英語語法形容詞副詞

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1、 本講內(nèi)容： 1、形容詞和副詞的概念 2、形容詞和副詞的比較級別 3、形容詞和副詞的用法 4、鞏固練習形容詞形容詞 形容詞及其用法形容詞及其用法 形容詞修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常，可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如：hot 熱的。 2)敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid 害怕的。（錯）He is an ill man.（對

2、）The man is ill.（錯）She is an afraid girl.（對）The girl is afraid.這類詞還有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容詞作定語修飾名詞時，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時，要放在這些詞之后，例如： something nice用形容詞表示類別和整體用形容詞表示類別和整體 1） 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor

3、，the blind，the hungryThe poor are losing hope.2） 有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體，與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序 多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其順序為： 限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -出處-材料性質(zhì)，類別-名詞 a small round table a tall gray building a

4、dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例題: 1） Tony is going camping with _ boys. A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two 答案：C。由“限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -性質(zhì)-名詞”的公式可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the

5、_bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。3) - How was your recent visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. l

6、ast few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案：B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的方在后，在不能確定時，可參照下表：限定詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后）+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+those + three + beautiful + large + square新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞old + brown + wood + table2 副詞及其基本用法副詞及其基本用法 副詞主要用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。

7、一、副詞的位置：1） 在動詞之前。2） 在be動詞、助動詞之后。 3） 多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。注意：a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副詞well，badly糟、壞，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.二、副詞的排列順序：二、副詞的排列順序：1） 時間，地點副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。時間，地點副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。2） 方式副詞，方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后短的在前，長的

8、在后，并用，并用and或或but等連詞連接。等連詞連接。Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多個不同副詞排列：程度多個不同副詞排列：程度+地點地點+方式方式+時間副詞。時間副詞。注意：副詞注意：副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞?？梢孕揎椥稳菰~，但不能修飾動詞。 改錯：改錯：(錯錯)I very like English. (對對)I like English very much.注意：副詞注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。放在名詞前后都可。I dont know him we

9、ll enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.兼有兩種形式的副詞兼有兩種形式的副詞 1）close與closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔細地He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 與latelylate意思是晚； lately 意思是最近You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?3)deep與deeplyd

10、eep意思是深，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high與highlyhigh表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5)wide與widely wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是廣泛地，在許多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widel

11、y used in the world.6)free與freelyfree的意思是免費；freely 的意思是無限制地You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.形容詞與副詞的比較級形容詞與副詞的比較級 大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1) 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。 構(gòu)成

12、法原級比較級最高級 一般單音節(jié)詞tall(高的) tallertallest未尾加-er,-estgreat(巨大的)greater greatest 以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾結(jié)尾nice(好的好的) nicernicest的單音詞和少數(shù)的單音詞和少數(shù) large(大的大的)larger largest以以- le結(jié)尾的雙結(jié)尾的雙able（有能力的（有能力的) ablerablest音節(jié)詞只加音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st 以一個輔音字母以一個輔音字母big(大的大的) bigger biggest結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單hot熱的熱的)hotter hottest音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾

13、的輔音字母，尾的輔音字母，再加再加-er，-est “以輔音字母以輔音字母+y”easy(容易的容易的)easier easiest 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，busy(忙的忙的)busier busiest改改y為為i，再加，再加 -er，-est 少數(shù)以少數(shù)以-er，-owclever(聰明的聰明的)cleverer cleverest結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞narrow(窄的窄的)narrower narrowest未尾加未尾加-er，-est 其他雙音節(jié)詞和其他雙音節(jié)詞和important(重要的重要的)多音節(jié)詞，在前多音節(jié)詞，在前 more important面加面加mor

14、e，most most important來構(gòu)成比較級和來構(gòu)成比較級和easily(容易地容易地) 最高級。最高級。more easily most easily 2) 不規(guī)則變化 原級 比較級最高級 good(好的)/betterbestwell(健康的) bad (壞的)/ worse worstill(有病的)old (老的)older/elderoldest/eldest much/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (遠的) farther/further farthest/furthest 可修飾比較級的詞可修飾比較級的詞 1）a bi

15、t, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3）以上詞(除by far)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。典型例題: 1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better答案：B. any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better. 2）The exper

16、iment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much答案：C.much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest 17timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案：D 17as + 形容詞或副詞原

17、級形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）當as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式。as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞as + many/much +名詞 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can. 3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size

18、as mine.4) 倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as 倍數(shù)+ the+n + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.比較級形容詞或副詞比較級形容詞或副詞 + than You are taller than I.They lights in your room are as bright

19、as those in mine.注意： 1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。(錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.(對) He is more clever than his brother.(對) He is cleverer than his brother.2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 (錯) China is larger that any country in Asia.(對) China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 3）要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。The population

20、 of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有名詞。 比較：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.many,old 和和 fa

21、r 1) 如果后接名詞時， much more +不可數(shù)名詞many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)2) old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far 有兩種比較級，farther，further. 在英語中兩者都可指距離。在美語中，father 表示距離，further表示進一步。I have nothing further to say.the

22、 + 最高級最高級 + 比較范圍比較范圍 1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示非常。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。 (錯)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (對)Tom is the tallest of the three

23、brothers.2) 下列詞可修飾最高級，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very可修飾最高級，但位置與much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent. 3) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent

24、 than any other students in his class.4) 否定詞語+比較級，否定詞語+ so as結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing. 1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2) more B than A與其說A不如說B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at h

25、is work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 與一樣，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than與一樣He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.和和more有關(guān)的詞組有關(guān)的詞組 典型例題1）The weather in China is different from_. A. in America B. o

26、ne in America C. America D. that in America 答案：D. 本題意為中國的天氣比美國熱。比較的是天氣而不是國家，C不能選。A沒有名詞，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞，而that可以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞，所以選D。2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice m

27、any as 答案( ) 此句意為這個廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機是往年的兩倍。 表示倍數(shù)用倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象的句型。所以此句答案為C 。This ruler is three times as long as that one. 1. The modern machine proved _ in heart surgery. a. high valuable b. highly valuable c. valuable high d. valuable highly 2. Mr. Johnson and his _ daughter do not always un

28、derstand each other. a. older b. the oldest c. eldest d. the eldest 3. They _ thought that the truth would be finally discovered. a. little b. not c. small d. bit 4. They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is _. a. so small b. such little c. so little d. such small 5. If a cl

29、aim is kept _, it is more likely to be recognized. a. live b. lived c. alive d. living 1-5 BCAAC 6. On his way to school he met a _, so he sent him to hospital. a. very ill man b. much sick man c. serious ill man d. very sick man 7. She was operated a month ago but now she was _. a. very good b. ver

30、y well c. healthy d. good conditioned 8. What I would do is to go _. a. really quietly somewhere b. somewhere quietly really c. really quiet somewhere d. somewhere really quiet 9. The chairman asked _ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front. a. the present members b.

31、the members presently c. the members present d. the presently members 10. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid _ he asked. a. three times much as b. three times as many as c. as three times much as d. three times as much as 6-10 DBDCD 11. The trousers are _, but Tom does not care

32、a bit. a. too a little small b. a little too small c. a too little small d. a small too little 12. She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than _. a. other girls b. that of other girls c. the other girls d. those of other girls 13. He can play tennis better than _ in the class. a.

33、 any boys b. any other boy c. any boy d. any other 14. Kasia is taking her _ tour of the shops in search of bargains. a. daily b. day c. day time d. night 15. _ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become. a. The more frequent b. The frequenter c. The more frequently

34、 d. the frequentlier 11-15:BDBAC16. Wed better wait _ , Peter and Tom will come very soon. a. a little longer b. more longer c. long d. as longer17. Although the medicine tastes _, it seems to help my condition.a. bad b. badly c. too much bad d. too badly18. The doctors have tried _ to save the life of the wounded soldier.a. everything possible humanly b. humanly everything possible c. everything humanly possible d. humanly possible everything19. I was worried very much because Ill miss my flight if the bus arrives _a. lately b. late c. latter d. more later16-19:AACB