職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)綜合B 閱讀理解押題 孫偉老師【占30分必須掌握】

專(zhuān)業(yè)第27課綜合B閱讀押題機(jī)會(huì)只給有準(zhǔn)備的人。Opportunities are only for the prepared person. 孫老師特別提示：押題變成了猜題，極不靠譜，請(qǐng)大家做好無(wú)原題或押不中的準(zhǔn)備！閱讀文章通常有二種性質(zhì)：1、 新出文章，通常比較規(guī)范，比較簡(jiǎn)單明了,容易得分。2、 教材中文章一篇(所謂的押題)，通常有兩種情況。1.比較規(guī)范，比較簡(jiǎn)單明了,容易得分。2.很不規(guī)范，很難！不易得分！但真的出現(xiàn)在卷子上時(shí) 往往會(huì)對(duì)提問(wèn)及選項(xiàng)進(jìn)改動(dòng)，使其比較規(guī)范，比較簡(jiǎn)單明了,容易得分。綜合閱讀押題 2014共4篇文章 第二十九篇 IllBeBach（綜合B）2014 新增 26課講過(guò)第十九篇 The Family（綜合B）第二十篇 Tales 傳說(shuō) 故事of the Terrible 可怕的Past（綜合B）第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries世紀(jì) Ago（綜合B）已考過(guò)第三十篇 “Lucky” Lord Lucan伯爵 - Alive or Dead（綜合B） 閱讀重點(diǎn)文章 2014共4篇文章 IllBeBach （綜合B） The Family（綜合B） Tales 傳說(shuō) 故事of the Terrible 可怕的Past（綜合B） Seeing the World Centuries世紀(jì) Ago（綜合B）第二十九篇 IllBeBach Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Copes computer. It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good, but it was a start. Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more. complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database., A few years later, Copes computer program, called "Emmy", was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computers musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesnt like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days! 注釋?zhuān)?.J.S.Bach：約翰.塞巴斯蒂安.巴赫(德語(yǔ)：JohannSebastianBach，1685年3月31日-1750年7月28日)，巴洛克時(shí)期的德國(guó)作曲家，杰出的管風(fēng)琴、小提琴、大鍵琴演奏家，同作曲家亨德?tīng)柡吞├章R名。巴赫被普遍認(rèn)為是音樂(lè)史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊稱(chēng)為“西方現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。練習(xí)：l.ThemusiccomposedbyDavidcopeisaboutAclassicalmusic. Bpopmusic. Cdrama. Dcountrymusic.2.Bydevelopingacomputersoftware,DavidCopeaimedAtobelikeBach.BtostudyBach.Ctowriteanopera.Dtocreateamusicaldatabase3.WhatdidCoperealizeaboutagreatcomposersbrain?AItformsnewmusicalpatternsallbyitself.BItwritesacomputerprogram.CItcanrecognizeanymusicpatterns.DItcreatesanaccuratedatabase.4.WhoisEmmy?AadatabaseBacomputersoftwareCacomposerwhohelpedDavidDanopera5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatADavidCopeisacomputerprogrammer.BDavidCopelovesmusic.CBachsmusichelpedhimalot.DEmmydidmuchmoreworkthanacomposer.第二十九篇 IllBeBach Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Copes computer. 作曲家大衛(wèi)科普發(fā)明了一個(gè)電腦軟件，它能編寫(xiě)出古典音樂(lè)的原創(chuàng)作品。科普花了 30年才 完成這個(gè)軟件，現(xiàn)在，科普的電腦寫(xiě)出的作品與德國(guó)著名作曲家J.S.巴赫寫(xiě)的作品很相似，很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。 It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. 這一切始于1980年的美國(guó)，那時(shí)科普正在寫(xiě)一部戲劇，但是他無(wú)法創(chuàng)作出新的旋律于是他 編寫(xiě)了一個(gè)電腦軟件來(lái)幫他編曲。最開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，軟件寫(xiě)出的樂(lè)曲并不動(dòng)聽(tīng)。科普是怎么做的呢？ 他幵始重新考慮人們作曲的方式。他認(rèn)識(shí)到作曲家的大腦就像一個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，他們先是吸收他們 聽(tīng)過(guò)的所有音樂(lè)，然后去除他們不喜歡的，最后再根據(jù)留下的音樂(lè)來(lái)創(chuàng)作出新的旋律?？破照J(rèn)為， 只有偉大的作曲家才能建立好的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，并且能熟記于心，從而創(chuàng)造出新的音樂(lè)。 Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good, but it was a start. 科普根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的音樂(lè)建立了龐大的數(shù)據(jù)庳，最開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包含了幾百部巴赫的作品。 科普的軟件將這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析：首先它將音樂(lè)拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式，然后將片 段組合成新的模式。不久，這個(gè)軟件就能夠?qū)懗龊桶秃诊L(fēng)格很像的小曲子。它們并不完美，但這只是個(gè)開(kāi)始。 Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more. complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database. 科普知道，他要做的還有很多,他得寫(xiě)出一整部歌劇。他進(jìn)一步完善他的軟件，不久它就 能夠?qū)懗龈鼜?fù)雜的音樂(lè)了。他還在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。 A few years later, Copes computer program, called "Emmy", was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computers musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. 幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”已經(jīng)能夠幫助他創(chuàng)作歌劇了。創(chuàng)作過(guò)程要作曲家和艾米共同 配合?？破振雎?tīng)艾米寫(xiě)出的音樂(lè)片段，從中選取他認(rèn)為好的。有了艾米的幫助，科蓊只用了兩個(gè) 星期就完成了這部歌劇，叫做搖籃墜落。演出獲得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以來(lái)最高 的評(píng)價(jià)，但是沒(méi)有人知道他究竟是怎樣創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇的 Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesnt like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days! 從那以后，艾米已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了上千部作品。科普現(xiàn)在依然會(huì)給艾米反饋，吿訴她自己哪些音樂(lè)是 他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現(xiàn)在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來(lái)完成的！練習(xí)：l.ThemusiccomposedbyDavidcopeisaboutAclassicalmusic. Bpopmusic. Cdrama. Dcountrymusic.2.Bydevelopingacomputersoftware,DavidCopeaimedAtobelikeBach.BtostudyBach.Ctowriteanopera.Dtocreateamusicaldatabase3.WhatdidCoperealizeaboutagreatcomposersbrain?AItformsnewmusicalpatternsallbyitself.BItwritesacomputerprogram.CItcanrecognizeanymusicpatterns.DItcreatesanaccuratedatabase.4.WhoisEmmy?AadatabaseBacomputersoftwareCacomposerwhohelpedDavidDanopera5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatADavidCopeisacomputerprogrammer.BDavidCopelovesmusic.CBachsmusichelpedhimalot.DEmmydidmuchmoreworkthanacomposer.答案與題解：1.A第一段的第一句：DavidCope發(fā)明了一個(gè)可以編寫(xiě)出古典音樂(lè)的電腦軟件。2.C從第二段的第一句可以看出，David編寫(xiě)電腦軟件的目的是寫(xiě)歌劇。A、B和D都屬于創(chuàng)作歌劇的一部分。3.D第二段的后半部分講的是偉大的歌劇作者與一般的歌劇作者的不同之處是通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的構(gòu)建、記憶而后創(chuàng)作出新的音樂(lè)形式。4.B從第五段第一句可知Emmy是一計(jì)算機(jī)軟件。5.D從本文第一句可知David是一個(gè)作曲家，不是計(jì)算機(jī)程序員，所以排除A;B、C內(nèi)容沒(méi)有提及;從本文的第五段和第六段可知，Emmy大大提高了David的創(chuàng)作速度，最后一句，大部分困難的工作都由Emmy來(lái)做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。第二十九篇 我也能成為巴赫 作曲家大衛(wèi)科普發(fā)明了一個(gè)電腦軟件，它能編寫(xiě)出古典音樂(lè)的原創(chuàng)作品。科普花了 30年才 完成這個(gè)軟件，現(xiàn)在，科普的電腦寫(xiě)出的作品與德國(guó)著名作曲家J.S.巴赫寫(xiě)的作品很相似，很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。 這一切始于1980年的美國(guó)，那時(shí)科普正在寫(xiě)一部戲劇，但是他無(wú)法創(chuàng)作出新的旋律于是他 編寫(xiě)了一個(gè)電腦軟件來(lái)幫他編曲。最開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，軟件寫(xiě)出的樂(lè)曲并不動(dòng)聽(tīng)。科普是怎么做的呢？ 他幵始重新考慮人們作曲的方式。他認(rèn)識(shí)到作曲家的大腦就像一個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，他們先是吸收他們 聽(tīng)過(guò)的所有音樂(lè)，然后去除他們不喜歡的，最后再根據(jù)留下的音樂(lè)來(lái)創(chuàng)作出新的旋律?？破照J(rèn)為， 只有偉大的作曲家才能建立好的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，并且能熟記于心，從而創(chuàng)造出新的音樂(lè)。 科普根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的音樂(lè)建立了龐大的數(shù)據(jù)庳，最開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包含了幾百部巴赫的作品。 科普的軟件將這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析：首先它將音樂(lè)拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式，然后將片 段組合成新的模式。不久，這個(gè)軟件就能夠?qū)懗龊桶秃诊L(fēng)格很像的小曲子。它們并不完美，但這 只是個(gè)開(kāi)始。 科普知道，他要做的還有很多,他得寫(xiě)出一整部歌劇。他進(jìn)一步完善他的軟件，不久它就 能夠?qū)懗龈鼜?fù)雜的音樂(lè)了。他還在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。 幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”已經(jīng)能夠幫助他創(chuàng)作歌劇了。創(chuàng)作過(guò)程要作曲家和艾米共同 配合?？破振雎?tīng)艾米寫(xiě)出的音樂(lè)片段，從中選取他認(rèn)為好的。有了艾米的幫助，科蓊只用了兩個(gè) 星期就完成了這部歌劇，叫做搖籃墜落。演出獲得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以來(lái)最高 的評(píng)價(jià)，但是沒(méi)有人知道他究竟是怎樣創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇的。從那以后，艾米已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了上千部作品?？破宅F(xiàn)在依然會(huì)給艾米反饋，吿訴她自己哪些音樂(lè)是 他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現(xiàn)在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來(lái)完成的！ The Family 家 庭注：該文中心即文章題目-家庭結(jié)構(gòu) The structure結(jié)構(gòu) of a familyThe structure結(jié)構(gòu) of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family ; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. 在全世界，甚至在同一個(gè)社會(huì)中，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)有著不同的形式。家庭的構(gòu)成形式隨著不斷變化的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)影響而改變。直到最近，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式為核心家庭，由一對(duì)夫婦和他們未婚的孩子構(gòu)成。核心家庭是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單位。它必須能夠照料自己。家庭成員緊密依賴(lài)著彼此。在緊急情況下，外界提供給家庭的幫助微乎其微。核心家庭中，只有當(dāng)條件允許的時(shí)候，才會(huì)照料家中年長(zhǎng)的親屬。在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活，他們一般住在退休社區(qū)和養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)。There are many parallels相同的 between the nuclear family in industrial societies，such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits因紐特人的，who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.在工業(yè)社會(huì)，例如北美洲，核心家庭之間有很多相似點(diǎn)。在居住在惡劣環(huán)境中的因紐特人的社會(huì)中，家庭間也有很多相似點(diǎn)。核心家庭結(jié)構(gòu)良好地適應(yīng)于流動(dòng)性的生活。在惡劣的條件下，流動(dòng)性能讓一個(gè)家庭吃飽飯。對(duì)北美洲人來(lái)說(shuō)，找工作和提高社會(huì)地位同樣需要流動(dòng)性。The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian 農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)time，the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family，not just in North America, but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.核心家庭并不總是北美洲人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)時(shí)期，小型的核心家庭經(jīng)常是大家庭的一部分。其中可能包括了祖父母、父母、兄弟姐妹、叔伯、阿姨以及表兄弟姐妹。在現(xiàn)在的北美洲，單親家庭的數(shù)目大幅度增加。由核心家庭構(gòu)成的單親家庭的數(shù)目是美國(guó)由于離婚、分居或者未婚導(dǎo)致的單親家庭的兩倍。不僅在北美洲，在世界范圍內(nèi)，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)都會(huì)隨著不斷變化的條件而改變.練習(xí):1. Another good title題目 for this passage would be_. 3分本題問(wèn)的是: 這篇文章的題目是什么? A) What Makes a Family? B) The Life of the Inuits. C) Living with Hardship.D) The Failure 失敗of the Nuclear Family.1. 圍著中心轉(zhuǎn)（先讀有中心詞的選項(xiàng). 一般就是答案）。2. 先讀容易的選項(xiàng)（讀的懂的）,先讀短的。2. A nuclear family is defined定義（definition） as_.3分本題問(wèn)的是:核心家庭的定義是什么?A) a married couple with their minor 未成年人childrenB) a single father with，minor childrenC) parents，grandparents，and childrenD) parents，children，and aunts and uncles3. The information in this passage would most likely be found找到 in_.3分本題問(wèn)的是:這篇文章最有可能出自哪里?A) an anthropology 人類(lèi)學(xué)textbookB) a biology 生物學(xué)textbookC) a mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)textbookD) a geography 地理學(xué)textbook課文里根本沒(méi)有,只能靠查字典推測(cè)。4. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through _.本題問(wèn)的是:第一段的信息主要以何種方式陳述的?A) listing statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)B) telling a storyC) pointing out similaritiesD) pointing out differences必須讀懂第一段4. C 本題問(wèn)的是:第一段的信息主要以何種方式陳述的?根據(jù)第一段的陳述方式，并沒(méi)有列 出數(shù)據(jù)或者講故事，而是通過(guò)描述共性而闡述出核心家庭的概念。因此 C 是正確的答案。5. The word “mobility”活動(dòng)性, 靈活性, 遷移率, 機(jī)動(dòng)性 means_.本題問(wèn)的是: mobility 的詞意。P849 movable 3分A) moneyB) readiness to moveC) organizationD) skill詞匯:nuclear /nju:kh/ adj. 原子核的，中心的 harsh /ha:/ n. 嚴(yán)酷的 emergency /Im:dnsI/ n. 緊急狀況 agranan / grerln/ adj. 土地的，耕地的注釋:1. lt must be prepared to fend for itself. 它必須能夠照料自己。2. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. 在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活;他們一般住在退休社區(qū)和養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)。3. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. :在惡劣的條件下，流動(dòng)性能讓一個(gè)家庭吃飽飯。 答案與題解:1. A 本題問(wèn)的是:這篇文章的題目還可以是什么? A 的意思是是什么構(gòu)成了一個(gè)家。B 的意 思是因紐特人的生活。C 的意思是生活得很艱難。D 的意思是核心家庭的失敗之處。根據(jù)文意，本文主要介紹了與家庭相關(guān)的信息。B 不是主要內(nèi)容。C 未提到。D 未提到。因此A 是正確的答案。2. A 本題問(wèn)的是:核心家庭的定義是什么?根據(jù)第一段的第三句話(huà):Until recently，the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple withtheir minor children. 可知 A 是正確的答案。3. A 本題問(wèn)的是:這篇文章最有可能出自哪里? A 的意思是人類(lèi)學(xué)課本。B 的意思是生物課本。C的意思是數(shù)學(xué)課本。D 的意思是地理課本。本文主要介紹了家庭，因此最有可能是人類(lèi)學(xué)課本。所以 A 是正確的答案。 4. C 本題問(wèn)的是:第一段的信息主要以何種方式陳述的?根據(jù)第一段的陳述方式，并沒(méi)有列 出數(shù)據(jù)或者講故事，而是通過(guò)描述共性而闡述出核心家庭的概念。因此 C 是正確的答案。5. B 本題問(wèn)的是:mobility 的詞意。Mobility 是 mobile 的名詞形式。根據(jù)文中第二段，核心家庭能夠生存下去最重要的是能夠有流動(dòng)性，而錢(qián)、組織或是技能都不是能夠使一個(gè)家庭吃飽飯的必要條件。因此 B 是正確的答案。第二十篇 Tales 傳說(shuō) 故事of the Terrible 可怕的Past（綜合B）講述可怕的過(guò)去注：本文中心不好抓住，因其不是說(shuō)明文，而是介紹兩本關(guān)于奴隸的小說(shuō)。該文中心：小說(shuō)寵兒與中途專(zhuān)門(mén)闡述了奴隸制問(wèn)題。It is not the job of fiction 小說(shuō)writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.分析和詮釋歷史并不是小說(shuō)家的工作。然而通過(guò)用一種生動(dòng)有趣的方式來(lái)描寫(xiě)過(guò)去，小說(shuō)家可以重現(xiàn)早期時(shí)代，并引起讀者的重視。在敘述歷史的作家中，有一些黑人作家試圖從不同的角度審視奴隸制。Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy遺產(chǎn)of slavery in her book Beloved. The main character in this novel，a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War，but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences，the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband，who also tried to escape; and finally，what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrisons scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者托妮莫里森在她的作品寵兒中專(zhuān)門(mén)闡述了奴隸制問(wèn)題。小說(shuō)的主人公叫塞絲，她以前是個(gè)奴隸，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之后住在俄亥俄，但是她無(wú)法讓自己從可怕的記憶中解脫出來(lái)。通過(guò)一系列的倒序和痛苦的回憶，讀者了解到賽絲為什么以及怎樣逃出她賴(lài)以生存的種植園，她那同樣試圖逃出來(lái)的丈夫的命運(yùn)，以及最后發(fā)生在叫做寵兒的孩子身上的事情。莫里森對(duì)奴隸受折磨和遭謀殺的場(chǎng)景描寫(xiě)得很生動(dòng)，充分地表達(dá)出奴隸們的絕望以及奴隸主的殘酷。Charles Johnsons Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different，yet no less violent，vantage point. His main character，Rutherfprd Calhoun，is a neer-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo". Put to work after he is discovered，Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africans are transported. When they finally rebel and take over the ship，he finds himself in the middle - and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are.查爾斯約翰遜的小說(shuō)中途從另一個(gè)不同的角度來(lái)描寫(xiě)奴隸制，但同樣充滿(mǎn)著暴力。他的主人公叫做盧瑟?？柣舳鳎且粋€(gè)游手好閑、身份自由的美國(guó)黑人。他偷偷登上了一艘開(kāi)往非洲販賣(mài)奴隸的船只。被發(fā)現(xiàn)后，他開(kāi)始為之工作，并親眼目睹了非洲人被抓起來(lái)，然后被運(yùn)送到美國(guó)這種可怕的狀況。當(dāng)非洲人最終抵抗并占有了船只后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的中間性-并且被迫與他自己的身份和價(jià)值觀念妥協(xié)。Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read，but both exemplify說(shuō)明 African American writers attempts to bring significant有意義的, 重大的, 重要的 historical歷史(上)的 situations情況 alive 活生生的for a modem audience.不論是寵兒還是中途讀起來(lái)都不輕松，但是它們都是非裔美國(guó)作家努力為現(xiàn)代觀眾重現(xiàn)重要?dú)v史的典范之作。練習(xí):1. This passage is mostly (maily) about_.本題問(wèn)的是:這篇文章主要講什么?A) the causes of slavery in AmericaB) black writers in the late 20th centuryC) why Morrison and Johnson wrote the books they didD) two novels that deal with slavery2. Beloved 寵兒is set_.本題問(wèn)的是:“寵兒”的設(shè)置背景是什么?A) on a slave shipB) on a plantation before the Civil WarC) in Ohio after the Civil WarD) in an African town3. The writer seems to feel that_.本題問(wèn)的是:作者的感覺(jué)是什么?A) eveyone should read Morrisons and Johnsons novelsB) the books are worthwhile值得做的 but challenging挑戰(zhàn)性C) black writers should ignore racial種族的 issuesD) we will repeat the past if we dont learn about it文中沒(méi)有答案4. The writer emphasizes強(qiáng)調(diào) that the two books are similar in their_.本題問(wèn)的是:作者強(qiáng)調(diào)兩部作品的共同之處是什么?A) use of flashbacks倒敘B) treatment of women C) criticism批判 of whites D) portrayal描寫(xiě)of violence本題無(wú)法確定關(guān)鍵詞，只有撐握每段中心才能做出來(lái)。5. The word appalling令人震驚的, 駭人聽(tīng)聞的 means_.A) terrible很糟的, 極壞的, 可怕的, 駭人的B) surprising C) guiltyD) unrealistic詞匯:interpret /int:prit/ v. 解釋?zhuān)g desperation /desprein/ n. 絕望的境地recount /rikaunt / v. 敘述 capture /kpt / v. 俘獲slavery /sleivri / n. 奴隸制度 注釋:1. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. 然而通過(guò)用一種生動(dòng)有趣的方式來(lái)描寫(xiě)過(guò)去，小說(shuō)家可以將早期時(shí)代重現(xiàn)，并引起讀者的重視。2. His main character. Rutherford Calhoun. is a neer-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo" .他的主人公叫做 Rutherford Calhoun，是一個(gè)游手好閑，身份自由的美國(guó)黑人。他偷偷登上了一艘開(kāi)往非洲販賣(mài)奴隸的船只。答案與題解:1. D 本題問(wèn)的是:這篇文章主要講什么? A的意思是美國(guó)奴隸制的原因。B的意思是20世紀(jì)的黑人作家。C的意思是莫里森和約翰遜寫(xiě)書(shū)的原因。D的意思是關(guān)于奴隸制的兩本小說(shuō)。本文主要介紹了莫里森和約翰遜各自關(guān)于奴隸制的小說(shuō)的主要內(nèi)容，因此D是正確的答案。2. C 本題問(wèn)的是:“寵兒”的設(shè)置背景是什么?根據(jù)第二段的第二句話(huà):a fornier slave calledSethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War可知其背景是在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之后的俄亥俄州。因此C是正確的答案。3. B 本題問(wèn)的是:作者的感覺(jué)是什么?A的意思是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該讀莫里森和約翰遜的小說(shuō)。B的意思是這些作品非常值得寫(xiě)但又很有挑戰(zhàn)性。C的意思是黑人作家應(yīng)當(dāng)忽略種族問(wèn)題。D的意思是如果我們沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去，那么這些過(guò)去會(huì)重現(xiàn)。A，C，D原文沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，因此B是正確的答案。4.D 本題問(wèn)的是:作者強(qiáng)調(diào)兩部作品的共同之處是什么?根據(jù)第三段的第一句話(huà):yet no less violent可知兩部作品都有對(duì)暴力的描寫(xiě)。因此D是正確的答案。5. A 本題問(wèn)的是:appalling的意思是什么?根據(jù)第三段對(duì)運(yùn)送非洲人去美國(guó)的描述可知，此狀況必然是不好的，糟糕的。A的意思是糟糕的。B的意思是令人驚訝的。C的意思是有罪的。D的意思是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。因此根據(jù)文意，A是正確的答案。第二十篇 Tales 傳說(shuō) 故事of the Terrible 可怕的Past（綜合B）講述可怕的過(guò)去注：該文中心：小說(shuō)寵兒與中途專(zhuān)門(mén)闡述了奴隸制問(wèn)題。It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy遺產(chǎn)of slavery in her book Beloved. The main character in this novel，a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War，but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences，the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband，who also tried to escape; and finally，what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrisons scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.Charles Johnsons Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different，yet no less violent，vantage point. His main character，Rutherfprd Calhoun，is a neer-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo". Put to work after he is discovered，Ca