2015年職稱英語《理工類B級》真題及答案

2015年職稱英語理工類B級真題及答案第一部分：詞匯選項1.1 he organization was bold enough to face the press.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible1.2 will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate1.3 realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.A.limitB.fearC.powerD.fool4 .Most people find rejection hard to accept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal5 .Shes extremely competent and industrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent6 .The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish7 .He tried to assemble his thoughts.A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare8 .The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation9 .Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.A.flexibleB.terribleC.reasonableD.serious10 .These products are inferior to those we brought last year.A.poorer thanB.narrower thanC.larger thanD.richer than11 .The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed12 .There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubic13 .Theyre petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.looking14 .He said some harsh words about his brother.A.unkindB.properC.normalD.unclear15 .We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp第二部分：閱讀判斷ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled（ 吸入 ）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. Thats the finding of a new study. Released when things arent burned completely, this pollution isknown as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects childrens health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew（排放 ）PAHs intothe air and lungs, Pereras team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe（探查）other sources of PAHs, ones thats would have been hard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each childs mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained（長期的 ）mental effort, such as homework or gameswith friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD.Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16 .Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17 .The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18 .Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19 .The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20 .Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21 .The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22 .Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第 3 部分：概況大意與完成句子（第 2330題，每題 1 分，共8分）下面的短文后有2 項測試認識： （1） 第 2326 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中為第14 段每段選擇 1 個最佳標(biāo)題 ;（2） 第 2730 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中為每個句子確定 1 個最佳選項。First Image-recognitions software1）Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2）The new system, witch was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm（運算法則 ）for image recognition andretrieval is accurate and efficienti enough to improve large-scale document searches online.The system uses pixel（ 像素 ）data in images and potentially video rather than just text tolocate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associatedwith a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned（收集 ）fromthose results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions（ 圖片說明 ）,making for more accurate document search results.3） “Over the last 30 years, ” says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani, a co-author ofthe study, ” the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist（主旨 ）ofit by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, sruprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the firstment search.to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve docu4）The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system a type ofartificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic（ 語義的 ）information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries（ 查詢 ）on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 2 25. Paragraph 3 26. Paragraph 4 A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication of the new discoveryC.Function of the new systemD.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems of the existing search enginesF.Improvementi in document retrieval27. The new system does document retrieval by .28. The new system is expected to improve precision in .29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore .30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the .A.information in imagesB.current popular search enginesC.using photosD.machine vision systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page第四部分：閱讀理解第一篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（樹冠 ）of taller indigenous（ 土生土長的 ）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者 ）in the tall trees and migratingbirds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.31. What is the main idea of this passage?文章的主旨是A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.農(nóng)民正改變他們種咖啡的方式B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.種植咖啡越來越貴C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.蔽光生長的咖啡比向光生長的咖啡貴D.People should buy shade-grown coffee. 人們應(yīng)該買蔽光生長的咖啡32. The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show.段落 2 中的traditionally 作用是來顯示A.the positive effects of coffee. 咖啡的積極作用B.a change of coffee growth. 咖啡成長的變化C.something that is the most important.最重要的事情D.how coffee production used to be. 咖啡生產(chǎn)過去如何33. What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about? 陽光充足的咖啡增加的產(chǎn) 量帶來什么 ?A.More insects. 更多的昆蟲B.Better quality coffee.質(zhì)量更好的咖啡C.Larger farms. 更大的農(nóng)場D.Higher profits. 更高利潤34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?農(nóng)民如何找更多的土地來種植陽光充足的咖啡A.They buy more land from other farmers.B.They cut down trees.C.They move to another country.D.They turn grassland into farmland.35. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPTfull sun方式可能影響以下A.insects. 昆蟲B.air. 空氣C.brids. 鳥D.humans 人類第二篇More Rural Research is NeededAgricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than itdoes now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良 ）andpoverty. ” he sa id.Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation（貧瘠化 ）and environmentalproblems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world s ability to feed itself in the first 25years, when the world s population is expected to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there ll still be a lot of hungry people.The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the currenti pattern. If there is any change, a slighe improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.The debeloping world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product（GDP）on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs（ 有用的副產(chǎn)品 ）for Mexico, China or India.“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strate gic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently.”Dr. Fischer said.Yields of rice, wheat ad maize（ 玉米 ）havegrown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted.“If you want to save theland for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you re going to have toincrease yield. ” Dr. Fischer said.36. What is the passage mainly about?A. Shortage of food supplies. 食物供應(yīng)短缺B. Development of agricultural technologies.農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展C. Impact of agricultural research.農(nóng)業(yè)研究的影響D. Expectation of population growth.人口增長的期望值37. Which of the following statements is true about the world s agricultural researchfunding? 關(guān)于世界農(nóng)業(yè)研究資金一下正確的是A. It is increasing among developed countries.發(fā)達國家的正在增長B. It is decreasing worldwide.全球都在下降C. Less is demanded from developing countries.發(fā)展中國際比較不需要D. Most of it is spent very efficiently.大部分都高效使用38. What is the picture of Asia s food supplies in the first 25 years?在第一個25 年中，亞洲食物供應(yīng)的圖景是什么食物短缺不再是問題A. Food shortage will not be a problem東亞饑餓的人會減少在南亞會有更多饑餓的人人口增長會導(dǎo)致更多饑餓的人關(guān)于技術(shù)說了什么B. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.C. Population growth will result in more hungry people.D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? Dr FischerA. They are costly. 他們貴必須提高來滿足當(dāng)?shù)氐男枨驜. They have to be improved to meet local needs.C. Their application is limited.應(yīng)用很少D. They have to be applied locally. 必須應(yīng)用在當(dāng)?shù)?0. It can be infered from the last paragraph that.從最后一段可以推測出來A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.有需要為非農(nóng)業(yè)活動節(jié)省土地在發(fā)展中國家，種植業(yè)發(fā)展更B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries.快C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.玉米產(chǎn)量在1990 年代達到最高For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995 只是說上升了 并沒有說達到最高錯誤D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed.提高玉米產(chǎn)量的技術(shù)已經(jīng)很好的發(fā)展第三篇Dangers await babies with altitudeWomen who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. L Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary（冠狀的 ） heart disease. And newborns with a highratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.41. What does the new study discover?A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.42. Giussani and his team are sure that .A. babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.C. the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is Santa Cruz.D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.43. It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that.A. the finding was unexpectedB. he was very tired.C. the study took longer than expected.D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the underweight babies is .A. lack of certain nutrition.B. powerty of their mother.C. different family backgrounds.D. reduction of oxygen levels.45. It can be learned about form the paragraph that.A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life.B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span.C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth.D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.第5部分：補全短文（第4650題，每題2分，共10分）下面的短文有5 處空白，短文后面有6 個句子，其中 5 個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。Saving a Citys Public ArtAvoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the citys colorful freewaymurals（ 壁畫 ）can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict（描述 ）famous peopleand historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world.But the combination of graffiti（涂鴉 ）, pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. muralsin terrible condition. （46）in the past, experts say, little attention was given tocaring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway.(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected and more may be added later.Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting(48)The most famous mural in the city is Judith Bacas "The Great Wall," a 13-foot-high(4- meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood, (49)it took eight years to complete 400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs and is probably the longest mural in the world.One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchells "Seventh StreetAltarpiece." which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. (50) Twitchellsaid, "it was meant as a kind of gateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive. The open hands represent peace."Artists often call murals the peoples art. Along a busy freeway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can teach people who would never pay money to see fine art in a museum, "Murals give a voice to the silent majority," s