2019-2020年高考英語 沖刺講義六 非謂語動(dòng)詞.doc

2019-2020年高考英語 沖刺講義六 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞的語法功能所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种髡Z表語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語定語狀語V-ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞不定式（to do）過去分詞(done)注：現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過去分詞都可以作獨(dú)立成分generally speaking一般說來；frankly speaking坦白地說；judging from/by.根據(jù)來判斷；considering./taking.into consideration考慮到；to tell you the truth說實(shí)話；seeing.考慮到；supposing假設(shè)，如果；providing如果；given考慮到，鑒于；provided that如果非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式變化非謂語形式構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never進(jìn)行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主語要用sbs doing在前加not特別注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞變化形式相同在前加not在解非謂語習(xí)題時(shí)同學(xué)們遇到最大的困難有兩個(gè)：一是如何判別是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞；二是如何選用哪一種非謂語動(dòng)詞及其恰當(dāng)?shù)男问?。一、謂語與非謂語的比較非謂語動(dòng)詞是漢語中沒有的語言現(xiàn)象。漢語中幾個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞連用而動(dòng)詞不用作任何形式的變化。如：他明天來拜訪你。翻譯成英語不是He will e visit you，而是He will e to visit you.這里就用了不定式to visit。因此同學(xué)們要特別注意弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand分析：stood是與sat并列的謂語。非謂語語法功能的比較做賓語的非謂語動(dòng)詞比較情況常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to兩者都可以意義基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）need, want, require（主語與動(dòng)名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）意義相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regret to do（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意思是，意味著）cant help （to） do（不能幫忙做）cant help doing（忍不住要做）be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了considerto be認(rèn)為是consider doing考慮做某事非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別分 類常見動(dòng)詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例 句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成I asked to be sent to the countryside.I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make現(xiàn)在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.過去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)We found the village greatly changed.IV. 非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語的區(qū)別分 類區(qū) 別例 句不定式與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般式表示將來，進(jìn)行式表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.I havent decided which hotel to stay at.(介詞at不能丟)動(dòng)名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系Shall we go to the swimming pool?現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves/the fallen leaves過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成或只表示狀態(tài)注意：the bridge to be built 將建造的橋, the bridge being built 正在建造的橋,the bridge built已經(jīng)建好的橋