technology which the computer technology, the laser forming technology and the new material technology development produces, is/piles up (namely the material tired )potential forming thought based on the novel separate, according to the components CAD model, fast automatically completes the complex three dimensional entity (model) to make. TheRPM technology is the collection precision machinery manufacture, the computer, the NC technology, the laser forming technology and the materials science most recent development high tech technology, is recognized after is continues the NC technology a technological revolution。 The RPM technology may be direct or indirectly use in the mold manufacture. First is firmly conceals SLA through the three-dimensional light), folds the level solid system (LOM), the laser electoral district agglutinates (SLS), three dimensional hits minister 3D-P), fuses deposits FDM) and so on the different method to obtain the workpiece prototype. Then through some traditional fast pattern making methods, obtains the long life the metal mold or the nonmetallic low life mold. Mainly has the precision casting BR powder metallurgy, the electrolytic casting and the melt shoots (hotly spurts drips and so on the method. This method pattern making, has technological advance, the cost lower, the design manufacture cycle is short, the precision suitable medium characteristic, to the manufacture completes from the mold conceptual design, only is the tradition processing method needs the time dish 1/3 and about cost 1/4. Therefore, the fast pattern making technology and the fast prototype manufacture technology union, will be the traditional fast pattern making technology further thorough development direction. Makes the prototype after the RPM technology, or uses the material object, the use to revolve casts makes the mold with the rubber to be possible fast, the low cost to make the small batch components, the prospects for development is very good. The RPM technology also may solve the graphite electrode pressure vibration (to grind) center the female mold (electrode to grind has) makes the difficult question, causes this law to obtain the new student. The Qingdao Haire mold limited company has also constructed based on RE (the reversion project technique /RPM mold parallel development system, has the development quality high, the development cost low and the development cycle is short and so on the merit 。 （3）the fast cut processing will obtain a more widespread application The overseas recent years developed the high speed cut processing, the main axle rotational speed might 40000-100000r/min, be quick speed may reach for the speed stabs 0-40r/min, the acceleration may reach 1g, traded the knife time to be possible to enhance 1-2s. Like this large scale enhanced the processing efficiency, and may obtain Ra <= mu m the processing surface roughness. Moreover, but also may process degree of hardness 60HRC the module, has formed to the electric spark forming processing challenge. The high-speed cutting processing and the tradition machining compares also has lowly (the processing work piece only to rise , the thermal deformation is small and so on the merit. At present it to higher has been agile, the intellectualization, the integrated direction develops. High speed cut must with corresponding software, the processing craft, the cutting tool and its clamps to coordinate. The high speed cut processing technology development, promoted the mold processing technology development, to the automobile, in the electrical appliances profession the large-scale cavity mold manufacture has specially poured into the new vigor 。 （4）The mold rapid scanning and the digitized system will display in the reversion project does in a big way。 The high speed scanner and the mold sweeping system, obtained the application in our country more than 200 molds factories spot, obtains the good effect. This system has provided scans from the model or the material object to processes many functions which the expectation the model needs, greatly reduced the mold in the development manufacture cycle. Some rapid scannings system, but fast installs in already the numerical control milling machine and in the processing center which has, with leini Shao's SP2-1 scanning measured the realization fast data acquisition, the gathering data may automatically produce each different numerical control system through software the processing procedure and the different form CAD data, uses in the mold manufacturing industry "the reversion project". High speed scanner scanning velocity most Gao Ke3 m/min, greatly reduced the mold manufacture cycle。 Because the mold sweeping system in profession and so on automobile, motorcycle, electrical appliances has achieved success the application, believed will play the major role in the period of the first five-year plan. The reversion project and the parallel project will play the more and more vital role in the next mold production。 （5）The electric spark cut processing technology will obtain the development The electric spark cut processing technology also is called the electric spark to create the processing technology, this is one substitution tradition with takes shape the electrode processing cavity new technology, it has the simple tubular electrode which high speed revolves to make three dimensional or the two-dimensional outline processing (likes the numerical control mill one) , therefore no longer needs to make complex takes shape the electrode, this obviously is the electric spark forming processing domain significant development. Overseas had uses this technology the engine bed to apply in the mold processing. Estimated this technology will obtain the development 。 （6）The superfinishing and the compound processing will obtain the development Department and so on aerospace has applied a nanotechnology, must have to have the superelevation precision the mold manufacture superelevation precision components. Along with the mold to is precise and the large-scale direction develops, processing precision ultra 1mu technology and so on m superfinishing technology and collection electricity, chemistry, ultrasonic wave, laser synthesizes in the together compound processing will obtain the development. Will have both two kind of above crafts characteristics the compound processing technology to have broad front Pu in the next mold manufacture。 （7）The hot flow channel technology will obtain the promotion Because uses the hot flow channel technology the mold to be possible to enhance workpiece the productivity and the quality, and can large scale save the workpiece the raw material and saves the energy, therefore widely applies this technology is a plastic mold big transformation. Overseas hot flow channel technology development very quick, many plastics molds factory production mold had one partly uses the hot flow channel technology, some factories 8% above, the effect extremely has been even obvious 。 The home in the last few years started to promote the application, but the overall cannot achieve 10%, the individual enterprise has achieved about 30%. Draws up the hot flow channel primary device the national standard, positively produces the moderate price high grade primary device, is develops the hot flow channel technology key 。 （8）Gas assistance craft and so on injection technology and high-pressured injection forming further will send 。 The gas assistance injection forming is one kind of plastic forming new craft, it has the injection pressure low, the product warp distorts young, the surface quality good as well as is easy to form merit and so on wall thickness difference bigger product, may in under the guarantee product quality premise, large scale reduce the cost. Overseas quite has been mature. Domestic at present gradually is promoting the use in the automobile and in the electrical appliances profession. The gas assistance injection forming package takes the BR plastic melt body injection friendly to cause generally to use the nitrogen) to inject forms two parts, has the more crafts parameter compared to the traditional ordinary injection craft to need to determine and to control, moreover the gas assistance injection commonly used to a more complex large-scale product, the mold design and the control difficulty is bigger, therefore, development gas assistance forming flow analysis software, appears extremely importantly 。 In order to guarantee the plastic precision, will continue to study the development high pressure injection forming craft and the mold as well as the injection compression takes shape the craft and the mold. In the injection forming, affects the forming precision the biggest factor forms the contraction. The high-pressured injection forming may force the tree shrinkage, the increase plastic size stability. The mold request rigidity is good, bears the high pressure. Specially the precision mold the cavity should quench, is dense：A. The forming partial planted agent manages slightly; B. May obtain the shrink hole few thick walls forming; C. Regarding models a narrow part also to be possible to pour into the resin; D. Can obtain the fine product with the small injection strength. This kind of mold ideal mold structure is: A. When injection resin by low flow resistance rapidly filling cavity; B. After fills can interdict the pouring oral area immediately. C. The compressibility effect should only the being restricted in cavity department。 The metal, the ceramic powder injection forming craft process "75", "85" the technical attack, "95" starts the industry. This craft is suitable for the manufacture geometry shape complex, precise and has the special request small zero to imitate （0.2-200 ）, production efficiency high, is easy to realize the mass production. Will coordinate this craft the mold to send along with this craft development 。 （9）The mold hydroform technology further will develop should The hydroform craft is the mold rises one craft method which the shape technology uses, in the past and so in the similar product obtained the widespread application in the belt pulley, at present this technology has developed the automobile profession, used its technological process in the automobile spare part production is: Using the fitting or in two steel plates between, under the seal condition, through pours into the high-pressure oil, causes it the cavity to suppress according to the mold needs the shape the workpiece. This method simplified the mold structure and reduced the vice- number, overcame the material has seriously changed the thin condition in the convention forming process, improved the product quality, large scale reduced the production cost. Presently the Shanghai volkswagenwerk's B5 vehicle type product uses this craft to become 。 But as a result of the formed craft limit, certain curving changed the big component along the ordinate axis section still not to be suitable. Moreover, lies between the forming bribes the high pressure along to transmit between the plate or the fitting introduction question, solved not very is still satisfied. Therefore waits for further develops this craft, obtains the development in more domains to be supposed 。 （10）The mold standardization degree unceasingly will enhance Our country mold standardization degree unceasingly is enhancing, estimated present our country mold standard letter use putor has reached stabs about 30%. The overseas developed country generally is about 80%. In order to adapt the mold industrial development, the mold standardization work will certainly to strengthen, the mold standardization degree further will enhance, the mold standard letter production also will will certainly to obtain the development。 (11) in order to adapt to the mold life request, the high quality material and the advanced surface treatment technology further will receive heavily In the entire mold price constitution, the material accounts for the proportion not to be big, generally between 10%-30%, therefore selects the high quality steel products and the application corresponding surface treatment technology enhances the mold the life to appear extremely essential. As for the molding tool steel that, must use the electricity dregs heavy melt craft, diligently enhances the steel the purity, dengxian, sends the density and uniform and the development high performance or the special performance molding tool steel. If uses the powder metallurgy craft manufacture the powder high-speed steel and so on. The powder high-speed steel solved carbide which in the original high-speed steel smelting process produced to be thick and the segregation, thus influence material quality question. Its carbide tiny, organization even, does not have the material directivity, therefore it has toughness high, rubs truncates the technology capability well, the resistance to wear is high, the elder uses the size steadily to grade the characteristic, is one kind has the development future very much the steel products. Specially complex flushes and the high speed ramming mold to the shape, its superiority is more prominent. This kind of steel products also are suitable to the injection take shape the increase glass fiber or the metal powder reinforced plastics mold, like cavity, shape core, jiaoko and so on major component. Moreover, the molding tool steel variety specification diversification, the product concentrated feed, the product, reduces supplies goods the time also is the important direction as far as possible. Other high quality mold material like hard alloy, ceramic material, compound material and so on expanded application, also is extremely important 。 Mold heat treatment and surface treatment whether can fully display the molding tool steel material performance the essential link. The mold heat treatment development direction uses the vacuum heat treatment. The mold surface treatment eliminates consummates the popularization common surface processing method, namely expands infiltrates for example: The cementation, intan, inpen, inluo, infiltrates outside the vanadium, should develop the equipment to be expensive, the craft advanced gas phase deposition (TiN, TiC ), the plasma spurts spreads and so on the technique 。 Because the aluminum alloy material weight light, the cutting value good, the heat conduction daodianlv high, the welding performance is fine, makes the mold material with it to be possible to reduce the pattern making cycle and reduces the mold cost, also uses in the plastic mold to be possible 10,0000above lives, therefore carries on the high-speed cutting with the aluminum alloy to manufacture the fast economical mold to obtain a more widespread use in the world, our country also started to use. Estimated from now on will be able to obtain a quicker development 。 （12）The mold will grind polishes to the automation, the intellectualized direction develops The mold surface precision work is in the mold processing has not been able one of very good solution difficult problems. The mold surface quality to mold aspect and so on service life, workpiece outward appearance quality had a more tremendous influence, our country at present still to the handwork grinds polishes primarily, not only the efficiency low (approximately composed the entire mold cycle dish1 /3), also the worker labor intensity was big, the quality was unstable, has restricted our country mold processing to the higher level development. Therefore, the research polishes the automation, the intellectualization are the important development tendency. Japan has developed the numerical control grinder, may realize the three dimensional curved surface mold automation to grind polishes. Moreover, because the mold cavity shape is complex, any kind grinds polishes the method all to have the certain limitation. Should specially pay attention to the development to grind with polishes the method, like the extrusion grinds, the electrochemistry polishes, supersonic polishes as well as compound polishes the craft and the equipment, improves the mold surface quality。 （13）Mold automatic processing system development and development Along with each kind of new technical rapid development, overseas appeared the mold automatic processing system. This also is our country long term development goal. The mold automatic processing system should have the following characteristic: Many engine beds reasonable combination; Has accompanies to locate the jig or to locate the plate; Has the integrity the machines and tools, the cutting tool numerical control storehouse; Has the integrity the numerical control flexible synchronous system; Has the quality to monitor the control system department 。 （14）The hypothesized technology will obtain the development The computer and the network development is causing the hypothesized technology possibly to become. The hypothesized technology may form the hypothesized spatial environment, the realization hypothesized cooperation design, the manufacture, the cooperation research development, until establishment hypothesized enterprise. "95" the period mold profession started to explore regarding this, the period of the first five-year plan should have the development。 （15）Faces, high speed, comfortable, the style development along with the automobile, the automobile body mold on the one hand must adapt the new automobile body manufacture material （like aluminum alloy, the plastic and so on）, on the other hand must to large-scale, the complication and the high accuracy direction develops in order to is better unifies with the automobile body production, mold production department besides mold design manufacture, but also must simultaneously do well the development, the coordination body design, the paper vehicle manufacture, the technological design and so on each link. Therefore the request enterprise has a higher overall quality and the comprehensive level. 目前模具技術的發(fā)展趨勢 當前，工業(yè)生產的特點是產品品種多、更新快和市場競爭激烈。在這種情況下，用戶對模具制造的要求是“交貨期短”、“精度高”、“質量好”、“價格低”。模具技術的發(fā)展應該與這些要求相適應。 （1）在模具設計制造中