2019-2020年中考英語復習講義 第8章 常見的連詞.doc
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2019-2020年中考英語復習講義 第8章 常見的連詞 連詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立充當句子成分,,但可以起連接作用.用來連接閱與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。對于連詞的考查,往往集中于并列連詞的河義拼析和從屬連詞引導不同的狀語從句的用法。在學習過程中,不但要搞清楚并列連詞所引導的各種關(guān)系,還耍掌握從屬連詞所引導的各類從句的用法。 內(nèi)容導視 知識點1連詞的分類 知識點2并列連詞的用法 知識點3從屬連詞的用法 知識點4常見連詞的用法辨析 知識詳單 知識點1連詞的分類 標準 分類 例詞 根據(jù)形式分類 簡單連詞 and和,or或者,but但是,if如果,because因為,so所以 關(guān)聯(lián)連詞 Both…and…(二者)都……,Either...or…或者……或者……,not only…but also…不但……而且 短語連詞 as long as只要,as if好像 根據(jù)意義分類 并列連詞 and和,or或者,so所以,but但是,for原因,while然而 從屬連詞 自從,if如果,unless除非,until直到,as if好像 知識點2并列連詞的用法 分類 連詞 含義 例句 表 示 并 列 and 和,又 We are singing and they are dancing.我們在唱歌,他們在跳舞。 【知識拓展】 1. and用于連接三個或三個以上的并列成分時,前面幾個往往使用逗號隔開,最后兩個之間使用and進行連接。例如: Its you that always make me feel warm, safe and happy是你總是讓我感到溫暖,安全和快樂。 2. and如果連接的是動詞不定式,往往只在第一個不定式前加不定式符號to,而其余的不定式符號to可省略。例如:She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back她告訴我們待在家里一直等到她會來。 3. and連接兩個名詞指的是同一個人或物,此時第二個名詞前不用冠詞或者所有歌。例如:His secretary and driver picked him up at the airport yesterday。昨天是他的秘書兼司機在機場接他。 As well as 也,又 Im learning French as well as English.我學法語,還學法語. Both…and 既……又 Both Jim and Kate are from England。吉姆和凱特都是來自英國。 Neither…nor 既不……也不…… Neither the father nor the son is interested in the film.父子倆對這部電影都不感興趣。 not only…but also… 不但……而且…… Not only English but also French is spoken in Canada.加拿大不僅說英語,而且說法語。 表 示 轉(zhuǎn) 折 but 可是,但是 I askedhim a questionbut he would not answer。 我問了他一個問題,但是他不作回答。 while 而,然而 I am a worker while my brother is a professor.我是一名工人,而我的兄弟是一位教授。 yet 可是,然而 It is very strange, yet it is true.這件事很奇怪,然而它卻是真的。 whereas 然而,反而 Some people like coffee, whereas others like tea.有人喜歡咖啡,然而也有人喜歡茶。 【易錯警示】although或though在引導讓步狀語從句時,主句不可使用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but,但是可以使用yet或still。例如:Although she is in poor health,(yet) she works hard.雖然她的身體不好,但是她工作非常努力。 二She is in poor health,but she works very hard. 【知識拓展】however作為“然而”之意時,是副詞,可位于句首、句中和句尾,而且需要使用逗號與句子隔開。例如:Its raining hard. However I still want to go there.雨下得很大。然而,我仍然想去那里。Later, however, he madehis mind to give up the idea.然而,后來他下定決心放棄了那個想法- 表 示 選 擇 or 或者,否則 Will you go to the post office by bus or on foot?你你要乘公共汽車還是步行去郵局? Hurry up, or you will be late.快點,否則你會遲到的。 【知識拓展】在否定句中,or用于連接并列的成分時,相當于“and+否定詞”例如:There is no water or air on the moon.(=There is no water and no air on the moon.)月球上沒有水和空氣。 or else 否則,要不然 Be careful or else you will make a mistake.小心,否則你將會犯錯誤。 rather than 而不是 I will do it myself rather than ask him to do it.我會親自去做這件事,而不是叫他去做。 not…but 不是……而是…. John is not her father but her uncle.約翰不是她的父親而是她的的叔叔。 either…or 或者……或者….. Either Alice or her father cooks meals at home要么愛麗絲要么她爸爸在家做飯。 whether…or 不管是……還是…… They havent decided whether they will go to London or Berlin。他們尚未決定-是去倫敦還是去柏林。 表 示 因 果 so 因此,所以 I had a headache, so I went to bed very early.我頭痛,因此很早就上床睡覺了。 for 因為,由于 Ill follow his advice, for he is a doctor.找會聽從他的建議,因為他是醫(yī)生。 【易錯警示】so作為表示因果關(guān)系的連詞,不與because在一句話中同時使用。另外,還有些副詞或短語,如besides(而且,此外),hence(因此),moreover(而且,此外),,then(那么,因而),therefor(因此),thus(因而),as a result/ consequence (結(jié)果,因此),in addition(此外)等,也可使句子的前后意思更為連貫,有時可以起到和連詞相同的作用。例如:. It rained and therefore the football match was put off.下雨了,.因此足球賽延期。 I dont want to go; besides, I’m too tired.我不想去,此外.我也太累了。 【知識拓展] 1. neither…nor,not only... but also,either... or:和not…but.用于謂語動詞與最近的主語保持就近一致原則。例如:Not only you but also I am going to attend a lecture given by Dr. Smith.不僅你而且我要去聽史密斯博士的講座。 2. as well as和rather than用于連接并列主語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致。例如: He as well as I is satisfied with the result.他和我都對這一結(jié)果表示滿意。 3. and和or常用于句式“祈使句+and/ or+主語+will+其他”,此句式相當于if引導的條件狀語從句。例如: Turn left and you will find the post office.向左轉(zhuǎn),你就會找到郵局的。 知識點3從屬連詞的用法 序號 分類 從屬連詞 例句 1 引導時間狀語從句 since自從,until/till直到,after在……之后,before在……之前,when當……時候,while當……時侯,as soon as一……就……,whenever無論何時 Ill tell him the good news as soon as he es back. 他一回來我就告訴他這個好消息。 When I arrived there, it was raining.當我到那里時,天正在下雨。 2 引導條件狀語從句 if如果,unless除非,as/so long as只要 If you go shopping with me, Ill buy you a pair of shoes.如果你和我一起去購物,我就會給你買一雙鞋。 3 引導目的狀語從句 so that以便,in order that為了, incase以防 Give me your phone number so that I can call you back. 告訴我你的電話號碼,這樣我就可以給你回電話了。 4 引導結(jié)果狀語從句 so that所以,so…that…如此……以致,such... that如此……以致 He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.這個男孩如此小,無法去上學。 5 引導原因狀語從句 because因為,since因為,as因為 I cant get to sleep because it is too noisy outside.由于外面聲音太嘈雜,我睡不著。 6 引導讓步 狀語從句 though盡管。although盡管,eVen if/though即使 Thought he is very old,he still teaches himself English. 盡管他年齡很大,他仍然自學英語。 7 引導方式 狀語從句 as正如,as if/though好像 He stared at me as if he saw me for the first time. 他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。 8 引導地A 狀語從句 where在……的地方,wherever無論何地 We must camp where we can get water. 我們必須在能找到水的地方露營。 9 引導比較 狀語從句 as/so... as像一樣,than比 Not all events in history are as terrible as this,of course.當然,歷史上不是所有的事件都像這個這樣 糟糕。 1. so that表示結(jié)果和目的的用法區(qū)別: 引導目的狀語從句時,表示“以便,為了”,從句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等詞;引導結(jié)果狀語從句時,從句中一般不用can和may等詞,在so that前可以用逗號,意思是“因此,所以”。例如: The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day. 為了能夠在母親節(jié)給她的母親買一份禮物,小男孩存下了每一分錢。(目的狀語從句) The girl was very hungry so that she ate the wholepizza.那個女孩非常餓以至于她吃了一整個比薩餅。(結(jié)果狀語從句) 2. whether與if的用法區(qū)別: 用作從屬連詞時.whether和if都意為“是否”。一般情況下,二者可以互換。但以下幾種情況中只能用whether: ①與動詞不定式連用時。例如: I couldnt decide whether to go.我不確定是否要去 ②引導介詞的賓語從句時。例如: There has been no news about whether they havefinished their work.仍然沒有他們是否已經(jīng)完成工作的消息。 ③引導主語從句且里于句首時。例如: Whether it is true remains a question. 它是真是假還是個問題。 ④引導表語從句時。例如: The question is whether it will rain.問題是會不會下雨。 ⑤引導同位語從句時。例如 There is a doubt whether he is fit for the job. 他是否勝任這份工作還有疑問。 ⑥與or not直接連用時。例如 Let me know whetheror not you can win the game.請讓我知道你是否能移獲勝。 3. though與although的用法區(qū)別: ①用作連詞,表示“雖然”,兩者含義相同,可換用,although比though更為正式。例如: Though/Although we are poor, we are still happy.我們雖然窮,仍然很快樂。 ②用作副詞,though可用作副詞,一般放在句末,意為“可是,不過”;although不用作副詞。例如: Its hard work; I enjoy it though.工作很辛苦,可是我樂意干。 ③用于短語,在as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,縱然)等固定短語中不能用although. ④用于倒裝,though引導的讓步狀語從句可用倒裝的形式(注意:倒裝后位于句首的名詞之前不用冠詞),但although一般不這樣用。例如: Child though he was, he did quite well.他雖是個孩子,但干得很好。 4. till與until的用法區(qū)別: 這兩個詞都意為“直到……,一直…為止”,表示一個動作持續(xù)到某一時刻或另一動作發(fā)生為止,其后的詞或從句表示這段時間的終點.在句首時只能用until。在肯定句中,句子(或主句)與延續(xù)性動詞連用。在否定句中,句子(或主句)可以和非廷續(xù)動詞連用,這時。until和before近義,表示‘直到……才”。例如: He didnt go to sleep until 12 last night.他昨晚直到十二點鐘才睡覺。 Her mother couldnt buy him a piano until he was seven.直到她七歲.她媽媽才有能力給她買一架鋼琴。 知識點4常見連詞的用法辨析 1.when,while,與as when when既可指時間點,也可指時間段,其引導的從句中的動詞可以是非延續(xù)性動詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動詞引導的從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生。 When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest. (finished先發(fā)生)當他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會兒。 while while只指時間段,其引導的從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞; while強調(diào)主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作發(fā)生的過程中或主從句的動作同時發(fā)生。 While we were swimming,they were reading books.我們在游泳,他們在讀書。 as as表示“一邊一邊,與……同時”,引導的從句表示的是一件事情正在發(fā)生,另一件也在進行中。 As the day went on,the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去,天氣越變越壞。 When/While/As we were dancing,a stranger came in. ( dance為延續(xù)性動詞)當我們跳舞時,一位陌生人走了進來。 【知識拓展】 1. when有時作并列連詞用,相當于at that/this time,意為“就在這/那時”,而不是“當……時候”。例如: A girl was walking along the street, when she met her friend一個女孩正在街上走著,這時,她遇到了她的朋友。 2. while引導時間狀語從句時,主句和從句均可用進行時態(tài)。例如: I was drawing while my brother was reading.我在畫畫的時候,我弟弟在讀書。 2.because,since,與as because because是從屬連詞,表示造成某種情況的直接原因,語氣最強,常用來回答由why引導的問句,其從句的位里通常在主句的后面。 He has to leave because it is too late.因為太晚了,他不得不走。 He didnt go to school because he was ill.他因為生病沒有去上學。 since since是從屬連詞.語氣比as稍強,不表示直接的或根本的原因,而是一種已知的或非常顯然的理由,since引導的從句通常位于主句之前。 Since everyone is here, lets start.既然大家那到齊了,我們就出發(fā)吧! Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it.既然你不感興趣,那找就不告訴你了。 as As是從屬連詞,表示原因時,語氣最弱,所說的原因比較明顯或是是已知的事實,它引導的從句一般位于主句之前。 We all like her as she is kind.我們都喜歡她,因為她善良。 As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.因為你不能回答.也許我們該問別的人。 【知識拓展】for也可表示原因,但它是并列連詞,強調(diào)間接原因和理由,是對前面的分句加以解釋或表示推斷的原因。for所連接的分句通常位于句尾,前面用逗號分開。例如: There must be in the classroom now, for the light is still on.教室里現(xiàn)在一定有人,因為燈還亮。粉。 3.such…that與so…that such…that such為形容詞,后接名詞,其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三種情況: such + a(an) + adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 such + adj+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 such +adj+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句 He was such an honest man that he waspraised by theteacher.他非常誠實,因而受到了老師的表揚。 Theyare such interesting movies that I want to watch them once again這些電影非常有趣,我想再看一遍。 He has made such great progressthat the manager is pleasedwith him.他進步得很快,經(jīng)理對他感到很滿意。 so…that so為副詞,與形容詞或副詞連用其結(jié)構(gòu)是: so+adj (adv.)+that從句 so+adj. +a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 This is so interesting a book that we all like reading it. 這本書是如此有趣以至于我們都喜歡看。 John ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with her.約翰跑得那么快,我趕不上她。 【易錯警示】 1.當名詞前面有many, much,few, little等表示數(shù)量多少的限定詞時,應(yīng)該用so,而不能用such。例如Ive had so many falls that Imblack and blue all over.我跌倒了好多次,以至于我的全身青一塊紫一塊。Peter drank so much wineyesterday that he felt terrible.昨天彼得喝了那么多的酒,以至于他感覺不舒服。 2.當單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞時,既可用so,也可用such,但不定冠詞的位置卻有所不同。如:This is such an important meeting that you shouldattend it.(=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.)這是一次很重要的會議,你一定要參加。 考點突破 考點1考查并列連詞and (龍東中考)To make our dreams e true, we should have aims_______ then try our best to achieve it A. and B. but C. or 【解析】選A??蘸缶渥映薪忧懊娴膬?nèi)容,表示順承關(guān)系,用并列連詞and。 考點2考查并列連詞or 2.(赤峰中考)Hurry up, ________ youll be late for school. A. but B. and C. or D. then 【解析】選C。or可用于句式“祈使句+or+主語+will+其他”中,表示“否則”,故此處要用or 3. (平?jīng)鲋锌?Which do you prefer to use to municate with your friends, QQ_____ MSN? A. and B. nor C. or D. so 【解析】選C。該句為選擇疑問句,連詞or意為“或者”,表示選擇關(guān)系。 考點3 考查并列連詞but 4.(上海中考)-Would you like to go to the cartoon show with me? -It sounds like fun,________ Im too busy. A. so B. for C. or D. but 【解析】選D。答語后半句話表示轉(zhuǎn)折,but表示“但是”,符合題意。 ‘ 考點4考查并列連詞either…or… 5.(呼和浩特中考)一Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai? 一I may live _____ in a hotel_______ in a friends house. A. both; and B. .either; or C. neither…nor… D..not only…but also 【解析】選B。答句中兩者為選擇關(guān)系,表示“或者……或者”,故用either. .or….結(jié)構(gòu)。 考點5考查并列連詞so 6.(德州中考)-Are you going out, Mike? Its really late now. -Its the last day to buy tickets to the xx FIFA World Cup in Brazil, ______ I must go now. A. if B. or C. so D. though 【解析】選C。由答語可知,空后句子表示結(jié)果,故用so“因此”。 考點6考查從屬連詞until 7.(來賓中考)I didnt know the news_______ you told me. Thank you for telling that. A. unless B. though C. until D. while 【解析】選C。句意為:直到你告訴我,我才知道這個消息。此處為“not. .until. . .”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“直到……才”。 考點7考查從屬連詞as soon as 8.(赤峰中考)-Will you please give this message to Helen? ---Sure. Ill give it to her _______ she arrived here. A. Until B. although C. before D. as soon as 【解析】選D, 此處意為“她一來我就給她’as soon as意為“一……就……”,引導狀語從句,符合句意。 考點8考查從屬連詞as long as 9。(邢州中考)一We will certainly enter a good high school_______ we work hard 一Yes. Our dream will e true by working hard. A .as soon as B. as long as C. as far as D. even if 【解析】選B。句意為:只要我們努力學習、我們肯定能進人一所優(yōu)秀的高中。as long as意為‘只要”,條件狀語從句,符合句意。 考點9考查從屬連詞so that 10. (濱州中考)The teacher asked me to read aloud______ all the students could hear me. A. so that B. for C. because D. in order to 【解析】選A so that意為“以便”,引導目的狀語從句。句意為“老師讓我大聲朗讀以便所有學生都能聽到. for意為“因為”; because意為“因為”;in order to意為“為了”,其后接動詞原形。 考點10考查從屬連詞because 11. (黔西南中考)He didnt go to school yesterday________ he was ill A. because B. because of C. if D.so 【解析I選A because引導原因狀語從句,意為“因為”,符合題意。Because of后接名詞、代詞或動名詞; if引導條件狀語從句;so表示結(jié)果。故選A 考點11考查從屬連詞although/though 12.(天津中考)_______ he was very tired, he continued working in his office. A. Since B. Although C. As soon asD. Because 【解析】選B。句意為:盡管很累,他還是繼續(xù)在辦公室工作。although意為“盡管”,引導讓步狀語從句。 13. (xx衡陽)________we felt tired.________ we felt happy. A. Though; but B. If; but C. Though;/ [解析I選C although/though不能與but連用,排除A項;if意為“如果”,含義不對,排除B項;though意 為“盡管”,符合句意,第二空不填,故選C 考點12考查從屬連詞than 14.(宜昌中考)-What would you do for your dad on Fathers Day? -I prefer to take him for a trip________ buy him gifts. A.in order to B. no more than C. rather than D. according to 【解析】選C。答句意為:我更愿意帶他去旅游而不愿給他買禮物。Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”,符合題意。故選C 15.(東營中考)It is better to travel 10,000 miles______ to read 10,000 books. A. as B. but C. nor D. than 【解析】選D。句意為:讀萬卷書不如行萬里路??崭袂昂鬄楸容^關(guān)系,用連詞than.- 1.請仔細閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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