《非謂語動詞練習(xí)》PPT課件

非謂語動詞性質(zhì)：它具有動詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，即：除謂語以外一切成分。 過去分詞不定式非謂語動詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞 主語 表語 賓語 定語 補(bǔ)語 狀語 不 定 式 動 名 詞 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 過 去 分 詞 動詞不定式的基本形式 主 動 語 態(tài) to do 被 動 語 態(tài)一 般 式進(jìn) 行 式完 成 式 to be doneto be doingto have done to have been done 動詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語 賓語表語 定語 狀語 賓補(bǔ) 例1： To help each other is good._to help each other.互相幫助是好的。例2：_to understand him.我發(fā)現(xiàn)了解他很困難。It is goodI find it difficult 不定式在六個感官動詞feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice, 三個使役動詞let, have, make等后作賓補(bǔ)時,to要省略。如例1： Now, let me go.（go前省掉了to）例2：I saw her run into the classroom.（run前的to省掉了）比較She was seen _ the classroom. 例1. The farmers didnt know what to do. The farmers didnt know .例2. Please tell me how to get to the zoo. Please tell me .what they should dohow I can get to the zoo v不定式在以下形容詞后:easy, difficult, hard, heavy,light, cheap, expensive, good, nice, safe, dangerous, important, interesting, pleasant, (im)possible, fun等。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?v這時用主動形式表被動意思。 動詞不定式省略to 的情況歸納*1 當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，如動詞是 make, let , have 或 look at , see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 、等，不定式不帶to.*2. 在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, cant help but 等*3. Why. 或 why not 表建議4. 在介詞 but , except 之后，如果其前有 實(shí)義動詞do 的某種形式，不定式不帶to,反之須帶to .（記憶口訣）*5 不定式作表語時，如果be動詞前有do/did/does時，to可以省去。 注意1：不定式動詞在介詞but，except，后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。 She could do nothing but _(cry) I have no choice but _(go) 注意2：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 He is looking for a room _(live) There is nothing (worry)Please give me a knife (cut)to live into worry aboutto cut with 注意3：當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其意義有所不同。 比較： A) Have you anything to send? B) Have you anything to be sent?你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是you)你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?(不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else) 作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時，動詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動詞，只保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。 不 定 式 的 時 態(tài) 要 重 視例1 NMET 1997第12題I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 例2 NMET 1999 第14題Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study D. to have been studying (1)如果謂語表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，這時不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。 Tom and Martin pretended _their homework when the teacher came into the classroom. （假裝正在做作業(yè)）(2)如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。 She is said _thirty novels this year.據(jù)說她已讀了30本小說。 to be doingto have read 不定式的語態(tài)不應(yīng)忽略當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是這不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。不定式的被動形式有兩種：一般式和完成式。1.It is an honor for me _to your party. (invite)2.After graduation, he asked _to work in the countryside. (sent)3.This novel was said _into French. (translate)4.He was the first student_by The teacher. (punish) to be invitedto be sentto have been translatedto have been punished 主 動 形 式 被 動 形 式一 般 式 doing being done完 成 式 having done having been done .a. Its no use sending him over. Its too late already. Its no good talking a lot without doing anything. Its a waste of time arguing about it.b. Theres no joking about such matters. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do.而在Its important / Its necessary 這類句型中，只能用不定式如： Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times. 在need, want, deserve等后，可用動名詞的主動式表示被動含義，或用不定式的被動式，意義上無差別。但用動名詞較為普遍，（這時主語一般是物），如： The door needs_.(paint)painting / to be painted. 如：I regret _her advice.(我后悔沒聽她的建議）如：He did it without_.(ask)The little boy didnt mind _(leave) .They couldnt stand _(treat)like that.not having takenbeing treated 有時為了明確動名詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動名詞之前加上一個或，來表示動名詞邏輯上的主語。有時也可以用人稱代詞賓格或名詞普通格，不過，這主要用于口語中。如： She wont hear of . Do you object to ?注：如果不是在句子的開頭，這個結(jié)構(gòu)常用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓格，如： I dont like the idea of us / our not helping at all. I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果動名詞的邏輯主語是表示無生命的東西的名詞，或不定代詞，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如： Is there any hope of your team winning the match? The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door. 1.Do you mind opening the door? （我）2. Going there saved us a good deal of trouble. （Tom）3.Being late again made the teacher angry. （他）Do you mind me/my opening Toms going there saved us a good His being late again made 1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike coming D. Mikes coming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend 動名詞與不定式的不同含義： 1)be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、膽怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心、恐怕出現(xiàn) She was afraid _( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper. She was afraid _( of wake ) her husband, for he was ill. 2) forget, remember, try, mean, stop, . 3)permit, allow, forbid ,advise, admit, 4)cant help doing sth. cant help (to )do sth. cant help but do sth.不得不，忍不住1.I couldnt help_(think) of my childhood when I saw the picture.2.Im sorry I cant help_(lend) you the money, for Im short of it nowadays.3.I cant help but_(cry). 分 詞分詞：分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 的 基 本 形 式 doing being donehaving done having been done（只作狀語）主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式完成式 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) （ 所謂獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞的邏輯主語不 是 句 子 主 語 ， 而 是 有 自 己 的 邏 輯主 語時，叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。）A)1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open. =Because today _(be) Sunday, 2. There _( be ) no buses, we had to walk home. 3. The signal _( give ), the bus started.4. Weather _ ( permit ), well visit the Great Wall.5. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn it well.6. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win.7. With the worker _ ( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.8.he went home with his work _(finish). 9. 他遲到了,老師很生氣. (用動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))（作主語）_用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)) 作 表 語（ 1） 動 名 詞My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job. （ 2） 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞The play is exciting. Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting. Interesting was the story he told us. a washing machine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimming This is a new washing machine. 作定語性 質(zhì) 或 用 途 。 動 名 詞 作 定 語 表 示 _ 作 定 語 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 作 定 語 表 示 _.如 果 是 單 詞 ，放 在 被 修 飾 的 名 詞 前 ； 如 果 是 短 語 ， 就 放 在 被 修 飾的 名 詞 之 后 。a developing country a country which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingThe man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.China is a developing country.動 作 正 在 進(jìn) 行 。 eg.He attends the meeting _in the room now. He attended the meeting _yesterday. （hold） He will attend the meeting _tomorrow.1.從時態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作 過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作，to do表示將來的動作。定語being heldheldto be held eg. I found him cooking supper. I found supper cooked when I got home. It is true I saw Henry cook supper.現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 與 賓 語 為 主 動 關(guān) 系 ， 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 動 作 正 在 進(jìn) 行 ；過 去 分 詞 與 賓 語 為 被 動 關(guān) 系 ， 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 動 作 已 經(jīng) 完 成 ；to do只 單 純 表 示 一 個 事 實(shí) ， 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 動 作 的 全 過 程 。補(bǔ)語 作狀語時的區(qū)別：分詞 表示時間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況等等,They worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to see him only to find him out. to do表示1.目的; 2.結(jié)果表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié)果。常用only強(qiáng)調(diào)。目的結(jié)果1. He returned home _( find ) the house broken into.2.His father died, _( leave ) him nothing but debts. 1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk 2.When and where to build the new power station_yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing? A. this B. that C. it D. heNon-infinitive 4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen 5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday. A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received 6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author. A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest 8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments? A.there B.it C.this D.that 10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive 12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow 13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now. A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go 14. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned 15. The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 16. To master a foreign language,_ .A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice 17._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received 18. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 19. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 1. She appeared _ the lady before. A. to not see B. not to see C. not to have seen D. to have not seen.2. From the date _ on the letter, I decided that it was written several days ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked3. -Do you have anything more _, sir? -No, you can have a rest or do sth. else. A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type