機械設計制造及其自動化 外文翻譯 外文文獻 英文文獻 智能照明控制系統(tǒng)

Intelligent Lighting Control SystemAbstract: This paper describes the development of lighting control systems, intelligent lighting control system mainly System functions and applications are discussed.Key words: intelligent lighting control bus transfer protocol green energy1、IntroductionWith the continuous development of our economy, rapidly rising living standards, people working and living environment have become increasingly demanding, while the lighting system requirements have become more sophisticated, the traditional lighting technology has been a strong blow. On the one hand because of information technology and computer technology changes in lighting technology, providing technical support; the other hand, due to energy shortage, the state more and more attention on energy-saving lighting, new lighting control technology to develop rapidly to meet with By energy conservation, comfort, convenience requirements. Lighting control lighting control from the traditional manual method, automated lighting control to todays intelligent lighting control.Intelligent lighting control system is based on computer-controlled all-digital platform, modular, distributed bus control system, the central processor modules communicate directly through the network bus, the bus makes use of lighting, dimming, blinds, scene control to achieve intelligent, and become a complete bus system. Can be based on changes in the external environment in the device automatically adjust the status of the bus to reach safety, energy conservation, human effects, and can use in the future, in accordance with the requirements of users through the computer re- Way to increase or modify the systems functionality, without having to re-laying of cables, intelligent lighting control system, high reliability, flexible control, lighting control is the traditional way can not be done. 2.1 The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system 2.1.1 System components Intelligent lighting control system is usually dimmer module, switch module, input module, the control panel, liquid crystal display touch screen, smart sensors, PC interface, time management module, hand-held programmer, monitoring computer (need to bridge a large network connection) and other components composition. 1) The basic principle of the dimming module is a microprocessor (CPU) The size of the opening angle control SCR to control the average amplitude of the output voltage to adjust the brightness of light sources. 2) switch module is controlled by the power switch relay output to control light. 3) input module is to accept passive contact signals transmitted to the microprocessor via the bus. 4) The control panel is intuitive operation for control of lighting scenes were the parts, which is controlled by a microprocessor, can be programmed to complete a variety of different control requirements. Enter symbol identifying the microprocessor, after processing control information sent via the bus, to control the corresponding dimming of the light source module or switching module control the dimming or switch control. 5) The illumination of the sensor interface module for connection to detection, there is detection, motion detection and other sensors. 6) Time Management module control system with another device on the bus interface to automate tasks and time control. 2.1.2 Monitoring Contents 1) The central control system through the central station and the system software on the switch, dimming, clock, lighting, monitoring and management of the state. 2) switch control, by the central station, local control panel for lights for open, close control. 3) dimming control, by the central station, local control panel for lighting the illumination from zero to maximum control. 4) The time clock control system based on pre-set time for light to open and close control. 5) The astronomical clock control, enter the local latitude and longitude, the system automatically calculate the day of the sunset time, this time to control lighting according to the scene changes. 6) The scene control, through the central station, local control panel programming, lights were on, off, dimming control settings. 7) Remote control, remote control via hand-held control panel with infrared light for the region under the control turned off, dimming control. 8) The illumination system according to the illumination detection sensor detection data (light, light and dark), in accordance with the pre-set parameters to automatically turn on lights, turn off, dimming control. 9) exists, motion control, according to presence detection, motion detection sensors and other detection data, in accordance with the pre-set parameters to automatically turn on lights, turn off, dimming control. 10) joint control, through the input module receives the video security monitoring system, intrusion alarm systems, access control systems, automatic fire alarm system in the coordinated control signals to switch on the light source control or dimming control. 11) Remote control, lighting control through the Internet for remote monitoring and control system: including lighting box lighting system parameter setting changes; on the system to monitor the state of the scene illumination; state of the system to control lighting scenes. 12) Graphic control, users can use the electronic map function on the entire region for visual control of the lighting, the floor plan of the whole building can be entered into the system, and use different colors to represent the current state of the region. 2.2 Intelligent lighting control system data transmission In the international lighting control system data transmission network without uniform standards, the current way of the main twisted pair, power line carrier transmission and three types of radio frequency transmission. These three transmission data rates, reliability of transmission is quite different. 2.2.1 twisted-pair transmission To twisted pair transmission twisted pair transmission network for information, the laying of lines separately for new construction, expansion of the project. There are in this way The following advantages: 1) hardware and software protocol completely open, perfect, common good.2) lines at both ends of transformer isolation, immunity to interference, lightning protection performance. 3) transmission speed. 4) The system capacity is almost unlimited, the system will not increase the emergence of unexpected failures. 5) as an information transmission medium, a large number of sophisticated equipment for general use. 2.2.2 Power Line Carrier transmission Use of electric power line carrier transmission of information transmission network, without laying a single line for data transmission of the signals can be applied to new construction, expansion of the project, and especially for reconstruction projects. Power line carrier transmission in the current fluctuations due to power lines, data transfer rate and reliability of data transmission by a greater impact, reducing efficiency. When the monitoring equipment for a long time, no reliable data transmission may cause the system to a standstill. 2.2.3 Radio frequency transmission Radio frequency transmission of information using wireless radio transmission network as the system can not only satisfy the functional requirements, indoor no wiring, simple construction, can save the construction investment for new construction, expansion of the project, and especially for reconstruction project. RF operating frequency consistent with IEEE802.11b standards. 2.3 The scope of application of intelligent lighting control system Lighting control system can be incandescent, fluorescent, energy saving lamps, quartz lamps and other light dimming the lights on all occasions to control the environment to meet a variety of lighting requirements. 1) offices, schools, hospitals, factories and other places of the lighting system, using the time control system on the light on, turn off the automatic control, the use of illumination sensor that automatically adjusts the illumination, energy conservation. Can be the central monitoring and control system can be connected with the construction equipment. 2) Theatre, conference rooms, clubs and other places of use of system functions and dimming the scene switches can be easily converted a variety of lighting scenarios, multi-point control. Light source can be controlled through the system, air conditioning, electric fans, electric curtains, Canada Heater and other electrical equipment. 3) The venue sports venues match required by hierarchical control, large venue should be a single light control. 4) The municipal works, squares, parks and other outdoor public places, the group using the system control software can control lighting throughout the region, the use of illumination sensors, time switches to achieve lighting automation control, system monitoring software using intelligent lighting control. 5) areas where street lighting should be based on the geographical location and seasonal variation to determine a reasonable time to switch lights and the sky brightness changes according to the necessary amendments, the use of light control and time control of a combination of intelligent control. 6) Landscape lighting used in peacetime, the general holidays, major holidays and other control mode. 2.4 Application of intelligent lighting control system features 2.4.1 use of lighting control system, realization of the intelligent lighting control, lighting systems can run in automatic state. 1) The system will be pre-set to switch a number of basic working conditions, such as: "day", "night", "security" and "clean", "Weekend" and "lunch" and, according to pre-set time automatically in the to switch between various working conditions. For example, work time comes, the system will automatically turn on the lights and the light intensity is automatically adjusted to the most appropriate level of staff. In the window Room, the system can intelligently use of outdoor natural light, when the weather was fine, automatically dimming interior lamp; weather and dark, indoor lamp auto light, to always maintain a constant brightness of room (at pre-set requirements of the brightness). 2) When the end of each working day, the system will automatically enter the "evening" work status, auto slow dimming the lights of the region; the same time, the system function will automatically detect the presence of force, so that no one in the office of the lights automatically turn off ; same time, there can guarantee detection of the office employees to work overtime at the appropriate brightness light. 3) The system of public corridors and staircases and other public areas of the light coordination, when the office has employees to work overtime, the staircases, corridors and other public areas to maintain the basic brightness of the lights, only when the person has completed all the post-office before the light transferred to the "safe" state or turned off. 4) manual control panel or remote control, free to change the illumination of the region. 5) For the reception hall, restaurant, conference rooms, lounges and entertainment venues, may be based on different times of day, different uses of the pre-set lighting scenes, use only the best call to pre-set lighting scenes, to desired visual effects. 2.4.2 maintain the consistency of illumination of new buildings into use, the illumination than the required high illumination. This is taken into account as time goes on, the efficiency of light reflection rate and room walls the sake of continued decay. If the designers in the early design of the standard illumination, then, not how long it will less than the standard room illumination, illumination not meet business requirements. It is because of the high illumination of this new design of the room, not only resulted in use of office space (or twice at intervals decoration) of the illumination inconsistency, and because of the high illumination unnecessary waste of energy. Use of lighting control systems, as can be intelligent dimming, though still high illumination design, but the system will be in accordance with the standard pre-set brightness to the office during the period in the use of constant illumination, without reducing the efficiency of lighting and wall reflection coefficient of attenuation. 2.4.3 create a good working environment, improve work efficiency in the office, with dimmable electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps in the smart Under the control of lighting control system with the traditional fluorescent lighting systems have significant advantages compared to. Conventional fluorescent ballasts to 100Hz frequency flashing (2 times the grid frequency), this strobe enable staff to head swollen, eye fatigue and reduce work efficiency. The dimmable electronic ballasts are working in very high frequency (40kHz 70kHz), not only to overcome the flicker, but also to eliminate the starter when the brightness of the instability, provides a comfortable environment conducive to health, but also improve the efficiency. 2.4.4 create a good environment for good lighting design service is able to create a warm, comfortable environment, adding to its artistic charm. For example, the customers first impression of the hotel entrance to the lobby of the hotel reception area, elegant and unique light environment may give care Customers feel at home, add the goodwill of customers of the hotel, friendly and warm to attract a large number of customers; the banquet hall, function rooms such as the use light colors, and different shading intensity projection method can create three-dimensional, layered different color atmosphere, not only the guests have a comfortable living environment, but also to bring art to the guests to enjoy, so that people have the feeling linger. 2.4.5 Open Lighting control system can be integrated into the construction equipment through the network monitoring system (BAS), Building Management System (BMS), the realization of the unified management of the building. 2.5 Technical Analysis 2.5.1 Line Investment savings Intelligent lighting control system is a system through the control bus to the various input, output and system support unit connected, power cable directly received from the distribution cabinet lighting or other electrical load, and without going through the switch. Do not have to consider when installing any control relationship, and then installed in the system settings through the software code of each units address in order to establish relations between the corresponding control. Compared with the traditional control method saves a lot of the original receipt of the switch to cable, but also shorten the time of installation and construction, saving labor costs. 2.5.2 significant energy savings 1) Intelligent lighting control system can take advantage of smart sensor sensing outdoor light, automatic adjustment of light intensity, the outdoor light intensity, indoor lighting weaker; outdoor natural light is weak, the indoor lighting to strong, to keep the interior a constant standard of illumination, both to create the best work environment, but also to save energy. 2) Since the lighting control system, through sound management, the use of smart clock management devices according to different dates, different times of the various functional areas in accordance with the operation of pre-set for illumination, no light, to ensure the lights off; in In fact, the majority of cases, many areas do not need all the lights on or open to the brightest, lighting control systems can provide the most economical energy consumption the most comfortable lighting; in some public areas such as conference rooms, lounges, etc., the use of existing detection function When someone entered the lamp is lit or switch to a preset scene. 2.5.3 extend the source life is the cause of death in light damage to over-voltage grid. The higher voltage source, doubling its life reduced. Therefore, maintaining a suitable light source voltage is an effective way to extend lamp life. Lighting control system can successfully suppress the impact of power grid voltage and surge voltage, the light will not cause the premature failure of the above. Can also be determined by the system to artificially limit the voltage to improve the light source life. Extend the life of not only save a lot of light fixtures, but also significantly reduce the workload of replacement light source, effectively reducing the operating costs of lighting systems, light sources for the difficult and expensive to install area lighting also has a special significance. 2.5.4 improve management, reduce maintenance cost intelligent lighting control system, general lighting artificial opening and closing converted into intelligent management, will greatly reduce operation and maintenance costs of lighting systems, and return on investment. 3. Conclusion Intelligent lighting control system allows a high degree of flexibility in lighting solutions, the system put into use, will bring high-quality lighting environment, improve the level of intelligent management of the entire building, you can easily adjust the lighting system, both to meet the aesthetic and practical requirements, at the same time to reach the green energy saving targets. Therefore, the intelligent lighting control system will have broader application.智能照明控制系統(tǒng)摘 要： 本文介紹了照明控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，主要對智能照明控制系統(tǒng)的功能和應用進行了論述。關鍵詞： 智能 照明控制 總線 傳輸 協(xié)議 綠色 節(jié)能1. 引言隨著我國經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展，人民生活水平迅速提高，人們對工作和生活環(huán)境的要求越來越高，同時對照明系統(tǒng)的要求也越來越高，傳統(tǒng)的照明技術受到了強烈沖擊。一方面由于信息技術和計算機技術的發(fā)展對照明技術的變化提供了技術支撐；另一方面，由于能源的緊缺，國家對照明節(jié)能越來越重視，新型的照明控制技術得以迅速發(fā)展，以滿足使用者節(jié)約能源、舒適性、方便性的要求。照明控制方式從傳統(tǒng)的手動照明控制方式、自動照明控制方式發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的智能照明控制方式。智能照明控制系統(tǒng)是基于計算機控制平臺的全數(shù)字、模塊化、分布式總線型控制系統(tǒng)，中央處理器、模塊之間通過網(wǎng)絡總線直接通信，利用總線使照明、調(diào)光、百葉窗、場景控制等實現(xiàn)智能化，并成為一個完整的總線系統(tǒng)?？梢罁?jù)外部環(huán)境的變化自動調(diào)節(jié)總線中設備的狀態(tài)，達到安全、節(jié)能、人性化的效果，并能在今后的使用中根據(jù)用戶的要求通過計算機重新編程來增加或修改系統(tǒng)的功能，而無須重新敷設電纜，智能照明控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性高，控制靈活，是傳統(tǒng)的照明控制方式所無法做到的。2.1 系統(tǒng)基本組成及監(jiān)控內(nèi)容2.1.1 系統(tǒng)組成智能照明控制系統(tǒng)通常由調(diào)光模塊、開關模塊、輸入模塊、控制面板、液晶顯示觸摸屏、智能傳感器、PC 接口、時間管理模塊、手持式編程器、監(jiān)控計算機（大型網(wǎng)絡需網(wǎng)橋連接）等部件組成。1） 調(diào)光模塊的基本原理是由微處理器（CPU）控制可控硅的開啟角大小，從而控制輸出電壓的平均幅值去調(diào)節(jié)光源的亮度。2） 開關模塊是由繼電器輸出控制電源的開關，從而控制光源。3） 輸入模塊是接受無源接點信號，通過總線傳輸給微處理器。4） 控制面板是供人直觀操作控制燈光場景的部件，它是由微處理器進行控制的，可以通過編程完成各種不同的控制要求。微處理器識別輸入鍵符，進行處理后通過總線發(fā)出控制信息，去控制相應的調(diào)光模塊或開關模塊對光源進行調(diào)光控制或開關控制。5）傳感器接口模塊用于連接照度探測、存在探測、移動探測等傳感器。6）時間管理模塊能與控制系統(tǒng)總線上的設備互相接口，實現(xiàn)自動化任務和時間控制。2.1.2 監(jiān)控內(nèi)容1）中央控制，通過中央站以及系統(tǒng)軟件實現(xiàn)對整個系統(tǒng)的開關、調(diào)光、時針、燈光狀態(tài)的進行監(jiān)控及管理。2）開關控制，可以由中央站、就地控制面板對燈光進行開啟、關閉控制。3）調(diào)光控制，可以由中央站、就地控制面板對燈光進行從照度零到最大的控制。4）定時時鐘控制，系統(tǒng)根據(jù)預先設定的時間對燈光進行開啟、關閉控制。5）天文時鐘控制，輸入當?shù)氐慕?jīng)緯度，系統(tǒng)自動推算出當天的日落時間，根據(jù)此時間來控制照明場景的變化。6）場景控制，可以通過中央站、就地控制面板進行編程，對燈光進行開啟、關閉、調(diào)光控制的設置。7）遙控控制，可以通過手持遙控器對設有紅外線控制面板所控制區(qū)域的燈光進行開啟、關閉、調(diào)光控制。8）照度控制，根據(jù)照度探測傳感器的探測數(shù)據(jù)（光線明、暗），按照預先設定的參數(shù)自動對燈光進行開啟、關閉、調(diào)光控制。9）存在、移動控制，根據(jù)存在探測、移動探測等傳感器的探測數(shù)據(jù)，按照預先設定的參數(shù)自動對燈光進行開啟、關閉、調(diào)光控制。10）聯(lián)動控制，通過輸入模塊接收視頻安防監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、入侵報警系統(tǒng)、出入口控制系統(tǒng)、火災自動報警系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)動控制信號，對光源進行開關控制或調(diào)光控制。11）遠程控制，可以通過Internet 對照明控制系統(tǒng)進行遠程監(jiān)控：包括對系統(tǒng)中照明箱照明參數(shù)的設定修改；對系統(tǒng)的場景照明狀態(tài)進行監(jiān)視；對系統(tǒng)的場景照明狀態(tài)進行控制。12 ）圖示化控制，用戶可以使用電子地圖功能對整個區(qū)域的照明進行直觀的控制，可將整個建筑物的平面圖輸入系統(tǒng)中，并用不同的顏色來表示該區(qū)域當前的狀態(tài)。2.2 智能照明控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式在國際上照明設施控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸網(wǎng)絡無統(tǒng)一的標準，目前主要有雙絞線傳輸方式、電力載波傳輸方式和無線射頻傳輸方式三種類型。這三種傳輸方式的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率、傳輸?shù)目煽砍潭扔休^大區(qū)別。2.2.1 雙絞線傳輸方式雙絞線傳輸方式以雙絞線為信息傳輸網(wǎng)，需單獨敷設線路，適用于新建、擴建的工程。此方式主要有以下優(yōu)點：1） 軟硬件協(xié)議完全開放、完善，通用性好。2）線路兩端變壓器隔離，抗干擾性強，防雷性能好。3）傳輸速度快。4）系統(tǒng)容量幾乎不受限制，不會因系統(tǒng)增大而出現(xiàn)不可預料的故障。5）作為信息傳輸介質(zhì)，有大量成熟的通用設備可以選用。2.2.2 電力載波傳輸方式電力載波傳輸方式利用電力線為信息傳輸網(wǎng)，不用單獨敷設線路就可實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)信號的傳輸適用于新建、擴建的工程，且特別適用于改造的工程。電力載波傳輸方式由于電力線中電流波動，數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率及數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃允艿捷^大影響、效率降低。當監(jiān)控設備多時，數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)牟豢煽靠赡軙е孪到y(tǒng)癱瘓。2.2.3 無線射頻傳輸方式無線射頻傳輸方式利用無線射頻作為信息傳輸網(wǎng)，該系統(tǒng)不僅在功能上能完全滿足要求，室內(nèi)無需布線，施工簡單，可以節(jié)省施工的投資，適用于新建、擴建的工程，且特別適用于改造的工程。無線射頻的工作頻率符合IEEE802.11b 標準要求。2.3 智能照明控制系統(tǒng)適用范圍照明控制系統(tǒng)可以對白熾燈、日光燈、節(jié)能燈、石英燈等多種光源調(diào)光，對各種場合的燈光進行控制，滿足各種環(huán)境對照明的要求。