2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項突破 考點精講 第八節(jié) 定語從句.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項突破 考點精講 第八節(jié) 定語從句 考點一　定語從句的基本用法 1．限制性和非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用；非限制性定語從句對先行詞起補充說明作用。非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間往往用逗號隔開。 He has two sons who work in the same pany. 他有兩個兒子在同一家公司上班。 (Perhaps he has more than two sons.) He has two sons，who work in the same pany. 他有兩個兒子，他們在同一家公司上班。 (He has only two sons.) 2．關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，that，which，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)who指人，在定語從句中作主語，有時可作賓語(限制性定語從句中作定語時可省略)。 She is the girl who lives next door. 她就是住在隔壁的女孩。 (2)whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)。 That is the man (whom) I met in Beijing last year. 他就是我去年在北京碰見的那個人。 My brother，whom you met the other day, has gone abroad. 前幾天你遇見過的我的那個兄弟， 出國了。 (3)whose指人和物，在定語從句中作定語。 Shes the student whose handwriting is the best in my class. 她就是我的班里書法最好的學(xué)生。 I live in a room whose windows face the south. 我住在一個窗戶朝南的屋子里。 (4)that指人和物，不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在定語從句中作主語、賓語(可省略)和表語。 This is the book (that) I want to read. 這就是我想讀的那本書。 (5)which一般指物，在非限制性定語從句中可指前面的整個句子，可作主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)和表語。 I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning. 我想買本詞典，它對我的學(xué)習(xí)很有價值。 He was late again，which made the teacher very angry. 他又遲到了，這使得老師很生氣。 (6)as指人或物，在非限制性定語從句中可指前面的整個句子，一般作主語、賓語和表語。 As is known to us all，China is a developing country. 眾所周知，中國是個發(fā)展中國家。 3．關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)when在定語從句中作時間狀語。 I still remember the days when we stayed in England.我仍然記得我們在英國的那些日子。 (2)where在定語從句中作地點狀語。 This is the place where they used to take a walk. 這就是他們過去經(jīng)常散步的地方。 (3)why在定語從句中作原因狀語。 Do you know the reason why he was absent yesterday? 你知道他昨天缺席的原因嗎？ 考點二　幾組關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別 1．關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別主要是在定語從句中的不同作用，關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主、賓、表和定語，而關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞有時可相當于“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”。 Do you still remember the days(that/which)we spent in Qingdao? 你還記得我們在青島度過的日子嗎？ Do you still remember the days when(＝in which) we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你還記得我們在青島過暑假的日子嗎？ 2．that與which的區(qū)別 (1)只用that不用which的情況 ①先行詞是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞時。 All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已經(jīng)做了。 ②先行詞被only，any，few，no，very，little等修飾時。 This is the bus that I am waiting for. 這就是我在等的公交車。 ③先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時。 This is the last train that will go to Hangzhou. 這是去杭州的最后一趟火車。 ④先行詞為人、物并用時。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠幔? ⑤當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海已不再是過去的那座城市了。 (2)只用which不用that的情況 ①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。 His jokes didnt even raise a smile, which was embarrassing. 聽了他講的笑話都沒人笑一下， 真是太尷尬了。 ②關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。 Plants get the nutrition from the soil in which they grow. 植物從它們賴以生存的土壤中吸收養(yǎng)分。 3．a(chǎn)s與which的區(qū)別 (1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時還可插入主句中。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。 Success，as is known，is the pursuit of many ambitious people. 成功， 正如人們所知， 是許多有雄心的人的追求。 Tom has made great progress，which made us very happy.湯姆取得了很大進步，這使我們很高興。 (2)as意為“正如……”，后面的謂語動詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等；which意為“這點”。 John was admitted into the college, as we had expected. 正如我們所料，約翰被這所大學(xué)錄取了。 The sun gives us light and heat，which is very important to us. 太陽給我們提供光和熱，這一點對我們非常重要。 (3)當先行詞前有such，the same等修飾時，常用as。 Such advice as he was given has proved almost worthless. 他得到的那點建議結(jié)果證明幾乎毫無價值。 考點三　“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能是which或whom。 Do you know the man with whom Mr. Black talked just now? 你認識和布萊克先生剛才談話的那個人嗎？ 2．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的確定 (1)與定語從句中的動詞構(gòu)成搭配，但需注意，有些固定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關(guān)系代詞前。 We cant find the house in which we used to live. 我們找不到過去曾經(jīng)住過的房子。 This is the person (whom) you are looking for. 這就是你找的那個人。(for不能提前) (2)與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構(gòu)成搭配。 He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies. 他架起一架望遠鏡，通過它可以研究天空。 (3)當“復(fù)合介詞短語＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，這種定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開，從句用倒裝語序。 He lives in a big house，in front of which stood a big tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房前有棵大樹。 (4)“of＋which/whom”表示所屬關(guān)系。 He lives in a room of which the windows face south.他住在一所窗子朝南的屋子里。 考點四　定語從句的其他要點 1．關(guān)系代詞which的特殊用法 有時為了使表達的意思更清楚，可用“which＋名詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。 She may have missed the train, in which case she wont arrive for another hour. 她可能沒有趕上火車， 那樣再過一個小時她也到不了。 2．當先行詞是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等表示抽象意義的名詞時，并在定語從句中做狀語時用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other. 他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。 3．“介詞＋where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 有時我們可以見到“介詞＋where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此時要與“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句加以比較。 He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在門后面，從那里他看見那個人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西。(from where 指from behind the door而不是from the door) 4．當先行詞way意為“方式，方法”且在定語從句中作狀語時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有in which，that或不用任何關(guān)系詞這三種形式。 I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks. 我不喜歡他說話的方式。 5．whose和of which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句 whose和of which/whom可以相互代替，但順序不同，whose＋名詞＝the＋名詞＋of which/whom。 This is the scientist whose name(the name of whom) is known all over the world. 這就是那位世界聞名的科學(xué)家。 6．分隔式定語從句 定語從句有時不直接跟在先行詞之后，而是中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。 There is an expression in her eyes that I cant understand.我不能理解她眼中表達的東西。 7．定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致，試比較。 He is one of the students who have passed the driving test. 他是通過駕照考試的學(xué)生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the driving test. 他是唯一一位通過駕照考試的學(xué)生。 (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第259頁) Ⅰ.根據(jù)句意用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1．He flew to Paris two hours ago，________ he would stay for three days. 2．The money with ________ you were to buy dog food is gone. 3．The whole city，75%of ________ factories and buildings were gone，lay in ruins. 4．There are species living in the depths of the oceans of ________ we still know little. 5．My friend showed me round the town，________ was very kind of him. 6．Rock climbing is a breathtaking activity，________ cooperation as well as courage plays all important role. 7．Jacks speech was listened to by a group of five judges, all of ________ agreed that it was the best one this year. 8．Sam remembered several occasions in the past ________ he had experienced a similar feeling. 9．This research has just been cancelled，________ I said earlier. 10．Well put off the meeting till next week，________ we wont be so busy. 11．He was often late，________ made his teacher very angry. 12．Their daughter came back safe and sound，________ made the couple sigh in relief. 13．My hometown is no longer the same ________ it used to be. 14．Is there anything ________ belongs to you? 15．This is the best hotel in the city ________ I know. 【答案】　1.where　2.which　3.whose　4.which　5.which　6.where　7.whom　8.where　9.as　10.when　11.which　12.which　13.as　14.that　15.that Ⅱ.用適當?shù)慕樵~＋關(guān)系代詞完成句子 1．A good advertisement often uses words ________________ people attach positive meanings. 2．Car control is a subject ________________ the citizens in big cities have argued for a long time. 3．My friend offered me many novels，most ________________ I am not familiar with. 4．The star is to be named after Patrick Jenks，________________ it was discovered. 5．In xx we moved to New York，________________ my grandparents lived. 6．Mr.White stayed with my father for two months，________________ time he drank all the wine that my father had. 7．The novel，________________ the text is taken，was written by the American novelist William Faulkner. 8．John returned with two laborers，________________ help we finally got the car out of the mud. 9．Bob is in a hopeless situation，________________ we should keep a close eye. 10．Experts believe that language learning is a process ________________ skills are more important than grammatical rules. 11．The man ________________ my English teacher shook hands was from Harvard University. 12．I cant find the gold ring ________________ I spent 100 dollars. 13．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________________ we may return in the near future. 14．The reason ________________ he was late was that his car broke down on the way. 15．This is the knife ________________ I usually sharpen my pencil. 【答案】　1.to which　2.about which　3.of which　4.by whom　5.in which　6.during which　7.from which 8．with whose　9.on which　10.in which　11.with which 12．on which　13.to which　14.for which　15.with which Ⅲ.請改正下列句子中的錯誤，每句一處錯誤 1．Our pany has 2，000 workers，of which two thirds are women. 2．The earthquake about that you were talking sounded frightening. 3．John once talked to his mom about the cities and people who he had visited abroad. 4．He said nothing which made her angry. 5．Which is known to us all，time and tide wait for no man. 6．I prefer to use the same tools which were used in your factory. 7．I will never forget the three years when I spent in the junior middle school. 8．They could spell words in different ways how you might find interesting. 9．It is the place which the old scholar used to translate many literary works. 10．That was the reason that he refused to speak at the meeting. 11．This is the small house less than 15 square meters，under its roof lives a large family of three generations. 12．I，whom am your good friend，will always be with you whatever happens. 13．Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday? 14．It was a meeting that importance I didnt realize at that time. 15．I refused to accept the blame for something what was someone elses fault. 【答案】　1.which→whom　2.that→which　3.who→that　4.which→that　5.Which→As　6.which→as　7.when→that/which　8.how→which/that 9．which→where或which前加in　10.that→why/for which　11.its→whose　12.whom→who　13.去掉it　14.that→whose　15.what→that