湖南省茶陵縣高中英語 Unit 2 Language Grammar and usage課件 牛津譯林版必修3

That the earth is round is a fact. Mrs. Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. My idea is that we should do it right now. I had no idea that you were her friend.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句I. 名詞從句的種類 II. Tell the function of the following sentences. 1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many. da. subject b. object c. predicative d. appositive 2. The question is whether it is worth doing.3. Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.4. That he will come is certain. 5. They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.6. Why he did it wasnt quite clear.cbba a We can use the following question words to introduce noun clauses: what, which, who/whom, whose, when, where, why and how.III. Noun Clauses introduced by question words: We use a question word to introduce a noun clause. The clause can function as the subject, object or predicative of the sentence. 1. Where does a person come from? This will affect his or her style of speech. = Where a person comes from will affect his or her style of speech. wh-question subject 2. Why does English have such strange rules? You can begin to see it!= You can begin to see why English has such strange rules!wh-questionobject 3. Why does English have so many difficult rules that confuse people? That is the reason. = That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.wh-questionpredicative In a noun clause that is introduced by a question word, we change the word order into that of a statement. We cannot leave out the question words in noun clauses. 在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省)，whether；代詞有who，what，which；副詞 when，where，how，why 等。IV.主語從句 e.g. _the earth moves around the sun is well known. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)是眾所周知的事。 _and where he was born is a question. 他何時何地出生是個問題。 _he will come or not is not known yet. 他是否回來還不知道。ThatWhenWhether 在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 常可省略)，whether，if；代詞有who，whose，what，which；副詞 when，where，how，why 等。V. 賓語從句 e.g. We believe _he is honest. 我們相信他是誠實的。 Can you tell _dictionary is hers? 你能告訴她哪個字典是她的嗎？ I really dont know _he is doing. 我真的不知道他在干嘛。(that)which what 在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省)，whether；代詞有who，what，which；副詞 when，where，how，why 等。VI. 表語從句 e.g. The problem is _we didnt get in touch with him. 問題是我們沒有聯(lián)系上他。 The question is _Henry solved the problem. 問題是亨利怎么解決這個問題的。 His suggestion is _we (should) finish the work at once. 他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作。thathowthat 注意：如果句子的主語是suggestion，advice，order 等名詞時，后面引導(dǎo)的表語從句用_+動詞原形，_可省略。should should 在句中起同位語的作用。 一般放在名詞 fact，news，idea，promise，thought，suggestion等之后，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等。VII. 同位語從句 e.g. The news _ his health is failing made us sad. 他健康狀況不佳的消 息使我們很難過。 I have no idea _ they are spending their holidays. 我不知道他們在哪里度假。 There is no doubt _ he will come here again. 他會再來這里， 這是毫無疑問的。 thatwherethat 注意：名詞suggestion，advice，order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動詞要用_+動詞原形，_可省略。should should Read the diary on Page 28 and decide what sentence element each highlighted noun clause is in its sentence. Indicate in the boxes with S s (subject), O (object) or P (predicative).Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _O S PO P Read the article on Page 29 and fill in the blanks with suitable question words.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _why What whichwhy how whoHow Which 1. Do you remember _ he came? 2. Yes, I do. He came by car. a. how b. when c. that d. if2. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. a. If b. Whether c. That d. Where abChoose the best answer. 3. Ask her _ come with us. a. if she will b. if will she c. whether she d. whether will she4. _ we cant understand is _ he didnt join us in our discussion. a. That; why b. Which; how c. What; what d. What; whyad Look at the following sentences and find the real subject of each sentence.1. It is important for us to learn it well.2. It is important that we should learn English well today.3. It is no use wasting your time reading such books all day. Sometimes in English the subject of a sentence is very long, making the sentence awkward and difficult to understand. One way of making the sentence easier to understand is to use the preparatory subject it. With the preparatory subject it, the subject is moved to the end of the sentence, and it is used in its place at the start of the sentence. 1. We can use it as an empty subjectA. when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence.e.g. That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain. = (preferable) It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. Whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.= (preferable) It is easy to answer whether English will keep on changing in the future. When we can set off depends on the weather.= (preferable) It depends on weather when we can set off. 1. It + be + adj. (true, certain, possible, obvious, likely) that2. It + be +noun phrase (no wonder, an honor, a pity,) that3. It+ be + past participle (said, reported, expected, announced) that4. It + seems/appears that5. It doesnt matter that it 作形式主語的句型: e.g. To learn a foreign language is a challenging task. = (preferable) It is a challenging task to learn a foreign language. To gain access to the Internet is important for us. = (preferable) It is important for us to gain access to the Internet. B. when the subject is a to-infinitive. C. when the subject is a v-ing form.e.g. It is fun wandering in the countryside. = (preferable) Wandering in the countryside is fun. It takes up a lot of my time travelling to Beijing. = (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time. 2. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, turn out and prove as the preparatory subject of a sentence. e.g. It seems that he is enthusiastic about drawing. = He seems to be enthusiastic about drawing. It happens that my new neighbor comes from my home town. = My new neighbor happens to come from my home town. 3. We usually use the preparatory subject it with a clause or to infinitive (preferable), but with the verb-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning. e.g. It is a good idea to make an official statement about the incident. = Making an official statement about the incident is a good idea. Read the dialogue on Page 31 and rewrite the sentences in yellow, using the preparatory subject it.Answers:2. _ _ _It requires a good understanding of their behaviour to know what they mean. 3. _ _4. _ _It always puzzles me why my dog barks in certain ways.It wont be difficult to buy a machine like this. Read the letter on Page 31 and rewrite the underlined sentences using the preparatory subject it.Answers:2. _ _.It happens that several racial groupslive in Singapore. 3. _ _ _4. _It is fun to hear different people speaking different languages all at the same time.It is certain that Ill see you next week. 1. 乘宇宙飛船去月球是可能的。 It is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship.Translation these sentences into English. 2. 他似乎已經(jīng)知道問題的答案。 It seems that he has known the answer to the problem.3. 我們在哪兒聽報告還沒定。 It hasnt been decided where well listen to the report. 用that或what完成下列句子。1. _ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3. Is _ he told us true?4. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.5. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.what whatwhatWhatThat Tips: that只起連接主從句的功能，不作成分，而what不僅起連接作用，還在從句中作主語或賓語等成分。 根據(jù)句意填入恰當?shù)脑~。1. This is _ the whole city is fed.2. I am going, anyway. _ youll go with me is up to you.3. _ caused the fire in the lab is still a secret.4. His success was due to the fact _ he knew how to make good use of time.how WhetherWhat / Who that 5. The rule _ boys mustnt have long hair is often mentioned in our school. _ breaks it will be punished.6. Have you made _ clear _ the form is to be handed in by Friday?7. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are.that Whoever it thatwhere 8. Do _ you believe is right and keep on trying until you make it.9. You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. 10. You should stick to _ you have begun until you finish it.whatwhatever whatthat 1.Do C1 and C2 on Page 100 of the Workbook.2.Preview the next part.