2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習 Unit 3 A healthy life素材 新人教版選修6.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習 Unit 3 A healthy life素材 新人教版選修6 話題詞匯 1．balance n．平衡 2．strength n．長處；力量 3．healthy adj.健康的 4．energy n．精力；活力 5．positive adj.積極的 6．keep sb.fit/healthy 使某人保持健康 7．win...back贏回 8．take regular exercise進行有規(guī)律的運動 9．keep a good mood保持樂觀心態(tài) 10．remove heavy burdens減輕負擔 經典語篇 你的網友Mike由于長期上網，出現了視力下降、病態(tài)肥胖等多種健康問題，并染上了一些疾病，住進了醫(yī)院?，F在請你以李明的身份給他寫一封信，希望他早日康復，并給他一些保健的建議。 注意：1.語言通順、連貫； 2．詞數100左右。 參考詞匯：病態(tài)肥胖：obesity 佳作欣賞 Dear Mike， I’m very sorry to hear that you are in hospital with eyesight decreasing① and obesity and some other diseases.I hope that you will recover soon. You said that your illness was caused by surfing the Internet too much.That’s true.Some of my friends，who often do such things，are beginning to feel bad too.They say that they can’t see now as clearly as before.And my teachers often tell us that it’s bad for us to stay late surfing the Internet every day.② Therefore，I think that we should spend less time on the Internet from now on.Instead，we should work out to keep healthy，because nothing is more important than health.③Only when we are healthy can we study better.④ Follow the doctor’s advice and don’t worry，and you will be well soon.⑤ Best wishes! Yours， Li Ming 思維發(fā)散 1．仿照第①句用“with復合結構”完成句子 因為有那個男孩領路，我們很容易地找到了那座老房子。 With the boy leading the way we found the old house easily. 2．仿照第②句用it作形式主語翻譯句子 對我們來說學好英語非常重要。 It is important for us to learn English well. 3．仿照第③句完成句子 —How about your trip to Hainan? —It couldn’t have been better(不可能再好了)．Sometimes I went swimming in the sea；sometimes I lay on the sand. 4．仿照第④句用“only＋狀語從句”放于句首完成句子 只有當我們完成作業(yè)了，我們才能休息。 Only when we finish the work can we have a rest. 5．仿照第⑤句用“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”翻譯句子 努力學習，你一定會成功。 Work hard and you will succeed. Ⅰ.重點單詞 A．寫作單詞 1．ban (vt.)禁止；取締；(n.)禁令；譴責 2．accustom (vt.)使習慣于 3．quit (vt.)停止(做某事)；離開 4．ashamed (adj.)感到慚愧或羞恥的 5．stress (n.)壓力；重音；(vt.)加壓力于；使緊張 stressful (adj.)產生壓力的；緊張的 6．mental (adj.)精神的；智力的 mentally (adv.)精神上；智力上 7．effect (n.)結果；效力 affect (vt.)影響；感染 8．strengthen (vt.)加強；鞏固；使堅強；(vi.)變強 strength (n.)力氣；體力 strong (adj.)堅強的；強壯的 9．survival (n.)幸存 survivor (n.)幸存者 survive (vt.& vi.)幸存；幸免于難 B．閱讀單詞 10．abuse (n.& vt.)濫用；虐待 11．tough (adj.)困難的；強硬的 12．awkward (adj.)局促不安的；笨拙的 13．sex (n.)性別；性 14．pill (n.)藥丸；藥片 15．prehension (n.)理解(力) 16．chemist (n.)化學家；藥劑師 17．desperate (adj.)絕望的；拼命的 18．abnormal (adj.)畸形的；異常的 19．pregnant (adj.)懷孕的 20．withdrawal (n.)收回；撤退；戒毒(或脫癮)過程 21．alcohol (n.)酒；酒精 alcoholic (adj.)酒精的 22．adolescent (n.)青少年；(adj.)青春期的 adolescence (n.)青春期 23．automatic (adj.)無意識的；自動的 automatically (adv.)無意識地；自動地 24．breathless (adj.)氣喘吁吁的；屏息的 breath (n.)呼吸 breathe (v.)呼吸 25．unfit (adj.)不健康的；不合適的；不合格的 fit (adj.)健康的；合適的；(v.)適合 26．illegal (adj.)不合法的；違法的 legal (adj.)合法的 27．male (adj.)男性的；雄性的；(n.)男人；雄性動(植)物 female (adj.)女性的；雌性的；(n.)女人；雌性的動(植)物 28．prejudice (n.)偏見；成見；歧視 prejudiced (adj.)有偏見的；有成見的 29．judgement (n.)看法；判斷；判決 judge (n.)法官；裁判；(v.)斷定；判斷；審判 30．embarrassed (adj.)尷尬的；陷入困境的 embarrass (vt.)使尷尬；使窘迫；使不安 embarrassing (adj.)令人不安的；讓人難堪的；令人尷尬的 embarrassment (n.)尷尬；難堪 Ⅱ.重點短語 1．due to由于…… 2．addicted to對……有癮 3．accustomed to習慣于…… 4．decide on對……作出決定 5．feel like (doing)想要(做)…… 6．in spite of不顧；不管 7．take risks (a risk)冒險 8．get into陷入；染上(壞習慣) 9．at risk處境危險；遭受危險 10．have an effect on對……有影響 Ⅲ.經典句式 1．It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. 很驚異吧，像我這樣的年紀，身體還很健康，而且能在一個下午騎車20公里。 2．Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. 你媽媽告訴我，許久之前你已經開始吸煙了，而且現在你覺得很難把它戒掉。 3．When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it was time to quit smoking. 當我因為身體不健康而被校足球隊除名時，我才知道我該戒煙了。 4．I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. 我的確希望你把煙戒掉，因為我希望你能像我這樣活得健康長壽。 5．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker. 每當你想要吸煙的時候，你就提醒自己：你(已經)是不吸煙的人了。 Ⅳ.課文語法填空 It’s easy for you to start smoking，but 1.once you bee addicted to it，you may find 2.it difficult for you to quit.Firstly，you may bee 3.physically(physics) addicted to nicotine，one of the hundreds of harmful chemicals 4.that consist in cigarettes.Secondly，you may develop the habit of smoking and finally bee mentally addicted 5.to it. Smoking may have all kinds of harmful effects on the health of both the smokers themselves and nonsmokers around them.It not only affects your physical fitness，but also 6.does harm to your heart and lungs and causes a variety of diseases.7.Being(be) a smoker，the offensive smell and appearance of you may drive people around you away.So，it’s important that one quit smoking and live a healthier life. To quit smoking，you should be wellprepared and make a list of all the benefits you may get after quitting.8.Developing(develop) some new habits like listening to music，reading novels or doing housework may distract your attention and help you to forget your need for a cigarette.But if you really feel bad，you should consult 9.a doctor or chemist to get some professional help.Remember，if you 10.keep(keep) trying，you will eventually succeed. 1. stress n.壓力；強調；緊張(pressure)；重要性(emphasis)；重音；vt.強調(emphasize)；使緊張；加壓力于(press)；用重音讀 [多詞一義]　stress，emphasize，underline，lay/put/place stress (emphasis) on (1)under stress在壓力之下 under the stress of在……的壓力下 lay/place/put stress on強調…… (2)stress the importance of強調……的重要性 (1)The spokesman stressed the measures did not amount to an overall ban. 該發(fā)言人強調這些措施并不等同于全面禁止。 (2)Katy could think clearly when not under stress. 在沒有壓力的情況下凱蒂思路清晰。 多維訓練 (1)單句語法填空 ①More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity. ②Under the stress of bad weather the ship had to return. ③He stressed the importance of a good education. (2)同義句改寫 The mice died because they became stressed by the repeated changes to their body clocks.(用過去分詞短語作原因狀語改寫) Stressed by the repeated changes to their body clocks，the mice died. 2. effect n.結果；效力；影響，作用 have an effect on/upon對……有效；對……有影響 e/go into effect生效,take effect生效；奏效 bring/put...into effect實施 of no effect沒有效果的 in effect實際上 (1)The medicine had a good effect on me. 那種藥對我有很好的功效。 (2)The medicine soon took effect. 藥很快見效了。 多維訓練 (1)短語填空 ①So in effect the government have lowered taxes for the rich and raised them for the poor. ②My parents’ divorce had a big effect on me. ③The morphine(嗎啡) was starting to take effect and the pain eased. ④If a class is of no effect，then teaching means nothing. ⑤The regulations came into effect days after last week’s incidents. (2)完成句子 The remendations will soon be put into effect/e into effect(付諸實施)． 3. ashamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的(feeling shame or embarrassment about) (1)be ashamed of sb.為某人羞愧 be ashamed of oneself for doing...某人因做了……而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do...恥于做……；因做……而羞愧 (2)It’s a shame that...……是令人遺憾的事。 (1)He is ashamed of his failure. 他對自己的失敗感到羞愧。 (2)He was ashamed of himself for being behind his work. 落下了工作，他感到很慚愧。 (3)It’s a shame that she isn’t here to see it. 真可惜她不能在這兒親自看看。 [詞義辨析]　ashamed，shameful (1)ashamed是“感到羞恥的”、“覺得慚愧的”，表示主語主觀認為可恥的，只能作表語。 (2)shameful表示事物本身的客觀性質是“可恥的”，可作表語或定語。 多維訓練 (1)用ashamed，shameful填空 ①We thought his behavior was shameful. ②I’m ashamed to leave you this way. (2)同義句改寫 He was ashamed of what happened and bowed his head.(用過去分詞短語作原因狀語改寫) Ashamed of what happened，he bowed his head. 4. be/bee addicted to對……有癮；熱衷于…… [應試指導]　非謂語動詞句法功能的考查 (1)addict v.使沉溺；使成癮；n.入迷的人 addict oneself to沉溺于 (2)addiction n.入迷；上癮 (3)addictive adj.上癮的；使人入迷的 I went through about four years of being addicted to video games. 我大約有4年時間沉迷于電子游戲中。 多維訓練 (1)用addict的正確形式填空 ①The boy became addicted to puter games and didn’t want to study. ②She helped him fight his drug addiction. ③I took up skiing a couple of years ago and I found it quite addictive. ④They are rock music addicts. (2)同義句改寫上題句① ①Addicted to puter games，the boy didn’t want to study.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫) ②Addicting himself to puter games，the boy didn’t want to study.(用現在分詞短語作狀語改寫) 5. be accustomed to習慣于…… [應試指導]　作為高級詞匯替換be used to be/get/bee accustomed to (doing) sth.習慣于(做)某事 accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己習慣于(做)某事 be used to doing sth.習慣于做某事 (1)I was accustomed to being the only child at a table full of adults. 我已經習慣了作為唯一一個小不點坐在一桌大人中間。 (2)He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life. 他很快就習慣了這種新的生活方式。 多維訓練 (1)同義句改寫 He was accustomed to the custom and didn’t want to change it. ①Accustomed to the custom，he didn’t want to change it.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫) ②Accustoming himself to the custom，he didn’t want to change it.(用現在分詞短語作狀語改寫) (2)單句改錯 Growing up in the country，he is used to get up early.get→getting 6.feel like想要(want to have or do)；感覺像；摸起來像 多維訓練 (1)單句語法填空 ①Use it to remind yourself of why you want to stop，whenever you feel like smoking(smoke)． ②How many of you would like to have(have) something like that? (2)短語填空 ①I don’t feel myself today. ②I hope you feel at home here. ③I don’t feel like going any more. ④I felt my way in the dark. 7. get into陷入；養(yǎng)成，染上(某種習慣)(develop a habit of...)；開始(某事)(start sth.)；參與(bee involved in 多維訓練 用get into短語完成句子 (1)He has got into the habit of(染上……的習慣) smoking. (2)Be quiet unless you want to get into trouble(惹麻煩)． (3)Never get into debt(欠債) if you can avoid it. (4)He was eager to get into politics(進入政界)． 8.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的確希望你把煙戒掉，因為我希望你能像我這樣活得健康長壽。 句型公式：do的強調用法 “do/does/did＋動詞原形”構成強調句，意為“確實，的確”，用來加強謂語動詞的語氣，但須符合以下條件： (1)句子是肯定句； (2)句子的時態(tài)為一般現在時或一般過去時； (3)只能用來強調謂語動詞，若強調主語、賓語、表語、狀語等，則應用It is/was...that...進行強調。 (1)He does enjoy listening to classical music. 他的確喜歡聽古典音樂。 (2)Do be quiet. 務必安靜。 多維訓練 翻譯句子 (1)今天晚上一定要來呀。 Do e this evening. (2)上周他的確給你寫信了。 He did write to you last week. 9. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.即使你非得經過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。 句型公式：before引導時間狀語從句 (1)before用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句，除了表示“在……之前”以外，還可以表示“……(之后)才；不久就；不等……就；以免”。 (2)句型歸納： ①It won’t be...before...用不了多長時間就會……(before從句用一般現在時) ②It will be...before...得過多久才……(before從句用一般現在時) ③It wasn’t...before...沒過多長時間就……(before從句用一般過去時) ④It was...before...過了多長時間才……(before從句用一般過去時) (1)Write down the telephone number before you forget it. 記下電話號碼以免忘記。 (2)It wasn’t long before he learned to use the puter. 不久他就學會了使用計算機。 多維訓練 (1)寫出下列句子中before的漢語意思 ①Before he came here，he was in England.在……之前 ②It will be some time before we know the full results.得過多久才…… ③Before we had walked five miles，Anne plained of sore feet.不到……就 ④Put that away before it gets broken.以免 (2)完成句子 ①The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times before it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”(直到最后它才包含pleasant的含義)． ②The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names(還沒有來得及問他們的名字). Ⅰ.語境填詞 1．It was then that I started to appreciate the tough(艱難的) choices she had to make on balancing family and work.(xx天津) 2．It dealt with issues such as drug abuse(濫用)，violence and unemployment.(xx福建) 3．However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly bee accustomed(習慣了的)．(xx浙江) 4．I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately(拼命地) threw myself at that guy like a bullet.(xx天津) 5．If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators，it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief，boring，and even awkward(局促不安的) experience.(xx湖北) Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful(stress) and more satisfying.(xx浙江) 2．What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.(xx北京) 3．A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending(send) and receiving(receive) messages.(xx山東) 4．Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(xx山東) 5．Items like Tshirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen(strong) role identity.(xx江蘇) 6．He thought about all of the survival(survive) shows he had watched on TV.(xx北京) 7．Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed(embarrass) and clearly in shock.(xx福建) 8．Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned(ban) can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.(xx山東) 9．It’s a waste of time playing games and it will have a bad effect on their study.(xx廣東) 10．While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.(xx遼寧) Ⅲ.短語填空 1．Lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk.(xx四川) 2．According to Alex Goldberg，it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to the shortage of money.(xx福建) 3．Some students are addicted to playing puter games and some often cheat in the exams.(xx廣東) 4．Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.(xx福建) 5．It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim？(xx陜西) 6．In spite of the largescale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.(xx江蘇) Ⅳ.完成句子 1．當你正在看一個你最喜歡的電視節(jié)目，這時有個人進來，一聲不吭地關掉電視，你會怎么想？ How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？(xx浙江) 2．只要你堅持練習，你就不會覺得剪紙難了。 You won’t find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.(xx北京) 3．像其他生物一樣，我們的確需要黑暗。 Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.(xx浙江) 4．總統(tǒng)能采取什么措施來結束這場罷工根本不為人所知。 It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.(xx新課標全國) 5．說實話，盡管我作了很好的準備，但當我進入考場時，我還是感到有點緊張。 To be honest，in spite of my good preparation，I felt a little nervous when I was entering the exam room.(xx四川) 寫作素材(關于毒品) 1．現在有些青少年濫用毒品。 2．那些吸毒上癮的，很難活下來。 3．他們會感到不安、可恥、失望甚至絕望。 4．他們想戒毒，但是效果不好。 5．他們感到巨大的壓力，需要幫助。 提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達，并且請使用who引導的定語從句。 連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文) Nowadays some adolescents abuse drugs.Those who are addicted to drugs can hardly survive.They feel embarrassed，ashamed，disappointed and even desperate.They want to withdraw/quit，but it has little effect.They feel greatly stressed and need help. Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids.It’s an important concern: Being weight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults，such as diabetes and high blood pressure.Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes.But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts(內臟) when you were a baby and the chance that you would bee overweight? Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link.In a recent study，they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts. You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick.While it’s true that some bacteria can make people ill，your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it.These “good” bacteria live in your guts，where they process the food you eat. Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms.When a baby is born，some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby’s body.Growing babies get additional “good” bacteria from the milk their mothers produce.And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later. So how could these bacteria affect weight？The researchers still haven’t tested that question，but future tests might lead to an answer. 1．The “l(fā)ink” in Paragraph 2 refers to the relationship between . A．bacteria and the chance of being overweight B．obesity and diabetes C．diets and the chance of being overweight D．bacteria and exercise 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據文章第一段最后一句“But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts(內臟) when you were a baby and the chance that you would bee overweight？”可知第二段中的link就是指細菌和超重問題之間的關系。故A正確。 2．Which of the following is NOT the function of “good” bacteria? A．Helping to digest food. B．Helping to take nutrients from food. C．Helping to regulate weight. D．Making a person ill. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據文章第三段第二句“While it’s true that some bacteria can make people ill，your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it.”可知有些細菌的確對人體有好處，但是有些細菌也會讓人生病。讓人生病并不是細菌的好的功能。A、B、C三項都屬于細菌好的作用。故D正確。 3．The purpose of writing this passage is to . A．introduce the role of bacteria in children’s weight B．analyze the influence of obesity on kids C．give advice on how to lose weight quickly D．explain the function of bacteria in foods 答案　A 解析　寫作意圖題。根據文章主題段第一段最后一句“But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts(內臟) when you were a baby and the chance that you would bee overweight？”可知本文主要講述的是細菌在兒童體重問題上的作用。故A正確。 B The bed should be reserved as a place for sleep，but people tend to read an iPad a lot in bed before they go to sleep. Charles Czeisler，a professor at Harvard Medical School，and his colleagues got a small group of people for an experiment.For five days in a row，the people read either a paper book or an iPad for four hours before sleep.Their sleep patterns were monitored all night.Before and after each trial period，the people took hourly blood tests to paint a daylong picture of just how much melatonin(褪黑激素) was in their blood at any given time. When subjects read on the iPad as pared to the paper books，they reported feeling less sleepy at night and less active the following morning.People also took longer to fall asleep on the iPad nights，and the blood tests showed that their melatonin secretion(分泌) was delayed by an hour and a half. The researchers conclude in today’s journal article that given the rise of ereaders and the increasingly widespread use of ethings among children and adolescents，more research into the longterm consequences of these devices on health and safety is urgently needed.Czeisler and colleagues go on，in the research paper，to note：“Reading an iPad in bed may increase cancer risk.” However，software has been developed that can reduce some of the blue light from the screens of phones and puters according to time of day，and there are also glasses that are made to filter (過濾) short wavelengths.While they seem like a logical solution for the nighttime tech users，it needs more research. 4．In Charles Czeisler’s experiment，all the subjects were asked to . A．sit in a row and receive the strict tests B．have their sleep patterns observed all night C．read a paper book and an iPad at the same time D．have their blood tested per hour during the trial 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段第三句“Their sleep patterns were monitored all night.”可知，Charles Czeisler的實驗就是針對睡覺方式組織的，故對他們進行觀察，答案B合適。 5．The third paragraph tells us the iPad readers were likely to . A．feel less sleepy and tired in the day B．fall asleep more easily after reading C．bee less energetic the next morning D．have a lot more melatonin secretion 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第一句“...they reported feeling less sleepy at night and less active the following morning.”可知睡前用iPad閱讀，第二天早上會精力不充沛。 6．The special software recently developed can . A．remove the blue light from your devices pletely B．help prevent eyes being harmed by short wavelength C．weaken the harm done by doing nighttime ereading D．be used in all the ethings widely and safely 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段第一句“...software has been developed that can reduce some of the blue light from the screens of phones...”可知這種軟件能減少晚上時間進行電子閱讀所造成的危害，故答案為C。 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．No Ereading in Bed Before Sleep B．New Software for Night Ereaders C．Wrong Behaviors B