2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 單元知識匯總 Book 5 Unit 15 Learning 北師大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 單元知識匯總 Book 5 Unit 15 Learning 北師大版 重點識記詞匯 1.correction n.改正，改進 2.frankly speaking坦率地說 3.simplify vt.簡化 4.lay off裁員；解雇 5.chief adj.最高級別的 6.instruct v.指導，教導 7.distinguish vt.區(qū)別，辨別 8.reputation n.名譽，名聲 9.slight adj.少量的；微小的 10.obey vt.服從，聽從 11.outstanding adj.杰出的，優(yōu)秀的 12.to a certain extent在某種程度上 13.misunderstand v.誤解 14.pour vt.倒，灌 15.set off引發(fā)；使爆炸；出發(fā) 16.lack vt.&n.缺乏，沒有 17.access n.(使用或見到的)機會，權利 18.worthwhile adj.值得努力的 19.acquire vt.獲得，得到 20.be accustomed to習慣于 21.worthy adj.值得的 22.tend to往往會，傾向于 23.urge vt.力勸，強烈要求 24.vital adj.極其重要的 25.inspire v.鼓舞；啟發(fā) 26.conventional adj.傳統(tǒng)的，保守的 27.adapt vt.(使)適應→adapt to適應…… 28.as a whole總的來說 29.reflect vt.反射；反映→reflection n.映像 30.select vt.挑選→selection n.挑選 31.defence n.保衛(wèi)，保護→defend v.保衛(wèi) 32.ignore vt.忽視，不顧→ignorance n.忽視 33.approve v.贊成；認可；滿意→approve of贊成，贊許 34.secure adj.安全的；穩(wěn)當?shù)? 35.aside adv.在一邊，向一邊→aside from除……之外 36.assume vt.假定，假設→assumption n.假定 37.punishment n.懲罰，處罰→punish vt.懲罰，處罰 38.beneficial adj.有用的，有益的→benefit v.對……有益；受益 39.appreciation n.欣賞→appreciate vt.感激；欣賞 40.alternative adj.非傳統(tǒng)的；另類的；必選其一的；n.替代品，可供選擇物 41.blank n.空白；空虛；空白表格；adj.空白的；空虛的；單調的→go blank變?yōu)榭瞻? 42.suspect v.懷疑；n.嫌疑犯→suspicious adj.懷疑的；可疑的；不信任的→suspicion n.懷疑，猜疑 必背經(jīng)典句式 1.In the past，if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam，he would have had no chance of getting a degree. 在過去，如果像我這樣未能通過大學考試上大學，那么他就沒有機會獲得學位了。 2.So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you’ve ever learnt. 許多人認為一旦退休，你所能做的事就是把大腦關閉，把你曾經(jīng)所學的東西埋掉。 3.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user. 我覺得是我成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時候了。 必背經(jīng)典句式 4.Founded in 1896，“Tredona School” is proud of its long list of outstanding past students. Tredona學校成立于1896年，它為自己培養(yǎng)出眾多的優(yōu)秀學生感到驕傲。 5.I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish I’d done more work，especially in maths. 我想我當時有點懶，現(xiàn)在我真希望當時能多做些努力，特別是在數(shù)學方面。 構詞記憶 　accountant /?′ka?nt?nt/n.[C]會計(員)；會計師 assistant /?′sIst?nt/n.[C]助手；副手；助理；圖書管理員 Ⅰ.詞匯與派生 A．語境填詞 1．Three of her novels have been adapted(改編) for television. 2．We are very sad to have to do this，but there is no other alternative(選擇)． 3．He has got a bad headache for lack(缺乏) of sleep. 4．Students must have access(機會，方法) to using good resources. 5．Her father will never approve(贊成) of her marriage to Tom. 6．This beer isn’t bad; I’m beginning to acquire(獲得) a taste for it. 7．People who cannot distinguish(區(qū)分) between colors are said to be colorblind. 8．It may be many years before the new pany can gain a secure(穩(wěn)定的) foothold in the market. 9．This will simplify(簡化) your development process. 10．She soon acquired a reputation(名譽) as a firstclass cook. B．用所給詞的適當形式填空 11．The new hospital will benefit (beneficial) the entire munity. 12．I try to be green，but find out that in my ignorance (ignore)，I’ve made silly choices instead. 13．A family must defend (defence) its home against attack. 14．Motorists should be severely punished (punishment) for dangerous driving. 15．They became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police. Ⅱ.短語運用 A．用方框內所給動詞短語的適當形式填空 have access to，turn into，pour...into，lay off，set off，be accustomed to，approve of，go blank，fall behind，tend to 16．Give the bottle some shakes before pouring the juice into the cup. 17．In the past five years，the small，old town has been turned into a beautiful modern city. 18．Citizens in London have access to the National Library. 19．Nichols set off for his farmhouse in the countryside yesterday. 20．I approve of your trying to earn some money，but please don’t neglect your studies. 21．He had been accustomed to living without electricity，and missed it very little. 22．The car factory is going to lay off around 150 workers because of the drop in sales. 23．Evans had high fever，missed school for several days and fell behind finally. 24．They found that those who pared their ines with others tended to be less happy. 25．Lily was so nervous that her mind almost went blank during the college entrance examination. B．用方框內所給短語的適當形式填空 a bit，as a whole，frankly speaking，in person，aside from, to a certain extent，in conclusion 26.In conclusion we all wished us very success in our work. 27．Frankly speaking，sometimes shopping may take us much time. 28．Your article is wonderful as a whole. 29．After the relay race，she was a bit tired. 30．To a certain extent，this action affects the environment. 31．Will you apply for the position by letter or in person? 32．Aside from learning about unconditional love，they also learned about responsibility and respect. Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 33．It’s high time that I should visit/visited you. 我早該去拜訪你了。 34．I wish I had attended the meeting last week，but I was ill. 我很希望參加上周的會議，但是我生病了。 35．If I had followed your advice，I would have passed the exam. 如果我聽了你的建議的話，我就會通過那次考試了。 36．My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清掃房間。 37．Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老師對他所做的事情很滿意，于是在班上表揚了他。 1 suspect sb.to be＋n./adj.猜想某人…… suspect sb.of (doing) sth.懷疑某人(做了)某事 be suspicious of/about sth.對某事懷疑 suspicion n.懷疑，猜疑 The above plaints are，I suspect，just the tip of the iceberg. 我想，以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。 Do women really share such stupid jokes？We suspect not. 女人們真的會覺得如此愚蠢的笑話好笑嗎？我們想不會。 [夯實基礎] I suspect that he is the pickpocket. I suspect him to be the pickpocket.(改為簡單句) 2 instruct sb.to do...命令某人做…… as instructed按照指示 instruction n.用法說明；操作指南；指示；命令；教授 follow the instructions遵照說明 carry out one’s instructions執(zhí)行某人的命令 instructive adj.有教益的，有啟發(fā)的；指導性的 She arrived at 10 o’clock as instructed. 她依照指示于10點鐘到達。 Follow the instructions on the packet carefully. 仔細按照包裝上的說明操作。 [特別提醒] instruct后跟從句時，從句常用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用(should) do。 [夯實基礎] (1)用instruct的適當形式填空 ①It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. ②All children are instructed in the use of the library. ③All schoolchildren must now receive some religious instruction. (2)按要求改寫句子 ①My boss instructed me to type the letters quickly. My boss instructed me that I (should) type the letters quickly.(用復合句改寫句子) ②We’re standing at a distance following the instructions. We’re standing at a distance, as instructed.(用as改寫句子) 3 [應試指導]　過去分詞句法功能的考查 bury sth.in...把……埋在…… bury oneself in埋頭于，專心于 be buried in專心于 The paper was buried under a pile of books. 那份文件被埋在書堆下。 She sat there，buried in thought. 她坐在那兒，陷入了沉思。 [夯實基礎] (1)用bury的適當形式填空 ①He walked slowly，his hand buried in his pocket. ②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in the book in her hands. ③They think she was buried in the desert，along with a few others. (2)Because she buried herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside. ①Burying herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) ②Buried in the film she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) 4 distinguish v.區(qū)分；辨別；分清(recognize the difference between)；成為……的特征(be characteristic)；使有別于 [應試指導]　distinguished作為高級詞匯替換famous distinguish...from...使……別于……的特征 distinguish between...and...區(qū)分……和…… distinguished adj.以……著名的；卓越的，杰出的；高貴的 be distinguished for因……而出名 be distinguished as辨別為；稱之為 distinguishing adj.有區(qū)別的 It is necessary to distinguish the policies of two successive governments. 分清前后兩屆政府的政策很有必要。 Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing between areas of light and dark. 研究表明嬰兒通過辨別光亮和黑暗的區(qū)域來學會看東西。 [夯實基礎] (1)用distinguish的適當形式填空 ①Distinguished guests and friends，wele to our school.Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni from home and abroad. ②The bird has no distinguishing features. (2)He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school. Distinguished for his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) 5 reflect on/upon思考…… be lost in reflection陷入深思中 His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的臉映照在鏡子里。 [圖解助記] [夯實基礎] 用reflect的適當形式填空 (1)She was left to reflect on the implications(可能的影響) of her decision. (2)She could see her face reflected in the water. (3)After long reflection we decided to buy that house. 6 [多詞一義]　lack，be lacking in，be short of (a) lack of缺少…… be lacking in...在……方面缺乏 for/through lack of因缺少…… no lack of ……充足的 lack (for) sth.缺少某物 Despite his lack of experience，he got the job. 他雖然經(jīng)驗不足，但還是得到了這份工作。 [夯實基礎] (1)The green hand is lacking in practical experience. The green hand is short of practical experience.(用short短語改寫句子) (2)He lacks confidence. He is lacking in confidence.(用lacking改寫句子) (3)Lack of confidence makes his father worried. What makes his father worried is his lack of confidence.(改為what引導的主語從句) 7 be worthy of sth./of being done/to be done值得(做)某事 worth adj.價值……的；值……錢的；n.價值；作用 be worth doing...值得做…… worthwhile adj.值得努力(花時間、花錢等)的 It’s worthwhile/worth (one’s) while to do/doing...某人做……是值得的 Guilin is a beautiful place.It’s worthwhile going/to go there.桂林是個美麗的地方，值得去看看。 This is a worthy EnglishChinese dictionary. 這是一本有價值的英漢詞典。 [特別提醒] worthy可作定語，而worth不能。 [夯實基礎] 這家工廠值得參觀。(一句多譯) (1)The factory is worth visiting.(worth adj.) (2)The factory is worthy of a visit.(be worthy of＋n.) (3)The factory is worthy of being visited.(be worthy of＋v.ing) (4)The factory is worthy to be visited.(be worthy＋不定式) (5)It’s worthwhile to visit/visiting the factory.(worthwhile adj.) 8 urge v.催促；力勸(persuade)；竭力主張(remend)；驅趕；鞭策(force)；n.強烈的欲望，沖動(desire) [應試指導]　虛擬語氣的考查 have an urge to do...渴望做…… urge sb.to do...催促某人做…… It is/was urged that...(should) do...有人主張…… urgent adj.緊急的,urgency n.緊急的事 They urged parliament to approve plans for their reform programme. 他們敦促議會批準他們的改革方案。 [夯實基礎] (1)用urge的適當形式填空 ①There is an urgent need for food and water. ②The urgency of finding a cure attracted some of the best minds in medical science. (2)Our teacher urges us to study hard with the exam drawing near. It is urged that we (should) study hard，with the exam drawing near.(用It is urged that...改寫句子) 9 [應試指導]　assuming，suppose，supposing，provided，providing，given等用作連詞引導條件狀語從句 assume sb./sth.to be...認為某人(事)…… It is assumed that...人們認為…… assumption n.假定，假設；設想；承擔；掌握 on the assumption that...假定…… assuming (that)...假設……(引導條件狀語從句) Let us assume it to be true. 讓我們假定這是真實的。 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍認為，壓力是工作過重所致。 [夯實基礎] (1)If there wasn’t the hard work of the dustbin，can you imagine what our environment will be like? Assuming (that) there wasn’t the hard work of the dustbin，what can you imagine our environment will be like？(用assuming和can you imagine作插入語改寫句子) (2)People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. It is assumed that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主語改寫句子) 10 [應試指導]　分詞作狀語的考查 adapt (...) to (使……)適應于…… adapt oneself to使自己適應…… adapt...for...為……改編(寫)……；改造……以供……之用 adapt from根據(jù)……改編(寫) adaptable adj.有適應能力的；能適應的 adaptation n.改編本；適應 During the onemonth stay，I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyle and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture. 在一個月的生活中，我必須適應美國的生活方式并幫助他們理解中國文化的精髓。 [夯實基礎] (1)語法填空 ①The play is adapted from a novel. ②These teaching materials can be adapted for older children. ③When you go to a new country，you must adapt to new manners and customs. (2)The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if it was adapted for television，would be a hit. The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if adapted for television，would be a hit.(改為省略句) 1 lay down放下；聲明 lay aside儲存；不去考慮；擱置一旁 lay out布置，設計；鋪開，展開 lay emphasis/stress on強調……的重要性 The pany has laid off a great number of employees due to the financial crisis. 由于金融危機，這個公司進行了大量裁員。 Jed watched the horse a while，and then lay down to sleep.杰德又看了一下馬，隨后倒頭睡覺。 [夯實基礎] (1)用lay短語的適當形式填空 ①She laid down her knife and fork and pushed her plate away. ②She had managed to lay aside thirty dollars. ③They did not sell a single car for a month and had to lay off workers. (2)格雷絲把刀叉擺放在午餐桌上。(翻譯句子) Grace laid out the knives and forks at the lunchtable. 2 [應試指導]　作為高級詞匯替換be used to accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己習慣于(做)某事 be used to doing sth.習慣于做某事 I was accustomed to being the only child at a table full of adults. 我已經(jīng)習慣了作為唯一一個小不點坐在一桌大人中間。 [夯實基礎] He was accustomed to the custom and didn’t want to change it. (1)Accustomed to the custom，he didn’t want to change it.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) (2)Accustoming himself to the custom，he didn’t want to change it.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) 3 tend vi.趨向；易于(be likely to do)；照顧；vt.照顧；護理(care for) tend sb.照顧某人 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的傾向 Janet tends to get very angry if you disagree with her. 你如果不順著珍妮特，她往往會大發(fā)脾氣。 The nurse skillfully tended the injured soldiers. 護士熟練地護理著那些受傷的士兵。 [夯實基礎] 用tend的適當形式填空 (1)You have a tendency to avoid an argument. (2)During the second world war，Henry Beecher was a doctor tending soldiers on the battlefield. (3)My uncle is a short man with a carefully tended moustache. 1 I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我覺得是我成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時候了。 (1)It is/was (high/about) time that...表示“該是做某事的時候了”，在that從句中要用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用動詞的過去時或should＋動詞原形(should不可省略)。 (2)It’s time (for sb.)to do sth.該是(某人)做某事的時候了。 (3)It is/was the＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that...是某人第幾次做……，that從句中使用完成時(若是it is，則從句用現(xiàn)在完成時；若是it was，則用過去完成時)。 (4)It is＋一段時間＋since...自從……以來多久了 (5)It will be＋一段時間＋before...多久之后才…… (6)It won’t be long before...不久就…… It’s high time we left for the airport. 我們該去機場了。 It was the third time that the old woman had been informed in danger. 這是老太太第三次被通知病危。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)It is three years since I joined the army. (2)This was the last time that I had asked you for money. (3)John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job. (4)It is time that we should go to bed. 2 So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you’ve ever learnt.因此許多人認為一旦你退休后，你所做的事就是把大腦關閉，把你曾經(jīng)所學的東西埋掉。 be to do有五層意義： (1)表示預定，“預定”，相當于be going to do (2)表示義務，“應該”，相當于should (3)表示可能，“會做”，相當于can/could (4)表示命運，“注定”(通常用于過去時，描述過去的事實) (5)用于if...were to do，虛擬語氣 The only thing I could do was wait. 我唯一能做的就是等。 You are to be back by 9 o’clock. 你要在9點以前回家。 [特別提醒] (1)當不定式在系動詞后作表語時，如果主語部分帶有實義動詞do(包括do的任何形式)，可以省去不定式符號to；否則，保留不定式符號to。 (2)動詞不定式在介詞but后面時，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。 [夯實基礎] (1)When are you to leave for home? 你什么時候回家？ (2)She is to be married next month. 她將于下個月結婚。 (3)You are to report to the police. 你應該報警。 (4)I have nothing to do but watch TV. 我除了看電視外，沒有什么事情可做。 3 單元語法 ——語法填空 (1)If she were(be) here this evening，we would play(play) cards. (2)The flood might have caused(cause) great damage to the people if we hadn’t built(not，build) so many reservoirs. (3)If you had spoken(speak) to him last time you saw him，you would know(know) what to do now. (4)I wish I had followed(follow) her instructions then. (5)Had he caught(catch) the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting. (6)His proposal that they (should) take(take) immediate measures sounds reasonable. 高考題組 Ⅰ.語法填空(xx廣東) A young man，while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water.31.The water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32.who/that had been his teacher.After a fourday journey，the young man 33.presented (present) the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink，smiled 34.warmly (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home 35.with a happy heart. After the student left，the teacher let 36.another student taste the water.He spit it out, 37.saying(say) it was awful.Apparently，it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container.He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like 38.it？” The teacher replied，“You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be 39.sweeter (sweet).” We understand this lesson best 40.when we receive gifts of love from children.Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace，the proper response is appreciation.We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. Ⅱ.寫作常用句翻譯 1.一對年輕人坐在船里一邊吃喝，一邊大聲地談笑，好像整個世界只有他們倆。(as if)(xx福建書面表達) A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. 2.到父母離開時，他哭了起來。(it was/is time...)(2011廣東讀寫任務) He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. 3.隨著時間的推移，我逐漸適應了學校生活。(adapt)(2011廣東讀寫任務) As time went by，I gradually adapted myself to the school life. 模擬題組 Ⅰ.語法填空 1.I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will e. 2.Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head，but I tried to ignore the pain，believing (believe) that it would go away sooner or later. 3.You had better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. 4.We would have put (put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 5.—What happened to him? —He was suspected (suspect) of stealing the ring at the party last night，and the police were looking into the matter. 6.The local authorities had given the instruction that all the old buildings there (should) be pulled (pull) down. 7.Color blind people often find it difficult to distinguish between blue and green. 8.Would you please make up a topic worth discussing (discuss) in tomorrow’s conference? 9.They urged that the library (should) be kept (keep) open during the vacation. 10.The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.He is said to be suspected having stolen the money now.suspected后加上of 2.With him instructed us，we finished it easily.instructed→instructing 3.Buried her face in her hands，she felt blue.Buried→Burying 4.As is known，he is distinguished as his knowledge of science.第二個as→for 5.You know that the only thing that is lacking money at present.money前加上is 6.The puter system gives the user quick and easy access for the required information.for→to 7.We all agree that what he has done is worth to be praised.worth→worthy 8.They all urged that he would apologize to her for what he had said.去掉would或把would→should 9.To our joy，what he said at the meeting was inspired.inspired→inspiring 10.If he arrived a little earlier，he would have met her yesterday.arrived前加上had Ⅲ.寫作句式升級訓練 1.If we pare them to the traditional ones，there are three unique functions：(素材來源于xx湖南書面表達) pared to the traditional ones，the three unique functions are as follows：(用過去分詞作狀語及as從句改寫句子) 2.Because there is the pair of shoes，in the future fewer and fewer people will drive cars.(素材來源于xx湖南書面表達) There being the pair of shoes，in the future a decreasing number of people will drive cars.(用獨立主格結構及高級詞匯decreasing改寫句子) (一) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Scottish International Storytelling Festival xx Saturday 18 October Once Upon a Journey National Museum of Scotland 11 am (5 hrs) Free|5＋ A day of storytelling journeys and performances at the National Museum.Join Captain Zeppo’s Submarine Adventures with Macastory，go on Magic Carpets and Story Safaris，and explore Scotland’s history for all ages with Andy Cannon’s Tales of a Grandson.Tickets for auditorium shows are on a firstefirstserved basis.Story Safaris and Magic Carpets have limited places and will require signup on the day. Saturday 18 October Travelling Tales Scottish Storytelling Centre 2 pm (2 hrs) ￡7.50|8＋ Join storytellers and musicians Essie Stewart，Claire Hewitt，Alasdair Taylor and Alastair Davidson for an afternoon of traditional journey tales and songs.Young people from Badenoch & Lochaber will also share their own stories in Gaelic and English inspired by the epic journeys of the Scottish travellers. Saturday 18 October Enlightenment Edinburgh Meet at Mercat Cross beside St Giles Cathedral 2：