新目標(biāo)英語九年級Unit 13 必考知識點

【重點短語】1. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部 2. be full of the rubbish 充滿了垃圾3. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中4. play a part in cleaning it up 盡一份力把它清理干凈5. land pollution 土地污染6. fill the air with black smoke 使空氣中充滿了黑煙7. cut down air pollution 減少空氣污染8. make a difference 產(chǎn)生影響17. take action 采取行動18. turn off 關(guān)掉19. pay for 付費20. add up 累加21. use public transportation 使用公共交通22. recycle books and paper 回收書和廢紙23. use paper napkins 使用紙巾24. turn off the shower 關(guān)掉噴頭25. ride in cars 開車出行 【重點句型】1. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. 甚至河底都充滿垃圾。2. Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up. 城里的每個人都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡一份力把它清理干凈。3. The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days. 空氣被嚴(yán)重污染因為如今路上的汽車太多了。4. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐公汽或地鐵而不是開車。5. I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 我過去能在天空中看到星星。6. The air has become really polluted around here. Im getting very worried. 這兒的空氣真的已經(jīng)被污染了，我非常擔(dān)心。7. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. 沒有科學(xué)研究說明魚鰭對人們的健康有好處?！究键c詳解】1. pay的基本用法（1） pay （sb.） money for sth. 付錢（給某人）買例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個月要付20英磅的房租。（2）pay for sth. 付的錢。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。（3）pay for sb. 替某人付錢。例：Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 別擔(dān)心，我會給你付錢的。（4）pay sb. 付錢給某人。例：They pay us every month. 他們每月給我們報酬。（5）pay money back 還錢。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎？下周還你。（6）pay off one's money 還清錢。2. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 這種方法不僅殘酷，而且對環(huán)境有害。（1）not onlybut also意為“不僅而且”用于連接兩個表示并列關(guān)系的成分，著重強調(diào)后者，其中的also有時可以省略。如：She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不僅很會演奏，而且還會作曲。He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. 他不僅是自編劇本， 還飾演其中的角色。He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不僅平時工作，星期日也工作。（2）若連接兩個成分作主語，其謂語通常與靠近的主語保持一致。如：Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得離開。（3）若連接兩個句子，not only后面的句子要用倒裝。如：Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不僅說得更正確，而且講得更不費勁了?！局攸c語法】動詞不定式做目的狀語時的用法To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐公汽或地鐵而不是開車。本句中To cut down air pollution是動詞不定式作目的狀語。1. 不定式和不定式短語作目的狀語不定式和不定式短語作目的狀語，主要用來修飾動詞，表示某一動作或狀態(tài)的目的。為了使目的意義更加清楚或表示強調(diào)意義時，還可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。例如：I've written it down in order not to forget.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.在句子中作謂語動詞的狀語的不定式或不定式短語，表示的是主語的目的，因此，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。比較：To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.（正）To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.（誤）由 in order to 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比較：They started early in order to get there in time.（正）In order to get there in time, they started early.（正）They started early so as to get there in time.（正）So as to get there in time, they started early.（誤）2. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語當(dāng)不定式或不定式短語有自己的執(zhí)行者時，要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（即在不定式或不定式短語之前加 for + 名詞或賓格代詞）作狀語。例如：He opened the door for the children to come in.She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.3. 目的狀語從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換英語中的目的狀語從句，還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z作狀語，從而使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上得以簡化。可分為兩種情況：（1）當(dāng)目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時，可以直接簡化為不定式或不定式短語作狀語。例如：We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.（2）當(dāng)目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時，要用動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。例如：I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.I came early （in order） for you to read my report before the meeting.