職稱英語 理工A第2套 爭(zhēng)鋒軟件考前沖刺密卷

2014爭(zhēng)鋒軟件考前沖刺密卷（理工A 第2套/共2套）本試卷是爭(zhēng)鋒軟件教研專家組在2014年考前特意為學(xué)員朋友準(zhǔn)備的考前磨刀石，其重要程度絕不亞于考前押題。建議打印出來進(jìn)行作答。考前最后幾天備考方案：3月2425日：把考前押題當(dāng)做練習(xí)，認(rèn)真作答同時(shí)記憶。實(shí)在記不住的，也要最大程度加深印象（金牌保過版客戶，閱讀理解部分在自己作答之后，請(qǐng)結(jié)合軟件中“名師課堂-閱讀理解精講”課程進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，以減輕學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)，增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)效果）。3月2627日：閉卷作答沖刺密卷，然后認(rèn)真參照答案、解析、全文翻譯進(jìn)行仔細(xì)回顧，做到對(duì)每一個(gè)題、每一篇文章及翻譯都有深刻印象。強(qiáng)調(diào)沖刺密卷必須閉卷作答，就當(dāng)是在考試一樣，這樣印象才會(huì)深刻（不排除沖刺密卷中有考試題的可能性）。3月28日：（1）強(qiáng)化記憶考前押題 （2）把做過的沖刺密卷從頭到尾認(rèn)真看一遍再加深印象。使用字典排版方式的朋友，請(qǐng)熟悉每篇文章在排版中的位置，以便考試時(shí)能迅速查閱。幾天時(shí)間要做這么多題，掌握這么多內(nèi)容，可能確實(shí)有些難為大家了，知道大家工作都很辛苦，很忙，但是為了您能一次過關(guān)，請(qǐng)大家務(wù)必咬牙堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)持就是勝利！再苦再累也就幾天時(shí)間，請(qǐng)一定嚴(yán)格按以上要求進(jìn)行最后階段沖刺備考！加油！勝利一定屬于您！第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng) （第115題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每一處劃線部分確定一個(gè)意思接近的選項(xiàng)。1The latest car model embodies many new improvementsA)consists of B)includes C)makes up D)marks2Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle AgesA)crudely B)rarely C)originally D)symbolically3Medicine depends on other fields for basic information，particularly some of their specialized branchesA)conventionally B)obviously C)especially D)inevitably4The discovery was sensationalA)sexy B)surprising C)exceptional D)exciting5.We shall take the treasure away to a safe placeA)clean B)pretty C)distant D)secure6. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingeniousA) effective B)clever C)implausible D)original7 .The curious look from the strangers around her mad her feel uneasy.A)difficult B)worried C)anxious D)unhappy 8In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue。A) extremely thorough B) long and boring C)superficial D)unconvincing 9The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to meA)reasonable B)sensible C)crazy D)unbelievable 10Examination papers of the class were marked without biasA)immediately B)correctly C)fairly D)carefully 11Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for itA)competitive B)diligent C)qualified D)competent 12The Constitutions vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change A) impreciseB)conciseC) unpolishedD)elementary 13Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment A) acceptableB)conservativeC)westernD)conventional 14It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed，notably in the pensions area A) noticeablyB)remarkablyC)particularlyD)significantly 15Loud noises can be annoying A) hateful B)painfulC)horrifyingD)irritating第2部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。BiodieselYuthachai of Thailand has invented a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel, a biodiesel derived from vegetable oil. Biocliesel is winning political backing in Thailand because it uses coconut and palm oil, both of which are in price slumps, and it limits the reliance on overseas petroleum source, which have become increasingly expensive.Yuthachai, 56, has patented his coconut-oil fuel-making process. He developed his biodiesel 18 years ago, using knowledge he gained from working on a plantation and fixing farm machinery. He now sells his fuel at service stations, but refuses to sell his patent, despite attractive offers from overseas oil firms. He is determined to retain control of his formula and keep it accessible to farmers, so they can make their own fuel.There are several formulations of biodiesel, but Yuthachais is one of the most basic, using 20 parts crude coconut oil to one part kerosene. It requires only simple, affordable technology to make and works in unmodified, slow-running engines.Despite the public interest in loiodiesel, the government has been cautious about Yuthachais fuel. Since there is currently no regulatory system for vegetable-oil fuels, Yuthachais fuel cannot be used in regular vehicles. But farmers and ferry operators are more enthusiastic, buying 700,000 liters a day of biodiesel made from crude vegetable oils to run farm machines and boats. Demand is growing: A liter of biodiesel is 4-6 US cents cheaper than diesel.According to some scientists, the biodiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as easily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage engines in the long run. A solution may soon come from using waste cooking oil. An experimental biodiesel plant to refine the waste oil is being built in Thailand. The plant will show the biodiesel-making potential of 60,000 tonnes of waste cooking oil that Bangkok generates daily.Other Asian countries have been researching biodiesel-Malaysia, and the Philippines for 20 years-but Thailand is the first country to have public policy supporting its commercialization.That trend looks like continuing, with the government in talks with a U. S. company to build a more advanced plant in Thailand. Until thats working, homegrown biodiesels will help boost the fortunes of struggling Thais.16Thailand suffers a lot due to the price slumps of its biodiesel.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned17Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned18Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned19Malaysia, and the Philippines are the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned20Yuthachais fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned21Yuthachai, the inventor of biodiesel, is currently the general manager of a US-Thailand joint venture in Bangkok.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned22It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmers interest before his own.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned第3部分 概括大意與完成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1、2、4、5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。Hurricanes1 Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability (不可預(yù)知) factor of the storms. In 1979: realizing the sexist （性別歧視的）nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.2 Hurricanes and typhoons (臺(tái)風(fēng)) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning “big wind”. And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning “ great wind”. To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.3 Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water .vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝結(jié)) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.4 Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year ! The problem is that we dont know how to make sure such great energy work for us.5 Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (發(fā)瘋的) if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.6 The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.AA short history of naming hurricanesBHarnessing the hurricane energyCDifficulty in forecasting the course of a humcaneDHuge energy stored in a hurncaneEForecasting a humcane through satellite watchingFDifferent names for the same things23、Paragraph 1_24、Paragraph 2_25、Paragraph 4_26、Paragraph 5_27 Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of_28 Using weather satellites can ensure_ of hurricanes.29 Energy specialists may be interested in _of hurricanes.30 Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to_Athe timely（及時(shí)的）discoveryBconvenienceCsex equalityDits connection with humansEthe huge powerFits uncertainty第4部分 閱讀理解（第3335題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇 Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel.Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil , but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the worlds poor too. “Renewable” refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas Three Gorges Dam, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly contribute greenhouse gases.In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines.As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation quadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benign they can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint, altering climate and killing sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them. Scotland is building Europes largest wind farm, which will power 200000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable.31.What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article?A.Petroleum and coal. B.Natural gas.C.Wind and water. D.A and B.32.Chinas Three Gorges DamA.is the first hydroelectric dam in the worldB.is of the same size of the USs Hoover Dam.C.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world.D.supplies around 20% of the world electricity.33.Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?A.China. B.Norway. C.England. D.America.34.Which of the following statements is true of wind power?A.There is plenty of wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs.B.It is the most rapidly growing type of electricity production.C.It may not be reliable.D.All of the above.35.According to the article, resources such as windA.are sustainable but not replaceable.B.are renewable so sustainable.C.are sustainable so renewable.D.are irreplaceable.第二篇 Too Little for Global WarmingOil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet.The IPCCs predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of Uppsala University say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Their analysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined amount to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the worlds remaining reserves.Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panels work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the “conservative” Swedes.Even if oil and gas run out, “theres a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited.” He says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysisis a “shot across the bows” for policy makers.36.What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?A.The burning of coal will accelerate the arrival of Earths doomsday.B.The oil reserves are big enough to materialize the doomsday scenariosC.Melting ice caps and searing temperatures exist only in science fiction.D.Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earths doomsday will never materialize.37.Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree toA.pay attention to global meltdown.B.cut CO2 emissions.C.use more green energyD.stop using fossil fuels.38.What are the estimates of the worlds oil and gas reserves?A.4,000 billion barrels by the average forecast.B.8,000 billion barrels estimated by the Swedes.C.3,500 barrels envisaged by IPCC.D.3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.39.Which of the following about Nebojsa NaJcicenovic is true?A.He thinks fossil fuels are as dirty as oil and gasB.He thinks green fuels will replace oil and gas eventually.C.He thinks IPCCs view on the worlds oil reserves is too optimistic.D.He thinks that IPCCs estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.40.Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovics assertion that “ such a switch would be disastrous . . . "A.The IPCC scenarios would come true because burning coal will emit larger amounts of CO2.B.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.C.Oil and gas to replace coal as fuel would speed up the process of global warming.D.A switch from the IPCC scenarios to the policymakers ones would be disastrous第三篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us dont question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzeesas they competed for food resources， in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees to walk on two legs. “These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "，said Dr. Richmond. The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto Universitys “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely. In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available - even their mouths. The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time. 41.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carr