2019-2020年高考英語 語法知識匯總 第13章 名詞性從句.doc

2019-2020年高考英語 語法知識匯總 第13章 名詞性從句第一節(jié) 真題精析1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 【04全國】A. this B. that C. it D. one 2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree. 【04全國】A. why B. where C. what D. how 3. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _they insist on going by motor-bike. 【04全國】A. why B. whether C. when D. how4. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. 【04湖南卷】 A. which B. why C. what D. how5. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. 【04廣東卷】A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom7. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their children6s future. 【04廣東卷】A. that B. howC. such D. so7. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago. 【04天津卷】A. what B. which C. that D. where8. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. 【04上海卷】A. where B. what C. that D. how9. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. 【04上海卷】A. when B. where C. what D. that10.The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towardspeace.”【04北京】A.This is B. There isC.That is D. It is11.We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. 【04北京】A.thatB. asC.why D. when12It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today . 【xx上?！緼that Bwhen Cwhat Dhow13There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need . 【xx上海】Athat to be improved Bwhich to be improved Cwhereimproving Dwhenimproving 14.Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is not ever. 【xx上?！緼. that B. which C. of which D. what15. be sent to work there? 【xx上?！緼. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should16. Perseverance is a kind of qualityand thats it takes to do anything well. 【xx上?！緼. what B. that C. which D. why17. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady. 【xx上?！緼. might B. need C. should D. would18. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 【xx上?！緼. while B. that C. when D. as19. A puter can only do _ you have instructed it to do. 【NMETxx】 A. how B. after C. what D. when 20. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. 【NMET1997】 A. howeverB. whatever C. whichever D. Whenever21. Do you remember _ he came? 【MET1994】 Yes, I do, he came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if22. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 【NMET1996】 A. If B. Whether C. ThatD. Where23. _we cant get seems better thanwe have. 【NMET1996】A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what245. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 【NMET1995】 A. There B. This C. ThatD. It25. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that_ you had a few days off? 【NMETxx】A. why B. when C. whatD. where【答案與解析】1. C 該題是考查賓語從句中形式賓語的用法。在enjoy, hate, like, love等表示“喜怒哀樂”的詞和take等此后若跟賓語從句需用形式賓語it，把真正的賓語放后。題意：我喜歡秋天晴朗明亮的天氣。又如：I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（xx） A it Bthat Cthose Dthem2. B 該題是考查名詞性從句中的表語從句的用法。據(jù)題意：你一直說人人平等，這就是我不能茍同之處。此處是指的everyone should be equal這句話這一點(diǎn)，我不能茍同。故選where。3. A 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查名詞性從句的用法。根據(jù)前面“路為雪覆蓋”和后面“他們騎摩托”得知此處應(yīng)當(dāng)是因果關(guān)系，故選擇why。表示我不解的原因。句意：路上都是雪。我不明白他們?yōu)槭裁磮猿烛T摩托車去。4. C 該題考查名詞性從句。關(guān)聯(lián)詞在賓語從句中作賓語，故選what。句意：我認(rèn)為父親想知道我迄今在忙什么；因此我決定給他寄一個快箋。5. B該題根據(jù)交際情景考查名詞性從句的用法。it是形式主語，后面是主語從句因此用陳述句語序。選擇B最佳。句意：我一直誠實(shí)坦率，我和誰說話并不重要。6. B該題根據(jù)交際情景考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法。關(guān)鍵詞是important需要副詞how修飾。由how important引導(dǎo)賓語從句。句意：要教會父母懂得教育對孩子的未來是多么重要。7. A該題根據(jù)交際情景考查名詞性的用法。根據(jù)題目此處作in的介詞賓語，在從句中作主語故選what。句意：在10年前還是廢墟的地方，一座現(xiàn)代化的城市拔地而起。8. B 考查名詞性從句的用法。這是一個復(fù)雜句，首先是一個由after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，在主句中又包含一個主語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在主語從句中作賓語，因此，用what。句意：楊利偉成功環(huán)繞地球后，我們的宇航員期望的是太空漫步。9. D 考查名詞性從句的用法。本句是一個含有同位語從句的句子，story與that從句是一種同位關(guān)系，也就是說，that從句說明story的內(nèi)容，因此D正確。10.D 該題考查主語從句中形式主語的用法。為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，用形式主語it代替，把真正主語放在句子后面。句意：那位外長說：“我們希望雙方向好的方向努力?！?1. C 該題考查名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法。據(jù)題意：我沒想不出為什么大量的昆蟲、鳥和動物瀕臨滅絕。此處是表示原因。12.C 考查名詞性從句，It在句中作形式主語代替后面的主語從句，在主語從句中又缺少主語，應(yīng)選擇連接代詞，既起連接作用，又擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分，因此選擇C。句意：現(xiàn)在已相當(dāng)清楚是什么在控制著二氧化碳初入大氣的流動。13.A 考查名詞性從句與動詞need。a new problem與road conditions need是一種同位關(guān)系；improve與road condition之間是一個動賓關(guān)系，因此need如果后接不定式應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，如接動名詞應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動的意思，A為正確答案。14.A 考查名詞性從句，在此句中從句與feeling形成一種同位關(guān)系，說明feeling所包含的內(nèi)容，that為正確答案。15.A 考查虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法，從以下兩點(diǎn)來考慮（1）suggest后接的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，動詞用原形或should+動詞原形（2）suggest后接賓語從句，其疑問和否定形式前移到主句。16.A 考查名詞性從句，Thats后面的部分是一個表語從句，所選擇的連接詞在表語從句中作賓語，因此選擇連接代詞what。17.C 考查虛擬語氣在賓語從句的運(yùn)用。Imagine的賓語從句謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形。18.B. 考查名詞性從句連接詞的用法。information與that more middle school graduates will be admitted into the universities是一種同位關(guān)系，后者說明前者所包含的內(nèi)容與信息。that只起連接作用，不能省略。19C 該題考賓語從句連接詞的用法。從題干中“to do”后缺賓語來判斷，所填的詞一定同時滿足兩個條件：引導(dǎo)賓語從句（作“can only do”的賓語）；本身充當(dāng)“to do”后的賓語，所以用what。句意：計算機(jī)只能按人們的指令去做事。20 B 該題考查由whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵詞是give 和want，give要接雙賓語，所以從句是賓語從句，從賓語從句want看需要賓語，故選whatever。Whatever強(qiáng)調(diào)任意性，泛指；what強(qiáng)調(diào)特指。句意：普遍認(rèn)為，孩子要什么就給他什么不是聰明之舉。21 A該題考賓語從句連接詞的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵詞是答語中的by car，從此判斷是對來的方式的提問，故用how 引導(dǎo)。句意：“你記得他怎么來的么？”“記得，他開車來的?！?2 B該題考查名詞性從句的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵是depend on （取決于）說明是表示選擇，故用whether引導(dǎo)主語從句。句意：我們明天是否去野營要看天氣而定。 23A該題考查名詞性從句的用法。從題干看，兩個空中所給之詞分別作get和have的賓語，故都必須用what來引導(dǎo)。what和that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的根本區(qū)別，what做成份而that只起到引導(dǎo)詞的作用，不作成份。句意：我們得不到的似乎比我們所擁有的要好。24 D該題考查名詞性從句的用法。It是形式主語，真正主語放到后面(Its + 名詞 +that)以保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。使用形式主語的情況還有：Its + 過去分詞+ that; Its +形容詞 + that; It happens/seems/appears that。句意：事實(shí)上英語作為國際語言正為世人所接受。25A該題考查名詞性從句的用法。why引導(dǎo)的表語從句是說明had a few days off的原因。句意：“我上周開車去參加珠海的空展了?！薄斑@就是你請了幾天假的原因嗎？”第二節(jié) 考點(diǎn)歸納在復(fù)合句中具有名詞的性質(zhì)的作主語、表語、同位語、賓語的從句叫名詞性從句。因此，我們把主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。當(dāng)名詞性從句要采用陳述句語序。由一個含疑問意義的連詞引起時，必須將該連詞放在名詞性從句的開頭，且該從句語序不能倒裝。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致相同，它們分別是：連詞：that, whether, if；關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引導(dǎo)從句時一般不用逗號和主句分開。詳細(xì)見下表：類 別詞 義在從句中的作用that無任何詞義僅起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分if和whether意為“是否”，表明從句意義的不確定性起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)主、表、賓、定語等關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語1、that從句與wh-關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別 連詞that在從句中不作成分，不含疑問意義；而wh-連詞在從句中作成分，且含有疑問意義；或what/where從句相當(dāng)于一個名詞后加一個定語從句。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的頭發(fā)在變白令她有點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂。（that在從句中只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，不作成分）What caused the accident is still a plete mystery. 事故發(fā)生的原因仍然是個不解之謎。（What在從句中作主語） 2、that與whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別。 （1）動詞doubt表示“懷疑、不知道” 解時，肯定句接whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；否定句dont doubt和疑問句Do you doubt要接that引導(dǎo)的從句。 I dont doubt that he will e soon.我不懷疑他不久會來。（此處不用whether） Can you doubt that he will win?你懷疑他會贏嗎？（此處不用whether）比較：doubt表示“不信”解時，表示強(qiáng)烈的不相信時，在陳述句中可接that從句。I doubt whether it is true.我懷疑那不是真的。 I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他會留在那里。（2）that本身無意義，有時可以省略；whether本身有意義，在句中均不可省略。 He said (that) he was from New York.他說他是從紐約來的。（that無意義，可以省略） Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去沒定下來。（whether 有意義，不可以省略）（3）如果賓語從句表示兩種可能性據(jù)其一時，只能用whether(or not)，不可用that。 I wonder whether he knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否認(rèn)識經(jīng)理。（不能用that）I am not sure whether he will e.他來不來我沒把握。（不能用that）（4）whether引導(dǎo)的從句能幾乎作所有介詞的賓語；that引導(dǎo)的從句只能作except, but, besides的介詞賓語。I have no interest in whether he will e.我對他來與否不感興趣。（不能用that）He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是個好孩子，只是有時有點(diǎn)粗心。3、whether和if的區(qū)別 （1）whether可以引導(dǎo)discuss，decide,consider和介詞賓語從句，而if不能。 They are talking about whether they will go there.他們正在討論是否去那里。（不能用if） （2）whether可以應(yīng)到所有的名詞性從句，而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句；在引起主語從句時，特別是主語從句在句首時，不能用if，除非是有形式主語it的主語從句。 Whether the xx Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. xx年奧運(yùn)會是否在北京舉行還不知道。（不能用if） （3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，構(gòu)成whether or not或whether or no，if則不能。但可以說whether/if or not, whether/if or。I dont know whether or not hell e. 我不知道他是否會來。（不能用if）（4）if 引導(dǎo)的從句可用于否定的謂語，whether引導(dǎo)的從句不用于否定的謂語。 I dont care if you wont e.我才不在乎他來不來呢。 （5）whether or可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，or不可省略；if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不論明天下不下雪，我都騎車去。 If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果給他更多的時間，他會做得更好。（6）whether可以和不定式連用，而if不能。 He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚還是等等再說。They havent decided whether to go there or not.他們還沒決定去不去。（7）whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可以用肯定，也可以用否定，但含義不同。He asked whether she could help.他問她是否能幫忙。（表示疑問，可加or not） He asked whether she couldnt help.他認(rèn)為她能幫忙。（表示否定，不可加or not）巧記whether與if異同“whether”與“if”都可表“是否”，是常考內(nèi)容。下面的順口溜可幫你記住其異同。主從表從同位從，if不用whether用；discuss和介詞后，whether引賓從；不定式、or not后面跟，whether獨(dú)能顯神通；賓從如是否定句，if發(fā)揮其功用；避免歧義要慎重，其它情況可換用。4、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞引起的名詞性從句的應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問題（1）wh-ever引起的名詞性從句不含疑問意義，相當(dāng)于不定代詞后加一個定語從句：whatever = anything that，whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指；而what，which，who，when，where，how等詞都有時含有疑問意義，表示特指。A puter can only do what you have instructed it to do. 計算機(jī)只能按人們的指令去做事。(特指) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 普遍認(rèn)為，孩子要什么就給他什么不是聰明之舉。(泛指)（2）介詞后的who/whom，whoever/whomever的選擇問題，則要看連接詞在從句中是作主語還是作賓語而定，如在從句中作主語則只能選用who/whoever。Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他們送給感興趣的人。（不能用whomever）Who do you think is the best student?你認(rèn)為誰是最好的學(xué)生。（不能用whom）（3）正確使用who/ whoever，what/whatever，how/however，where/wherever，when/whenever，which/whichever，who，what，where，when，how，which一要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看其在從句中作何成分，二是理清其在句中的含義。-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. 我上周開車去參加珠海的空展了。-Is that why you had a few days off? （表原因）這就是你請了幾天假的原因嗎？I remember when this used to be a quiet place.我記憶中這里曾經(jīng)是一個安靜的地方。(表時間)二、主語從句(subject clauses)在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有從屬連詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接副詞等。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞that、whether，關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。1、 從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句。從屬連詞that，whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，它們在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略。That you dont like him is none of my business.你不喜歡她不管我的事。Whether she will e or not is still a question. 她是否會來仍是一個問題。2、 it作形式主語引導(dǎo)主語從句。如果主語從句太長，為避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，我們可用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句謂語部分之后。That引導(dǎo)的主語從句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)： It is/was +形容詞+that 從句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 顯而易見 Its fortunate that 幸運(yùn)的是 Its (im)possible（不）可能 Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是 It is/was +名詞+that 從句 Its a pity that 遺憾的是 Its a fact that 事實(shí)是 Its good news that是好消息 Its a wonder that不足為奇 Its an honour that 非常榮幸 Its a shame that真是可恥 Its mon knowledge that 是常識 It +不及物動詞+that 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that碰巧 It appears that看來 It turns out that結(jié)果 It is/was +過去分詞+that 從句 Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 據(jù)說 Its reported that 據(jù)報道 Its decided that尚未決定 Its believed that 據(jù)認(rèn)為 Its announced that據(jù)宣布 It suddenly struck me (occur to me that 我突然想到（感覺到） 其他 It doesnt matter 是無關(guān)緊要的 It makes no difference 毫無區(qū)別 It is of little consequence that無關(guān)緊要2、 由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。（1） 連接代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引導(dǎo)主語從句時，它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語或定語，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)燈。What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行為可能傷害別人。（2）what引導(dǎo)主語從句“的東西/事情”時，可用來表示the thing(s)which這種意思，引導(dǎo)從句，表示一樣?xùn)|西與一件事情，這種用法的what稱為關(guān)系代詞型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。這些關(guān)系詞在句子中充當(dāng)成分，所以不能省略。此類主語從句不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)。What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移動電話。Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.無論是誰離開辦公室都應(yīng)該告訴我。3、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。連接副詞有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)主語從句時，它們在從句中擔(dān)任狀語，不能省略。此類主語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為以it作形式主語的句子。Why he didnt e here is not clear to anyone.他為什么沒來誰也不清楚。三、表語從句用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表語從句的連系動詞由be, look, remain, seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略。1、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句。that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢。The question is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。2、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作。3、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所擔(dān)心的。4、由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了。四、同位語從句用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，對這些名詞進(jìn)行說明或解釋。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除連詞that，whether外，還有關(guān)系代詞what, which, who, 以及關(guān)系副詞how，when，where，why等。1、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我沒有聽到會議被推遲的消息。2、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他說了些什么。3、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么時候回來。4、定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。（1）同位語從句相當(dāng)于名詞，它對其前的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋其內(nèi)容的作用；而定語從句的功能相當(dāng)于形容詞，它對其先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用。The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建議很好。(定語從句)The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我們輪流打掃教室，這個建議很好。(同位語從句)（2）引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)某種成分，作賓語時可省略；而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連接詞，在從句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。The fact (that) we talked about is important.我們所談?wù)摰那闆r很重要。(定語從句，that作從句中介詞about的賓語)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的實(shí)驗(yàn)成功了，這使大家很高興。(同位語從句，that在從句中不作任何成分)（3）引導(dǎo)定語從句的when，where是關(guān)系副詞，不但在句中充當(dāng)句子成分，還有與其含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~；而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的when，where是關(guān)系副詞，雖可以在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，但沒有與之含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~。Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中國人民受欺侮的時候一去不復(fù)返了。(定語從句，the days與when構(gòu)成含義相當(dāng)?shù)拇钆潢P(guān)系)I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么時候回來。(同位語從句，idea與when在含義上沒有任何搭配關(guān)系)（4） 同位語從句的先行詞應(yīng)是表示抽象概念的詞，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定語從句的先行詞是各種抽象概念的詞或具體概念的詞。He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能寫小說。（同位語從句）I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們在良鄉(xiāng)的日子。（定語從句）五、賓語從句(object clauses)用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語相同。賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞和非謂語動詞（動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞）和某些形容詞的賓語。賓語從句可以由從屬連詞that whether、if，關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which和關(guān)系副詞when、where、how、why等引導(dǎo)。1、作動詞賓語 （1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，在句中不做成分，在口語和非正式文體中常省去。I think (that) hell be right in a few days. 我認(rèn)為他幾天后就會好的。I wish （that） she would understand me.我希望她理解我。（2）由關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在句中作成分，即主語、賓語、表語和定語，關(guān)系代詞在句中不能省略。 A puter can only do what you have instructed it to do計算機(jī)只能按人的指令去做。Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他們在等誰嗎？（3）關(guān)系副詞when，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)賓語從句。關(guān)系副詞 when，where，how，why 既有疑問意義，又起連接作用，而且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)各種狀語，分別表時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 請告訴我我們將何時討論計劃。I dont know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我們將在哪里開會。（4）由從屬連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在鄉(xiāng)下女兒是否和兒子一樣受到重視。I dont know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意幫我。注意：whether 和if的區(qū)別，請參考概述部分。（5）動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。動詞如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，賓語從句前可以有一個間接賓語，這個賓語有時可以省略，有的不能省略。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經(jīng)通知我們將什么時候討論我的建議。(me不可省略)She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答應(yīng)以后給我們更多的幫助。(us可省略)2、作介詞賓語It depends on whether he is ing or not. 這要看他是否會來。I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我們該做什么。注意：that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句只在in, but, except,besides等少數(shù)介詞后作賓語，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因?yàn)椋?，but that要不是(只是)，except that除了。The higher ine tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得稅過高是有害的，因?yàn)樗赡苁谷瞬辉付噘嶅X。3、 作形容詞賓語。that引導(dǎo)的從句在下列形容詞后面作賓語，that可以省略。Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定從前是否見過他。Im sorry (that) youre ill. 你病了，我很難過。4、it充當(dāng)形式賓語，真正的賓語-賓語從句后置。正如我們常用it充當(dāng)形式主語代替主語從句一樣，我們也常用it用作形式賓語代替賓語從句，把真正的賓語從句后置。特別是帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略。有下列幾種情況：（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等動詞接復(fù)合賓語（賓語賓補(bǔ)）時，要用it作形式賓語。She thinks it wrong that he didnt answer the phone她認(rèn)為他不接電話是不對的。 （2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,take 等表“喜怒哀樂”的動詞，后若要跟賓語從句時，需跟形式賓語 it。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜歡人們滿口飯說話。 I like it that everyone passed the exam都通過了考試我很喜歡。 （3）由動詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞后接 that 賓語從句時，要用形式賓語。如： We are thinking of it that well lend you some money我正在考慮借給你錢的事。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的時候我負(fù)責(zé)把他照顧好。（4）用于“動詞+賓語+介詞短語”的句型中。Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.要記住你得十點(diǎn)鐘之前回家。We took it for granted that he would e.我們認(rèn)為他來是當(dāng)然的。(5)不可直接跟that從句的動詞。下列動詞不可直接接that從句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike（厭惡）, overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear（聽見）, see（看見）, want（想要） 等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that從句；或接動名詞、不定式。He overlooked it that he had made another mistake.(正確)He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正確)He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(錯誤)他忽視了一件事，他又犯了一個錯誤。I admire it that they won the match. (正確)I admire the fact that they won the match. (正確)I admire that they won the match. (錯誤) 我很羨慕，他們贏得了比賽。5、that引導(dǎo)賓語從句的省略。（1） 主句謂語動詞是agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate等時，其后賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that一般不可省略；主句謂語動詞是hear, know, say, see, confess consider, declare, understand, propose等時，其后賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略，也可以不省略；主句謂語動詞是think, suppose, believe, presume, dare say等時，其后賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。He suggested that we should set off at 8 oclock tomorrow morning.他建議我們明天早晨8點(diǎn)走。(that不可省略)I think (that) this is very important.我認(rèn)為這很重要。(that可省略)（2） 當(dāng)一個句子很復(fù)雜，句中有多個狀語時，that不可省略；或者一個句子有多個并列的賓語從句時，特別第一個賓語從句特別長，后面的賓語從句的that不可省略；謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入語時，that不可省去。He said you neednt worry and that he would help you . 他說你沒有必要著急，他會幫助你的。（said之后可省去that，但第二個that不可省去）We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow. 就