新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時集訓(xùn)8 主旨大意之確定文章標(biāo)題（含解析）-人教版高三英語試題

專題限時集訓(xùn)(八)主旨大意之確定文章標(biāo)題A (2020·衡水市第一次聯(lián)考)The world's first hydrogen­powered trains have begun running in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany's northern Lower Saxony.The new train will run 100­kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains.Teams in Germany and France cooperated on the project，which was supported by the German government.The new train model，called the Coradia iLint，signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution­producing diesel(柴油) trains.The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non­electrified train lines with low levels of noise.It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power.If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time，it can store the extra energy in batteries.The only emissions(排放物) are water and steam.A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1，000 kilometers.This is very similar to the distance a diesel­powered train can run on a single tank of diesel.Hydrogen­powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build，but Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower.The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.The head of railroad operations in the area，Carmen Schwab，praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen trains.She said the move was an important first step in using clean­burning technologies to reach climate protection goals.Officials say many of the area's wind turbines(渦輪機(jī)) will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems.France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普類說明文。介紹了一種新型的氫動力火車。1Why did Germany build the new trains?ATo replace diesel trains.BTo carry more passengers.CTo make traveling much easier.DTo develop friendship with France.A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The new train model，called the Coradia iLint，signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution­producing diesel(柴油) trains”可知，建造新型火車的目的是取代產(chǎn)生污染的內(nèi)燃機(jī)車。2What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?AIt runs without making any noise.BIt doesn't use electrical power.CIt costs much less to run.DIt is cheaper to make it.C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的“the operating costs are much lower”可知，氫動力火車的運(yùn)行成本比較低。3It can be concluded that hydrogen trains Aare widely usedBare environmentally friendlyCcan stop air pollutionDcan produce water and oxygenB考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，新的氫動力火車具有低噪音的特點，且其唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽，所以它是環(huán)保的。4What might be the best title for the text?ASaving Natural ResourcesBEfforts to Reduce EmissionsCThe World's First Hydrogen TrainsDA New Way to Make ElectricityC考查標(biāo)題歸納。本文的主要信息是介紹世界上第一批氫動力火車的研制原理、其在環(huán)保方面的優(yōu)勢以及這種火車的發(fā)展趨勢。BPeople have different ways of dealing with a common cold.Some take over­the­counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治療) like herbal tea or chicken soup.Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold：nothing really cures it.So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work？According to James Taylor，professor at the University of Washington，colds usually go away on their own in about a week，improving a little each day after symptoms peak，so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit，USA Today reported.It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold.Recently，scientists came closer to figure out why.To understand it，you first need to know how antiviral drugs work.They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus.To do that，the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼圖)，which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and BBut they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus，rhinovirus C，until 2006.All three of them contribute to the common cold，but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.“This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses，”study leader Professor Ann CPalmenberg at the University of Wisconsin­Madison，US，told Science Daily.Now，more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C，scientists have finally built a highly­detailed 3D model of the virus，showing that the surface of the virus is，as expected，different from that of other cold viruses.With the model in hand，hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way.Soon，we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家們對普通感冒的相關(guān)研究。5What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?AThey are quite effective.BThey are slightly helpful.CThey actually have no effect.DThey still need to be improved.C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，作者認(rèn)為常見的應(yīng)對普通感冒的方法都是無效的，這與第二段的專家論述呼應(yīng)。6How do antiviral drugs work?ABy breaking up cold viruses directly.BBy changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.CBy preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.DBy absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第四句可知，抗病毒藥物是通過附著在病毒表面，并改變其表面結(jié)構(gòu)而起作用的。7What can we infer from the passage?AThe surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.BScientists have already found a cure for the common cold.CScientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.DKnowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段最后一句，并結(jié)合對本段的整體理解可推知，了解感冒病毒的結(jié)構(gòu)是研發(fā)有效藥物的關(guān)鍵所在。8What is the best title for this passage?ADrugs Against Cold VirusesBHelpful Home RemediesCNo Current Cure for Common ColdDResearch on Cold VirusesC考查標(biāo)題歸納。根據(jù)第一段最后一句和最后一段的呼應(yīng)，以及對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講述了科學(xué)家們對普通感冒的研究，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)目前并沒有有效的治療方法。CIt is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs when they're meeting another person or a group of people.However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr Harry Witchel shows this isn't always the case.In his research，he asked 44 participants aged 1835 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong.Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces were video recorded.After the quiz，the participants were asked to rate their experience using a range of 12 emotions including“bored”，“interested”and “frustrated”Meanwhile，their facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.Dr Witchel said：“According to some researchers，a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness or amusement.However，behavioural ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions，meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling.Our study showed that in these human­computer interaction experiments，smiling isn't driven by happiness；it is associated with subjective involvement(主觀參與)，which acts like a social fuel for smiling，even when socialising with a computer on your own.”Surprisingly，participants didn't tend to smile during the period when they were trying to figure out the answers.However，they did smile right after the computer game informed them if their answer was correct or wrong.Participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong.Dr Witched added：“During these computerised quizzes，smiling was greatly increased just after answering questions incorrectly.This behaviour could be explained by self­ratings of involvement，rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。人們普遍認(rèn)為微笑意味著一個人是快樂的，但是研究表明，微笑僅是社交的需要，并不能表明這個人一定是快樂的。 9Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game?ATo make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.BTo make the answer period last as long as possible.CTo discover the most intelligent participants.DTo create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，他設(shè)計的問題很難，是為了讓參加試驗的人得出錯誤的答案；據(jù)此可知，設(shè)計難題的目的是讓參與者難以答對題目，故A項正確。10What can we infer from what Dr Witchel said in Paragraph 4?AOther researchers' opinion of a real smile is quite right.BSmiles aren't necessarily useful tools in social interactions.CSubjective involvement doesn't motivate smiling in social interactions.DWitchel's study finding is consistent with behavioural ecology theory.D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段尾句可知，試驗結(jié)果表明：微笑不是由快樂驅(qū)動的；它與主觀參與有關(guān)；結(jié)合第四段第二句可知，行為生態(tài)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為，所有的微笑都是社會交往中使用的工具，這意味著快樂對微笑來說既不是必要的，也不是豐富的。據(jù)此可以推斷，研究的結(jié)果與行為生態(tài)學(xué)理論一致，故D項正確。11What do we know about the text?AParticipants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.BParticipants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.CIn Dr Witchel's opinion，smiling is connected with subjective involvement.DDr Witchel thinks that a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段尾句可知，Witchel博士認(rèn)為，微笑不是由快樂驅(qū)動的，它與主觀參與有關(guān)。故C項正確。12What can be a suitable title for the text?AWhat Contributes to Real Happiness?BHow to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy?CSmiling Doesn't Necessarily Mean HappinessDPeople Generally Hold a Wrong View on HappinessC考查標(biāo)題歸納。通讀全文，并結(jié)合文章第一段第二句可推知，文章陳述了這樣的事實：微笑僅是社交的需要，并不表明這個人一定快樂。故C項最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。