高中英語選修六unit1 語法 虛擬語氣

選修六unit1 語法 虛擬語氣一、概念 語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法或態(tài)度。英語中有三種語氣：陳述語氣（The Indicative Mood）、祈使語氣（The Imperative Mood）、和虛擬語氣（The Subjunctive Mood）。陳述語氣是用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或提出一種看法；祈使語氣則表示請求、命令、警告或勸告等，而虛擬語氣則表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。I saw Wang Ping yesterday. 語氣Do come to the meeting next Monday. 語氣 If I were you, I would not do it like that. 語氣二、虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用在含有虛擬語氣條件句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣，現(xiàn)將其形式列表如下：假設(shè)情況條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)（be-were）would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反1) 一般過去時(shí)（be-were）2) should+動(dòng)詞原形3) were to+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(shí)（had +過去分詞）would/should/might/could have done 特別提示：u 主句中的should只用于第一人稱，但在美國英語中，should常被would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱。1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I _(be) you, I _(tell)him the truth. If she _（have） enough money, she _(buy) a computer.2) 與將來事實(shí)相反If it _, the crops would be saved.要是能下雨的話，莊稼就能得救了。3）與過去事實(shí)相反If you _(take) my advice, you _(not fail) in the exam.如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格。（事實(shí)上你根本沒聽我的） u 在虛擬條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。If I were you, I would do it another way.=_, I would do it another way.If I should have time, I would help Tom with his maths.=_, I would help Tom with his maths.If it hadnt been for his help, I wouldnt have finished the work on time.=_, I wouldnt have finished the work on time三、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用1) 動(dòng)詞wish 后的賓語從句I wish (that) +從句一般過去時(shí)（be-were）表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬would/ could +動(dòng)詞原形表示對將來的虛擬過去完成時(shí)（had done）表示對過去的虛擬I wish it _(be) spring in my hometown all the year round.I wish I _(meet) him yesterday.特別提示：wish本身可以是過去式，表示過去的一種愿望，that從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受影響。He wished that he _(not tell) Lucy the bad news yesterday.2) 在表示堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，謂語用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”should可省略。一堅(jiān)持：insist二命令：order，command三建議：suggest，propose，advise四要求：request，require，demand，ask1 She asked that she _ of developments.A should keep inform B be kept informed C should be keep to inform D keep inform 2 The doctor advised that he _(change) his job.特別提示suggest 表“暗示、表明”，insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。1 The smile on his face suggested that he _(be) satisfied with our work.2 The man insisted that he _(never steal) the money.3）在would rather 后的賓語從句中，謂語常用過去式來表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M，用過去完成時(shí)表示對過去的虛擬。 did/ be-were 對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂Mwould rather sb had done 對過去的虛擬Id rather you _(go) tomorrow.Id rather she _(do) that. 我寧愿她沒那樣做。當(dāng)堂檢測1 If I had worn my overcoat, I _ cold.A wont have caught B couldnt have caught C wont catch D wouldnt catch 2 -Shall we go to the movie tonight? -No, Id rather _ at home with our baby.A you stayed B you stay C stayed D to stay 3 -Mike, its a pity you didnt come to the opening ceremony of the 11th National Games. It was really great! -Really? If I _ so busy, I would have gone.A hadnt been B werent C shouldnt be D wouldnt be 4 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a visit.A come B would come C came D have come 5 Should the weather be good tomorrow, we _ climbing.A had gone B could have gone C would go D went 6 -Why didnt you buy the flat? -I _, but I didnt have the money.A would have B bought C would like to D had bought 7 I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A has come B did come C came D had come 8 I wish I _ English hard when I was young, but it is too late now.A had studied B have studied C studied D study 9 Seeing we were very tired, Jack suggested that we _ a ten-minute coffee break.A could take B may take C must take D take 10 The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free immediately.A did, set B had done, should be set C do, be set D had done, must be set 11 _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Water Cube.A Were B Should C Would D Will 3