2014《名師伴你行》系列高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)配套語法專題學(xué)案時態(tài)和語態(tài)一

高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 新 課 標(biāo) 版 人 民 教 育 出 版 社 語法學(xué)案1 時態(tài)和語態(tài)(一)動詞時態(tài)的概述：英語動詞共有十六種時態(tài), 要求掌握的有八種：一般現(xiàn)在時, 一般過去時, 一般將來時, 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時, 過去進(jìn)行時, 現(xiàn)在完成時, 過去完成時, 過去將來時。另外現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、過去完成進(jìn)行時和將來完成時也比較常用。 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在 過去 將來 過去將來 一般 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 一般將來時 一般過去將來時 進(jìn)行 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時 將來進(jìn)行時 過去將來進(jìn)行時 完成 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 將來完成時 過去將來完成時 完成進(jìn)行 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 過去完成進(jìn)行時 將來完成進(jìn)行時 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時 第二編 語 法 知 識考點 動詞時態(tài)的基本用法：考點精講1 一般時(一)一般時中的一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時分別表示現(xiàn)在、過去的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或表示現(xiàn)在、過去的狀態(tài)。We have meals three times a day. 我們一日三餐。(現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣)He is always ready to help others. 他總是樂于助人。(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))(二)一般現(xiàn)在時還可表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實。The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起。(三)一般現(xiàn)在時還可用在if, unless, even if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中；由when, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中；由no matter 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)whatwhowhichwhenwherehow或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中, 這時主句往往表將來(出現(xiàn)willshallcanmust)或主句是祈使句。Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. 我一完成工作就和你一起去。Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. 無論你怎么說, 我都不會改變主意。(四)語境中的一般過去時, 往往表示“剛才, 剛剛”之意, 暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. 能否再說一遍你的電話號碼?我沒有聽清楚。 第二編 語 法 知 識典例剖析Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong?Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result. 2012重慶卷A. will take B. tookC. had taken D. take剖析 考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)答語的后半句可知, 現(xiàn)在Kevin正在等待測試的成績, 參加測試為一個過去的動作, 應(yīng)該使用一般過去時態(tài)。因此, 正確答案為B選項。技巧點撥 一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài), 也可表示過去某段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。其標(biāo)志性狀語常為in the past, yesterday, just now, the day before yesterday, last week, in 2012, two weeks ago等。 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Your baby is too thin. It could gain weight, but it _ (not eat) much. 2. It wont be long before such a thing_ (happen) again. 3. I wont speak to him unless he_ (apologize) to me. 4. The driver has just been fined $10 for stopping his car at a sign that_ (read) “NO PARKING”. 5. Nancy is not coming tonight. But she _ (promise). doesnt eat happens apologizes reads promised 第二編 語 法 知 識(五)一般將來時的用法：1. 表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢。Tom will come next week. 湯姆下周會來。Fish will die without water. 離開水, 魚就會死。2. “be going to+動詞原形”多用在口語中, 表示“計劃、打算、即將做某事”, 此外, be going to還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對未來進(jìn)行推斷。He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他計劃今晚到電視臺講話。3. “be about to+動詞原形”表示“立即的將來”, 因此, 該句型很少與時間狀語連用。 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)The train is about to start. 火車就要開了。4. 有些動詞如come, go, stay, arrive, leave, begin, start等, 其一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時亦可表示按計劃、安排好的將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。I arrive in Beijing at 3：00 p. m. tomorrow. 明天下午3點我到北京。What are you going to do next week?下周你打算做什么?5. “be to+動詞原形”(1)表示按計劃或安排要做的事。She is to be married next month. 她將于下個月結(jié)婚。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于過去。waswere to do sth. 第二編 語 法 知 識表示曾經(jīng)計劃要做的事, 但不表明計劃是否被執(zhí)行, 或表示“命運(即命中注定要發(fā)生的事)”, 而非計劃；waswere to have done sth. 表示未曾實現(xiàn)的計劃。I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很緊張, 因為我很快就要首次離開家了。We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我們本來想告訴你的, 但是你不在家。(2)表示“應(yīng)該”, 相當(dāng)于should, ought to。You are to report to the police. 你應(yīng)該報警。(3)表示“必須”, 相當(dāng)于must, have to。You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 看電視之前你得先做完作業(yè)。 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)(4)表示“想, 打算”, 相當(dāng)于intend, want。If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 如果我們要在十點前到, 我們現(xiàn)在就得走。(5)用于第一人稱疑問句, 表示征求對方意見。Am I to go on with the work?要我繼續(xù)完成這項工作嗎?(6)用于否定句, 表示“禁止”, 相當(dāng)于mustnt。You are not to smoke in the reading room. 你不可以在閱覽室里吸煙。(7)表示“可以, 可能”, 相當(dāng)于may, can。The news is to be found in the evening paper. 這條消息可以在晚報上見到。(8)were to do sth. 用于if或even ifeven though從句中, 表示對未來的假設(shè)。 第二編 語 法 知 識Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such thing. 即使太陽從西邊出來, 我也決不做這種事。(9)be to blame(該受責(zé)備, 對某壞事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任)與be to let(待出租)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中, 用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。Which driver is to blame for the accident?這起事故是哪個司機的責(zé)任?This house is to let. 這房子要出租。典例剖析Close the door of fear behind you, and you_ the door of faith open before you. 2012湖南卷A. Saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)剖析 考查動詞的時態(tài)。從前一分句為祈使句可知此語境為將來的情況, 而且這是一常見句型“祈使句+and+表將來的句子”。故選C。對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練單項填空6. We have been looking for the boy all the afternoon but he is nowhere_ . A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. to be seen7. We just saw John at the bookstore. Thats strange；I didnt think he_ back until tomorrow. A. will come B. was to comeC. is coming D. is to comeD B 第二編 語 法 知 識8. If the sun _ tomorrow, what would we do?A. were not to raise B. does not riseC. would not rise D. were not to rise9. Look at these clouds. _. A. Its going to rain B. Its rainingC. It is to rain D. It can rain10. Who do you think_ for the failure of their marriage?A. to blame B. to be blameC. is to blame D. is to be blamed考點精講2 進(jìn)行時(一)一個長動作作為背景, 被一個短動作打斷, 長動作往往用進(jìn)行時, 短動作用一般時。D AC 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book in the office. 同學(xué)們在忙著寫作, 這時布朗老師去取放在辦公室的書。As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. 奶奶讀著報就睡著了。(二)表示動作的未完性、暫時性。I dont really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我不是在此工作, 我只是在幫忙, 新秘書來了我就走。(暫時性)Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. 去年Shirley在寫一本關(guān)于中國的書, 但我不知道她現(xiàn)在是否寫完了。(未完性) 第二編 語 法 知 識(三)表示計劃、安排要做的事。Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. 我獲得了一次去佛羅里達(dá)度假兩天的機會。我計劃帶著我媽媽去。(計劃)(四)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 三年前我遇到了麗莎, 當(dāng)時她正在一家賣收音機的商店工作。Hey, look where you are going!Oh, Im terribly sorry. I wasnt noticing. 嘿, 看你走到哪去了!對不起, 我沒注意。 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)(五)表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性動作, 往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒, 常與always, continually, constantly等連用。He is always thinking of others first. 他總是先想到他人。He is always making the same mistake. 他總是犯同一個錯誤。(六)瞬間動詞的進(jìn)行時可以表示將來(見一般將來時的用法部分)典例剖析“The moment_ soon, ”he thought to himself, waiting nervously. 2012湖南卷A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming剖析 考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)soon可知為將來的事情, 且是直接 引語, 應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在, 所以選D項, 進(jìn)行時態(tài)表將來。 第二編 語 法 知 識對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空11. You_ always_ (watch) TV. Why not do something more active?12. Watch! I _ (watch) but I _ (not see) anything unusual. 13. Listen！The couple _ (quarrel) in the room. 考點精講3 完成時(一)現(xiàn)在完成時(1)一個動作開始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還將持續(xù)下去)。表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語有：lately, recently, in the lastpast few days years(在過去的這幾天年里), since then, ever since, are watchingam watching didnt seeare quarrelling 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)up to now, so far(至今)等。In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 在過去的幾年里, 我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。He has been busy writing a book recently. 最近他一直忙著在寫一本書。(2)一個發(fā)生在過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響, 注意這時說話者說話的重心在過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。常用的狀語有already, just(剛剛), yet, never, before等。The concert has started. (=The concert is on now. )音樂會已經(jīng)開始了。(3)ThisIt is the firstsecond. . . time+ that從句。that從句謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時。This is the first time that I have come here. 這是我第一次來這里。 第二編 語 法 知 識(4)在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中, 表示將來某時以前已完成的動作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 只有我親眼看到, 我才會相信你的話。I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 我干完了工作就和你一起去。(5)瞬間動詞又叫非延續(xù)性動詞或終止性動詞。瞬間動詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài), 但不可以接一段時間, 若要接一段時間, 需要做一些相應(yīng)的變換。瞬間動詞在完成時態(tài)中的否定式可以接一段時間。He has come to Beijing since last year. He has lived in Beijing since last year. He has joined the army for 3 years. 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)He has served in the army for 3 years. He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for 3 years. It is 3 years since he joined the army. He has joined the army. 常見的瞬間動詞有：come, go, get toreacharrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, jointake part in, beginstart, returngive, borrowlend, becometurn, bringtake, die, finishend, receivehear from, marry, break, lose, jump等。典例剖析Look！Somebody the sofa. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. 2012江西卷A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 第二編 語 法 知 識剖析 考查時態(tài)。句意：看, 有人已經(jīng)打掃了沙發(fā)。是的, 不是我, 我沒有做。過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選C項。對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練同義句轉(zhuǎn)換14. He left his office 3 hours ago. He _ from his office for 3 hours. It _ 3 hours since he left his office. 15. He has been dead for 4 years. He _ ago. It has been_ he died. (二)過去完成時(1)一件事情發(fā)生于過去, 而另外一件事情先于它(即表“過去的過去”), 那么在先的事情的動詞需用過去完成 時。has been away has beenisdied 4 years 4 years since 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)這個過去的過去的時間可用before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示, 也可通過上下文來表示。She had learned some English before she came to the institute. 她在來學(xué)院前已學(xué)過一些英語。He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他說他在國外待了3年了。(2)表示從過去某一時間開始, 一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作, 常用的時間狀語有：by then, by that time, until, by the end of, before 2000, by the time+句子等。By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那時, 他已學(xué)了3年英語了。Until then he had known nothing about it yet. 到那時為止, 他對此仍一無所知。 第二編 語 法 知 識(3)Hardly(scarcely/barely)had. . . done. . . when. . . ；No sooner had. . . done. . . than. . . 表示“剛就, when和than從句里用一般過去時。Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我剛到家雨就傾盆而下。(4)It washad been+一段時間+since從句。since從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 有十年我們沒這么高興了。(5)ThatIt was the firstsecond. . . time+ that從句。that從句謂語要用過去完成時。 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 這是他第三次犯同樣的錯誤了。(6)表示愿望、打算一類的詞, 如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等, 其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去幫你的, 但當(dāng)時確實太忙了。(三)將來完成時將來完成時表示到將來某一時間, 某一動作將會完成, 常用的時間狀語為：by+將來的某個時間。 第二編 語 法 知 識By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 到明年的這個時候, 你們大家就成了大學(xué)生了。典例剖析The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he_ some European partners. 2012江蘇卷A. would meet B. is meetingC. meets D. had met剖析 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句中“is said to have arrived”可知, arrive這個動作是在過去發(fā)生的, 而會面的動作則在arrive的動作之前發(fā)生的, 即在過去的過去發(fā)生的動作, 所以用過去完成時, 故選D項。 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)單項填空 1. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area_. We must act immediately before theres none left. 2012重慶卷A. have run out B. are running outC. have been run out D. are being run out2. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that _ he something instead of just talking. 2012遼寧卷A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 3. I feel so excited！At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai. 2012遼寧卷A. will be flying B. will flyC. have been flying D. have flown BD A 第二編 語 法 知 識4. Did you catch what I said? Sorry. I_ a text message just now.2012四川卷A. had answering B. have answeredC. would answer D. was answering5. Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I_ to Beijing. How about five? 2012陜西卷A. fly B. will flyC. will be flying D. am flying 6. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he_. 2012北京卷 wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt D CB 高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)7. Our friendship_ quickly over the weeks that followed. 2012北京卷A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed8. Did you ask Sophia for help? I_ need toI managed perfectly well on my own. 2012全國卷A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont9. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes. 2012全國新課標(biāo)卷 swim B. swum C. swam D. had swumDC C 第二編 語 法 知 識10. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers_. 2012山東卷A. will leave B. are leavingC. have left D. were leaving 返回目錄 繼續(xù) D