管帶式散熱器的優(yōu)化設計畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯

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1、 畢業(yè)設計(論文)有關外文翻譯 院 系： 機械工程學院 專 業(yè)： 11接本（2）班 姓 名： 學 號： 104611252077 指導教師： 完成時間： 2013年 05 月1日 1 緒論 1.1選題的背景及意義 隨著汽車發(fā)動機轉速和功率的不斷提高，熱負荷也愈來愈大，對冷卻系統(tǒng)的要求也越來越高，人們對包括散熱器在內(nèi)的冷卻系統(tǒng)的研究愈加重視，新技術、新材料不斷涌現(xiàn)。汽車鋁散

2、熱器產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)勢體現(xiàn)在輕量化、可靠性高、價格低以及生產(chǎn)環(huán)保，整車廠采用鋁水箱替代原有銅水箱是汽車散熱器技術發(fā)展的必然趨勢。目前，汽車散熱器正朝著輕型、高效、經(jīng)濟的方向發(fā)展，國內(nèi)乘用車產(chǎn)品90%以上采用的是鋁散熱器，在商用車上的使用近年也陸續(xù)采用并有擴大的趨勢。 因此如何提高散熱器的傳熱效能是一個綜合性的經(jīng)濟效益問題，應通過技術經(jīng)濟比較后確定。在提高散熱器的散熱效率的情況下同時考慮降低散熱器的散熱阻力，合理選擇使用板片材質(zhì)和橡膠密封墊材質(zhì)，使用正確的安裝方法，才可保證設備安全運行，延長設備的使用壽命。通過計算機的模擬，可以使管帶式熱器性能更為優(yōu)越，結構更加合理，經(jīng)濟性更強。另一方面，現(xiàn)代計算機技

3、的快速發(fā)展和進步也為管帶式散熱器的優(yōu)化設計提供了強大的技術支持，所以管帶式散熱器的優(yōu)化設計對于現(xiàn)代諸多工業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展有著深遠的意義。 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Significance topics Power continues to increase, more and more large heat load on the cooling system requirements are also increasing , people including the radiator co

4、oling system pay more attention to research , new technologies , new materials emerging. The advantages of automotive aluminum radiator products is reflected in the lightweight , high reliability , low prices and the production of environmentally friendly vehicle plant to replace the original copper

5、- aluminum radiator auto radiator tank is the inevitable trend of technological development . Currently, the auto radiator is moving light , efficient and economic direction, more than 90% of domestic passenger car is aluminum radiator, in recent years, the use of commercial vehicles have gradually

6、adopted and is growing . Therefore, how to improve the heat transfer performance of the heat sink is a comprehensive economic issues , through technical and economic comparison OK. Improve the efficiency of the heat sink in the case of taking lower radiator cooling resistance , a reasonable cho

7、ice to use Plate material and rubber gasket material, using the correct installation method can ensure the safe operation of equipment , extend equipment life . Through computer simulation, you can heat the pipe band performance is more superior, more rational structure , economy stronger .On the ot

8、her hand , the rapid development of modern computer technology and progress but also for the optimization of the radiator pipe belt design provides a strong technical support, so pipe radiator with the optimal design for the modern sustainable industrial development has a number of far-reaching sign

9、ificance . 1.2車用散熱器的分類 能滿足某種規(guī)定工藝的要求使得熱量從熱流體到冷流體傳遞的裝置被稱為換熱器。換熱器的分類方法有很多，最基本的是按照工作原理來分：通?？煞譃榛責崾?、混合式和間壁式三大類?；責崾綋Q熱器多用于空氣預熱。一般是將金屬和磚類物體做成流道，熱流體和冷流體交替地流過同一個通道，并盡量避免混合。在混合式換熱器中全部流體均勻地處于同溫同壓下離開換熱器。這種換熱器雖然換熱效率高，但因兩種流體的相互混合，故其在應用上受到一定的限制。間壁式換熱器中，高溫流體和低溫流體由壁面間隔分別位于壁面的兩側，熱量通過壁面進行傳遞。 1.2 Classification o

10、f car radiator To meet the requirements of a process that provides the heat from the hot fluid to the cold fluid transfer device is called the heat exchanger. Classification of heat exchangers there are many ways , the most basic working principle is based on points : usually divided into a heat re

11、covery , hybrid and partitioned three categories. Recuperative heat exchanger used for air preheating . Generally is made ??of metal and brick -like object flow channel , alternately hot and cold fluids flow through the same channel , and try to avoid mixing .In a hybrid heat exchanger fluid evenly

12、in all the same temperature and pressure leaving the heat exchanger . While this heat exchanger efficiency is high, but the two fluids are mixed , so its application subject to certain restrictions . Recuperative heat exchanger , the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid between the w

13、all surfaces are located on both sides of the wall , the heat transfer through the wall surface . 1.3 車用散熱器的性能評價 在符合各方面工況要求的前提下，人們?nèi)匀恍枰胶馍崞骷夹g上的先進性和經(jīng)濟上的合理性，即所謂的散熱器性能評價問題，以便更好地確定和比較散熱器的完善程度。廣義地說，散熱器的性能含義很廣，有阻力性能、傳熱性能、經(jīng)濟性、機械性能等。用一個或多個指標從一個方面或幾個方面來評價換熱器的性能問題一直是專家長期以來所探索的問題，目前尚在研究改進中。 1.3 Performa

14、nce evaluation of car radiator All aspects of working conditions in line with requirements under the premise that people still need to balance the radiator technically advanced and economically reasonable, the so-called heat sink performance evaluation in order to better determine and compare the

15、 degree of perfection of the radiator . Broadly speaking , the performance implications of the radiator is very broad, there is resistance properties, heat transfer performance , economy and mechanical properties. With one or more indicators from one aspect or aspects to evaluate the performance of

16、the heat exchanger has been the expert s long exploration of the problem , which is still under study improvements . 1.4 汽車散熱器概述 汽車散熱器屬于間壁式換熱器，其中散熱水管一般為橢圓管或扁管，外側布置有多層翅片以強化與冷空氣側的傳熱。通常，汽車散熱器由主片、芯體、封條等零件通過釬焊工藝焊接而成，它的結構緊湊、輕巧、薄壁及傳熱強度高。根據(jù)芯體中翅片排列方式分，汽車散熱器主要分為管帶式和管片式兩種. 1.4 Overview of Auto Radiator

17、 Auto Radiator belong recuperative heat exchanger , where heat pipes is generally oval tube or flat tubes, finned outer layers are arranged in order to strengthen the cold side of the heat transfer . Typically , car radiator from the main piece , core body, seals and other parts welded togethe

18、r by brazing process , it is compact, lightweight , thin-walled and heat transfer and high strength. According to the core body fin arrangement points, automotive radiator divided into tube and tube sheet with two kinds , 2汽車散熱器結構設計 2.1 散熱管 咬口焊接制造水管是在聯(lián)合制管機上能夠以7～10個工序滾壓成型，通過7~10組特殊的導板和滾輪逐漸的彎曲成型，在成

19、型的最后過程中，帶料差不多卷成圓形時，再繼續(xù)前行，帶料將碰到一個圓定不動的扁型斷面芯板,芯板斷面的形狀、尺寸和欲制造的管子內(nèi)部形狀相同，然后連續(xù)的進行焊接，進入釬焊爐，將咬口部位和外表面同時鍍錫，冷卻后，用幾組校直滾輪矯正端面形狀,扭曲度等,然后按所需的長度自動切斷。聯(lián)合制管機一般24~26m/s。 2. 2散熱帶 散熱帶上開有擾動氣流的類似百葉窗的孔，以破壞流動空氣在散熱帶表面上的附著層，提高散熱能力。由波紋狀散熱帶和冷卻管相間排列經(jīng)焊接而成所組成的散熱器為管帶式散熱器。 2 car radiator design 2.1 heat pipe Manufacture o

20、f pipes welded seams in the United pipe machine capable of 7 to 10 roll forming process by 7 to 10 special set of guides and rollers gradually bending in the final molding process, almost rolled into a circular strip , and then move on a circle with a given material will encounter immovable flat -se

21、ction core , core cross-section shape, size and shape of the inside of the pipe for manufacturing the same , and a continuous welding , brazing furnace into , the seams at the same time parts of tin and an outer surface , after cooling , straightening rollers with several groups face shape correctio

22、n , distortion degree , and then cut off the desired length . Joint pipe machine generally 24 ~ 26m / s. 2.2 Thermal Tape Cooling air disturbance opened to bring the louver -like holes to destroy the flowing air to the heat adhesive layer on the belt surface , to improve heat dissipation . B

23、y the corrugated fins and cooling with alternating warp composed of welded pipe radiator with radiator . 2.3主片及上下水室 散熱器的主片及水室的構造均以工藝簡便，節(jié)約材料，易于釬焊和裝配，牢固可靠為前提。 主片中的水管孔的排列要完全符合散熱片中水管的排列和數(shù)量，散熱器上水室一般高60~100mm，容積應該與水關的總容積想適應，并且要稍大于水管的總容量，同時還要考慮發(fā)動機水套的容量和進水管的尺寸，另外還要便于安裝其他的附件，如進水管，加水口，內(nèi)部隔板等。 2.3 main

24、piece upper and lower water chamber The main piece and radiator water chamber structure are simple process , saving material , brazing and easy to assemble, solid and reliable as a precondition. The films main water pipe holes are arranged to be in full compliance with heatsink arrangement a

25、nd number of pipes , radiators Sheung Shui chamber generally high 60 ~ 100mm, the volume should be related to the total volume of water would adapt to , and slightly larger than the total capacity of water , but also consider the capacity of the engine water jacket and the inlet pipe size , while al

26、so easy to install other accessories such as inlet pipe, plus intakes, internal partitions, etc. . 2.4 左右側板及裝機架 散熱器的固定框架是將散熱器固定在汽車上必須的部件，包括左右側板，Ｕ型件，三角吊耳等。用來保證芯部剛度，并在起撒謊能夠安裝有關零件。左右側板是直接焊接在水室上的，底部托住下水室，并一起外沿焊接在上下水室上，Ｕ型件和三角吊耳是用來安裝和固定散熱器總成。 2.4 left and right plates and installation frame Rad

27、iator radiator fixed frame is to be fixed in the car components, including left and right side panels , U-shaped , triangle hanging ears and so on. Used to ensure that the core stiffness , and in the relevant parts can be installed from the lie . Left side is soldered directly to the water chamber o

28、n the bottom hold the water chamber and the outer edge welded together on the upper and lower water chamber , U-shaped pieces and triangular lug is used to install and secure the heat sink assembly. 2.5散熱水管 大多數(shù)情況下，散熱器的進出水管是由生鐵鑄造成的并以鉚釘，加強板和釬焊固定在水室上，為了增加強度，在很多散熱器的結構上，水管是穿過水室的，并在它相對的兩壁上加焊。散熱器的進出水管

29、通常是焊接在水室上的。散熱器的上部加水口平時常用蓋嚴密封住的，以防冷卻水濺出。但如果冷卻水中水蒸汽過多，將使冷卻系內(nèi)壓力過大，可能導致散熱器破裂。因此，必須在加水口處設置排除水蒸氣的通道－泄氣軟管。 2.5 Cooling water In most cases, the radiator inlet and outlet pipe is caused by the Health and cast-iron rivets, reinforcing plate and brazing fixed on the water chamber , in order to increase

30、the strength of the structure in many radiator , plumbing is through the water chamber and in its two opposite walls plus welding . Radiator inlet and outlet pipe is usually soldered on the water chamber . The upper part of the radiator filler neck usually used cap tightly sealed to prevent the cool

31、ing water spill. However, if too much water vapor in the cooling water , cooling the pressure will be too large, may result in rupture of the radiator . Therefore, you must add water vapor at the outlet of the channel set exclusion - discouraged hoses. 3 管帶式散熱管傳熱過程的理論分析 散熱管的傳熱過程的分析，主要主要進行的分析計算如

32、下，包括管帶式散熱管的傳熱計算；散熱面積的計算；當量直徑的計算；對數(shù)平均溫差△t m；傳熱系數(shù)K；水側換熱系數(shù)hi 3 cooling tube with theoretical analysis of heat transfer process Heat pipe heat transfer analysis of the process , mainly for the analysis of the main calculated as follows , including the tube -type heat pipe with heat transfer calcu

33、lation ; cooling area calculations ; equivalent diameter is calculated ; logarithmic mean temperature difference △ tm; heat transfer coefficient K; water side heat transfer coefficient hi 4提高散熱器散熱性能的有效途徑 根據(jù)傳熱方程式可以看出來，要增加熱量，無論是增加，還是，都能起到一定的效果。工業(yè)設計和生產(chǎn)實踐中大都從這些方面考慮強化散熱器的傳熱。所以提高散熱器的散熱性能的途徑有：改善傳熱系數(shù)K；增加對

34、數(shù)平均溫差；擴大傳熱面積F；減少散熱器重量 4 radiator cooling performance improve effective way According to the heat transfer equation can be seen to increase the heat , whether it is increased , or , can play a certain effect . Industrial design and production practice mostly from these considerations strength

35、en the radiator heat . Therefore, to improve the performance of the heat sink through: improving the heat transfer coefficient K; increase the logarithmic mean temperature difference ; enlarged heat transfer area F; reduce heat sink weight 5 管帶數(shù)學模型的建立 人們在設計散熱器時所追求的目標是：根據(jù)冷卻系統(tǒng)的要求，在給定空間容積的條件下求得最大的散

36、熱量，同時又獲得盡量小的壓降；或者是在Q和P值一定的前提下，使散熱器所消耗的材料最省。因此，這是一個多目標的優(yōu)化問題。 優(yōu)化問題的三個條件主要是優(yōu)化變量的選取，約束條件設定，目標函數(shù)的設置。 5 with a mathematical model People in the design of the radiator when the goal is: According to the requirements of the cooling system in a given volume of space obtained under the conditions of th

37、e maximum amount of heat while to get as small pressure drop ; or Q and P values ??in certain under the premise of the radiator materials consumed most provinces . Therefore, this is a multi-objective optimization problem .The three main criteria optimization problem is to optimize the selection of

38、variables , constraints set , the objective function is set . 6 基于MATLAB優(yōu)化工具箱實現(xiàn)散熱管數(shù)學模型的求解 Matlab軟件的優(yōu)點包含： 1、友好的工作平臺和編程環(huán)境。 2、簡單易用的編程語言 3、強大的科學計算數(shù)據(jù)處理能力 4、出色的圖形處理功能 5、應用廣泛的模塊集合工具箱 優(yōu)化方法的設定。優(yōu)化方法是利用MATLAB的優(yōu)化工具箱，可以求解線性規(guī)劃、非線性規(guī)劃和多目標規(guī)劃問題。具體而言，包括線性、非線性最小化、最大最小化、二次規(guī)劃、線性與非線性的最小二乘解等問題。另外，該工具箱還提供了線性、非線性

39、最小化，方程求解，曲線擬合，二次規(guī)劃等問題中大型課題的求解方法，為優(yōu)化方法在工程中的實際應用提供了更方便、快捷的途徑。 優(yōu)化的散熱器屬于非線性多變量約束優(yōu)化問題，在MATLAB中，采用Fmincon優(yōu)化工具箱中的“Active Set”算法。 計算的結果表明，采用優(yōu)化設計具有以下有點： (1)大大節(jié)省了設計時間，提高了工作效率；工廠設計一臺散熱器往往是先憑經(jīng)驗設計，制出樣機，然后用試驗方法驗證樣機設計的合理性(若試驗結果不理想，再重新修改設計方案)。 (2)散熱面積與原方案相比，優(yōu)化方案可增加1.6%-1.72%。壓降特性與原方案相比，優(yōu)化方案減少6.38%-6.5%。單個散熱管的質(zhì)量

40、相比，優(yōu)化方案減少1.52%-1.55%。 6 Based on MATLAB Optimization Toolbox to achieve mathematical models for solving the heat pipe Matlab software advantages include : 1 , friendly platform and programming environment. 2 , easy to use programming language 3 , a powerful data processing capabilities scie

41、ntific computing 4 , excellent graphics capabilities 5 , widely used collection of modules Toolbox Setting optimization method .optimization method is to use MATLAB optimization toolbox, you can solve linear programming, nonlinear programming and multi- objective programming . Specifically,

42、 including linear , nonlinear minimize, minimize, maximize , quadratic programming , linear and non-linear least squares solution of other issues. In addition, the toolkit also provides a linear , nonlinear minimization , equation solving , curve fitting , quadratic programming problems in the metho

43、d for solving large-scale project for the optimization method in the practical application of engineering to provide a more convenient and efficient pathway . Optimized non-linear multi-variable radiator constrained optimization problems, in MATLAB , using Fmincon optimization toolbox "Active S

44、et" algorithms. Calculation results show that the optimal design has the following advantages: ( 1 ) significant savings in design time , improve work efficiency ; factory to design a heat sink design is often the first rule of thumb , a system prototype, and then with the test method to ve

45、rify the reasonableness of the prototype design ( if the test results are not satisfactory, and then re- modify the design ) . ( 2 ) cooling area with the original schemes, optimization program to increase 1.6% -1.72% . Pressure drop characteristics compared with the original plan and optimize p

46、rograms to reduce the 6.38% -6.5 % . Compared to a single heat pipe quality , optimizing programs to reduce the 1.52% -1.55 % . 總結 畢業(yè)設計是大學學習中最重要的一門科目，它要求我們把大學里學到的所有知識系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)系起來，進行理論聯(lián)系實際的總體考慮。同時也培養(yǎng)了自學與創(chuàng)新能力。因此本次設計綜合性和實踐性強、涉及知識面廣。所以在設計中既了解了基本概念、基本理論，又注意了生產(chǎn)實踐的需要，將各種理論與生產(chǎn)實踐相結合，來完成本次設計。 我選擇的車用散熱器的優(yōu)化與設計的

47、課題，主要介紹了汽車散熱器的結構特性和功能特性，理論論述了散熱器的傳熱過程和壓降特性，提高散熱器性能的有效途徑和散熱器優(yōu)化方法的選擇。在計算機中建立數(shù)學模型的方法來研究散熱器的特性，將會對散熱器的性能測試、結構優(yōu)化、產(chǎn)品選型以及新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)等起到指導或輔助作用，從而可避免常規(guī)試驗分析方法周期長和費用高的問題。 運用工程軟件MATLAB優(yōu)化工具箱，不僅算法可靠，而且無需大量的編程程序，大大減少了計算工作量，提高了工作效率，是一種行之有效的工作方法?？梢约忍岣吡斯ぷ餍剩直苊饬速Y源浪費。 Summary University graduation design is the mo

48、st important one subject , which requires us to all the knowledge learned in university systems linking theory with practice for general considerations . But also cultivate self-learning and innovation. Therefore, this design comprehensive and practical and involves extensive knowledge . Therefore,

49、in the design of both the understanding of the basic concepts and theories , but also pay attention to the needs of the production practice , the various theories and production practice, to complete this design . I chose the car radiator optimization and design issues , mainly on the structural

50、characteristics of automobile radiators and functional characteristics , the theory discusses the radiator heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of an effective way to improve the performance of the radiator and cooling optimization method of choice . A mathematical model in the computer m

51、ethods to study the characteristics of the radiator , the radiator will be on performance testing , structural optimization , product selection and development of new products play a guiding or supporting role, thereby avoiding routine test methods cycle length, and cost is high. The use of engi

52、neering software MATLAB optimization toolbox , not only algorithms and reliable, and without a lot of programming procedures , greatly reducing the computational workload, improve work efficiency, is an effective way of working. Can only improve the work efficiency, but also to avoid the waste of re

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