高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)分類導(dǎo)練 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 語義轉(zhuǎn)換題課件.ppt

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[技巧點(diǎn)撥] 雖然說細(xì)節(jié)題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接地找到，但是與閱讀材料一模一樣的正確選項(xiàng)是幾乎沒有的。而是用不同的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思，即語意轉(zhuǎn)換。解題時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：,1. 順序性原則：一般說來，題序與其題眼在文章中的順序相同。如第53題的答案信息會(huì)在第52題的答案信息之后。 2. 定位信息點(diǎn)：通過尋讀法(scanning)，用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。題干中可用來在文中搜索的關(guān)鍵詞可能是專有名詞、數(shù)詞、實(shí)體名詞，以及這些詞的同義表達(dá)等。,3. 理解信息點(diǎn)：在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思與之最接近。 4. 排除干擾項(xiàng)：在作出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案，這就是我們常說的排除法。干擾項(xiàng)一般具有以下特征：,(1) 杜撰事實(shí)，無中生有。文中根本找不到任何相關(guān)信息，完全由命題人所捏造。 (2) 偷梁換柱，以假亂真。采用原文中的句式和大部分詞匯，但換了個(gè)別詞，改變了原意或范圍。 (3) 半真半假，虛虛實(shí)實(shí)。干擾項(xiàng)與原文相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)部分相同，部分相悖。 (4) 文不對(duì)題，濫竽充數(shù)。干擾項(xiàng)是文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，但與題干要求不符。,經(jīng)典例題,A. The girl’s mother. B. The author’s father. C. The girl. D. The author.,1. Who found the O.Henry’s manuscript?,A 用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞manuscript在文中搜索， 尋讀后找到第二段第二句She was cleaning out the attic (閣樓) one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript (手稿)；句中she指代誰？往前找，第二段首句的Her mother，再往前找，第一段的末句中有a girl，可見該句中的she是指代the girl’s mother，當(dāng)然還要懂came across 意為“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)(=found by accident)”，可知選A。,2. Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was found in the attic? A. O. Henry once worked in Houston. B. O. Henry once stayed in Galveston. C. O. Henry once moved to Des Moines. D. O. Henry once taught at SMU.,B 本題是問“下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以解釋這個(gè) 事實(shí)：手稿是在閣樓找到的”，由關(guān)鍵attic和命題的順序性原則可知，信息點(diǎn)在第二 段第二句之后。由第二段倒數(shù)第二句So it was possible that the famous author… stayed in the Gainestown boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident，可知選B。,3. According to the passage, why did the author’s father go to Des Moines? A. To sell the O. Henry story. B. To meet the author himself. C. To talk with the O. Henry expert. D. To give money to the girl.,A 用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Des Moines到文中 尋讀并根據(jù)命題的順序性原則，在第三 段第二句找到，根據(jù)該段前三句My father then set out to sell it. Eventually, he found himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles… Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot可知，作者去Des Moines的目的是賣O. Henry的那個(gè)故事，故選A。,即時(shí)練習(xí),A. She couldn’t find her books. B. She heard the author shouting loud. C. She got the news that her grandma was ill. D. She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed.,1. What made Kate so angry one evening?,D 用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞angry尋讀，在第三段第一句找到，往后找是結(jié)果，原因應(yīng)是往前找；由第二段中的“Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!”可知, 凱特那天晚上生氣的原因是作者把鞋子放在了她的床下，故選D。,A. she was scared by Kate’s anger B. she hated herself for being so messy C. she wanted to show her care D. she was asked by Kate to do so,C 根據(jù)命題的順序性原則，本題答案信息點(diǎn)應(yīng) 在第三段第二句之后。由第三段最后一句All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart(一顆溫暖的同情心油然而生；同情就會(huì)去關(guān)心)，接下來第四段就是tidied up the room的具體描述，可知前上句是因，這段是果，故選C。,2. The author tidied up the room most probably because _____.,