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1、 閱讀理解： 第五篇U. S. Eats Too Much Salt 　　People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, govemment health experts said on Thursday. 　　They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-

2、risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than l,500 mg per day, yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day. 　　The study in CDCs weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l,500 mg of sod

3、ium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups. 　　Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate. 　　Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant food

4、s. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply. 　　Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a s

5、troke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said. 1. Too much salt raises ones risk for _________. A. strokes B. heart attacks C. high blood pressure D. all of the above 2. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is ________. A. closer t0 3,500 mg per day B.

6、 as much as 3,436 mg per day C. no more than l,500 mg per day D. less than 3,500 mg per day 3. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains ________. A. a low level of sodium B. a lot of potassium and calcium C. no salt at all D. both A and B 4. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high

7、-risk groups,________. A. for they are inactive B. for they are black or over the age of 40 C. for they frequently eat out D. for they consume sodium every day 5. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be A. good in taste B. low in price C. poor in nutrition D. high in salt

8、 解析： 1. D [解析]由第一段的People in the United States consume more than twice the recom. mended amount of salt，raising their risk flor high blood pressure，heart attacks and strokes，government health experts said on Thursday.可知，A、B、C都出現(xiàn)了，因此選D。 2.C[解析]由第二段中…would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no m

9、ore than 1，500 mgper day和第五段中…should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg of sodium per day…可知，每天鈉的攝入量不應(yīng)超過1500毫克。因此選C。 3.D[解析]文章第三段說到People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium(鈉)and rich in potassium(鉀)and calcium(鈣)can improve theirblood pressure，因此D是正確答案。

10、 4.B [解析]第五段提到…they are black or over the age of 40-which are consideredhigh-risk groups，因此選B。 5.D[解析]第七段說Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged，processed and restaurant foods.因此選擇D。 第十六篇Eat to Live A meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much fun—and it might

11、 not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to1 most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they

12、did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins2. Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed

13、another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old—equivalent to about 70 human years. The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally

14、 fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production4—probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only st

15、arted dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. “This is the first indication that thee effects kick in5 pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C. No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does i

16、n mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, out bodies are les efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period o

17、f time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it6. “The mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can on

18、ly eat half of that.” Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. 詞匯： meager [mi:ɡ?(r)] adj. 不足的 youthful [ju:θf(wàn)ul] adj. 有青春活力的 vigor [v?ɡ?(r)] n. 精力，活力 metabolize [m?tb?

19、laiz] vt. 使(一種物質(zhì))進(jìn)入新陳代謝過程 genetic [d??net?k] adj. 基因的 rejuvenation [ri?d?u:v?nei∫?n] n. 恢復(fù)活力，返老還童 liver [liv?] n. 肝臟 toxin [t?ksin] n. 毒素 ration [r∫?n] n. 定量 calorie [kl?ri] n. 卡 (熱量的單位) inflammation [?infl?mei∫?n] n. 炎癥，發(fā)炎 trade-off n. 交換，交易 rejuvenate [rid?u:vineit] vt. 使恢復(fù)活力 注釋： 1. han

20、g on to : 繼續(xù)保留。例如：You should hang on to that painting – it might be worth a lot of money one day. 你應(yīng)該繼續(xù)保留那幅畫，或許有一天它會(huì)值很多錢。 2. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 老鼠的肝部基因恢復(fù)活力不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)老鼠在其他方面的老化，但卻

21、有助于肝臟帶血藥物或除去毒素。 other damager caused by time 歲月造成的其他方面的破壞，即“其他方面的老化”。Metabolize drugs:代謝藥物，即“使藥物參與新陳代謝以提高藥效”。 get rid of :擺脫，除去。 3. half-rations 和 half-feed: 都是指“老鼠飼料正常定量(normal diet)的一半”。 4. free radical production：指“(有機(jī)體組織、器官等的)無限激增”。 5. kick in ：意為“開始起作用”。如：We’re still waiting for the air cond

22、itioning to kick in ：我們還在等著空調(diào)開始起作用。 6.be worth it ： 意為“值得，有益”。例如：They are expensive, but they are worth it. 那些東西很貴，但劃得來。 練習(xí)： 1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Eating less than usual might make us live longer. B. If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.

23、 C. Dieting might not be needed. D. We have to begin dieting from childhood. 2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? A. To describe the influence of old age on mice. B. To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice. C. To tell us how mice’s liver genes behave. D. T

24、o inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs. 3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? A. They will not experience free radical production. B. They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime. C. They have more old liver genes to

25、behave like young genes. D. They are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers? A. The mice that started dieting in old age. B. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes. C. Calorie rest

26、riction that works in people. D. Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective. 5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that A. calorie restriction is very important to young people B. seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal. C. dieting is not a good met

27、hod to give us health and a long life. D. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. 答案與題解： 1. D 第一段第一句講“節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事”，第二句講“即使上了年紀(jì)再節(jié)食，我們?nèi)匀挥锌赡茉诤艽蟪潭壬媳３智啻夯盍Α?，因此，“我們必須從小就開始節(jié)食”是錯(cuò)誤的，D是答案。 2. B 第二段體積“一只高齡老鼠”的時(shí)候，作者談到，“只要連續(xù)四周限制它僅是，它的肝臟基因就會(huì)變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力”。據(jù)此，“為了描述節(jié)食對(duì)老鼠所產(chǎn)生的影響”最好地回答了題干中的問題。

28、3. D 第四段提到，“正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)有46條肝臟基因會(huì)發(fā)生變化，這種變化與炎癥和身體組織無限激增相關(guān)”，因此，D正確。 4. A 第四段最后一個(gè)句子講“但最驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)那些上了年紀(jì)才開始節(jié)食的老鼠也能從70%的基因變化中受益”?！白铙@人的”自然是“最令研究人員感興趣的”。 5. C 文章的最后兩段談及Spindler 對(duì)節(jié)食的看法。首先，他不能肯定節(jié)食是否值得。其次，他希望在不久的將來，我們不必解釋。所以我們可以退職，他認(rèn)為節(jié)食不是得以健康長(zhǎng)壽的好辦法。 譯文： 為了活著吃飯 節(jié)食可能使你健康長(zhǎng)壽，但并不好玩——節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事。即使上了年紀(jì)再節(jié)食

29、，我們?nèi)匀挥锌赡茉诤艽蟪潭壬媳３智啻夯盍Α? StephenSpindler和他在Riverside的加利福尼亞大學(xué)的同事們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，一只高齡老鼠只要連續(xù)四周限制它進(jìn)食，它的某些肝臟基因就會(huì)變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力，老鼠的肝基因恢復(fù)活力不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)老鼠在其他方面的老化，但卻有助于肝臟代謝藥物或除去毒素。 Spindler的團(tuán)隊(duì)正常飼養(yǎng)三只老鼠直到它們死，而另外三只老鼠只喂正常飼料定量的一半。另外三只老鼠在34個(gè)月大的時(shí)候——相當(dāng)于人的70歲，從正常飼養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)到半量飼養(yǎng)一個(gè)月。 研究者檢查了這些老鼠肝臟的11000個(gè)基因的活動(dòng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)有46條肝臟基因發(fā)生變化。這

30、種變化與炎癥和身體組織無限激增相關(guān)——這大概對(duì)老鼠的健康來說是個(gè)壞消息。在那些終生節(jié)食的老鼠中，這46條肝臟基因中的27條繼續(xù)像年輕的基因一樣活動(dòng)，但最驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)是那些上了年紀(jì)才開始節(jié)食的老鼠也能從70%的基因變化中受益。 華盛頓附近的國(guó)家老年協(xié)會(huì)的HuberWarner說：“這是這些影響迅速起作用的第一個(gè)跡象?！? 還沒有知道熱量限制是否在人身上和在老鼠身上一樣起作用，但是Spindler懷有希望。他說：“有吸引人的證據(jù)表明它能起作用?！? 如果它確實(shí)能在人身上起作用，那就有足夠的理由使肝臟煥發(fā)青春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)。當(dāng)我們變老時(shí)，我們的身體對(duì)藥物的新陳代謝就不那么高效。Spindler說

31、短期的節(jié)食足以使藥物充分發(fā)揮藥效。 但是Spindler不能肯定節(jié)食是否值得。他說：“老鼠們病少了，活的更長(zhǎng)，但是它們感到饑餓。即便明白節(jié)食的作用，仍舊很難在飯館里說我只吃一半?！? Spindler希望在不久的將來，我們不必節(jié)食，他的公司，加利福尼亞壽命遺傳學(xué)，正在尋找有熱量控制作用的藥物。 第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking Oil fumes while men are more likely to

32、 develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study. Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, mor

33、e local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate. "An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer," said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and T

34、reatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However,

35、 more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained aboutlirritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent t

36、o2the kitchen. However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. "Unless my family and I don’t eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook." said Xu Li, a 45–year-old local woman. "I k

37、now the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less." Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy die

38、tary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He.3 "Smoking is by far the biggest cause4of lung cancer for men," said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College. "It’s true that second-hand smoke and cookin

39、g fumes are the main causes among women." His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6experts said. 詞匯： fume /fju

40、?m/n.煙,氣,汽 tumor ( = tumour) /tju:m?(r)/n.腫瘤 cancer /kns?/n.癌瘤 breast /brest/n.乳房,胸 incidence /?ns?d(?)ns/n.發(fā)生（率） diagnosis /,da??gn??s?s/n.診斷 inhale /?nhe?l/v.吸入 irritate /?r?te?t/vt.使疼痛,刺激 fry /fra?/v.油炸,油煎 unventilate /?nvent?le?t/vt.使不通風(fēng) adjacent /?d?e?s(?)nt/adj.臨近的 dietary /da??t(?)

41、r?/adj.飲食的 immune /?mju?n/adj.免疫的 honorary/?n(?)(r?)r?/adj.名譽(yù)上的;榮譽(yù)的 respiratory /r?sp?r?t(?)r?/adj.呼吸的 stall /st??l/n.貨攤 注釋： 1. complain原意是“抱怨,訴苦”，但醫(yī)學(xué)上常用complain about或complain of表示“主訴”。 2. adjacent to:與……相毗鄰,臨近(地方) 3. Other experts agreed with He.其他專家同意何醫(yī)生的意見。agree with sb:同意某人的意見。agree w

42、ith sth:同意什么東西。agree to do sth:同意做什么事情。 4. by far the biggest cause:最大的原因。by far是用來做形容詞最高級(jí)the biggest的狀語(yǔ),對(duì)形容詞最高級(jí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。本來形容詞最高級(jí)就已經(jīng)是最高了,可是說話的人還要對(duì)它再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)出來,所以就相當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)的“最最……”的意思。 5. ... warned people not to stand near of stalls selling...:警告人們不要站在賣……的貨攤附近。也可以說成“...warned people off stalls selling...”。 6. .

43、.. if exposed to the fume for a long time： 如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間接觸這種煙的話。expose sb. to sth. 原意是“使(人)暴露于……（物)”，但醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中常常用來表達(dá)“接觸到…（物)”的意思。此處if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于“if one is exposed to the fume for a long time”。 練習(xí)： 1. What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? A. Men are more likely to develop lung

44、cancer than women. B. Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. C. Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. D. Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai

45、? A. Heart disease. B. Breast cancer C. Infectious diseases D. Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A. Irritated eyes and throat. B. Severe pain in both lungs C. Continuous cough and headach

46、e. D. Difficulty in breathing. 4. What was the local women’s reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer? A. Happy. B. Surprised. C. Angry D. Careless. 5. Which of the following has relatively little connection with women’s lung cancer? A. Family cancer history.

47、 B. Unhealthy dietary habits. C. Weak immune systems. D. Personal health and physical condition. 答案與題解： 1. D文章二段明確提到,肺癌的新趨勢(shì)就是“病人更年輕,尤其是婦女”。 2. B文章第三段說道肺癌排在乳腺癌之后,發(fā)病率第二高”，可見乳腺癌才是最常見的疾病。 3. A 文章第七段說道,“60%以上患肺癌的婦女都長(zhǎng)期接觸廚房油煙并主訴眼睛和喉嚨疼痛難受”。 4. B文章倒數(shù)第七段明確說道,“當(dāng)婦女們知道廚房油煙可以致癌時(shí)都很驚訝”。 5. D回答此題

48、時(shí),首先要注意倒數(shù)第五段中的兩處文字,即had few links to. .和was closely related to...，其中l(wèi)ink to 意為connection with,而relate to 則意為connect with,都是“聯(lián)系”的意思,只是few和closely的差別卻很大。few和little 一樣,都是具有否定意義的詞,意為“很少,幾乎沒有”，只是后面的名詞分別為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞而已；它們與a few和a little不同，a few和a little具有肯定意義,意為“有幾個(gè)”和“有一點(diǎn)”，后面的名詞同樣分別為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如果這一點(diǎn)明白了,也就很容

49、易回答這道題了。 第十五篇Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill，new study findings suggest. In an experiment that.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally

50、sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style”5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness bo

51、osting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus，’ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh

52、. “ And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. ” Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less Susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.

53、 For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy，ten

54、se and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches，pains，sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mu

55、cus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold. 詞匯： bay /bei/ n.絕境，窮途末路 flu /flu:/ (influenza 的簡(jiǎn)稱）n.流（行性） 感（冒） virus /vaiarss/ n.病毒 disposition /jdispszijsn/ n.本性，性情 psychosomatic /jsaiksusomaetik/

56、 adj.心身 的，身心的 boost /buist/ vt. 提高，舉起 scratchy /skraetji/ adj.刺痛的，使人發(fā)癢的 runny /rAni/ adj.流黏液的 Pittsburgh /pitsbaig/ n.匹茲堡（美國(guó)城 市） colleague /kDliig/ n.同事 susceptible /soseptobl/ adj.易感的，敏感的 catch / kaetJV vt.感染到 trait /trei，treit/ n.特質(zhì)；特性 perceive /posiiv/ vt.發(fā)覺，覺察；理解 energetic /丨ens丨d3etik/ adj.精

57、力充沛的，精 神飽滿的 easy-going /iizigsuig/ adj.隨和的 tense /tens/ adj.緊張的 hostile /hDstail/ adj.敵意的 nasal / 丨neizl/ adj.鼻的 ache /eik/ n.(長(zhǎng)時(shí)間連續(xù)的）疼痛，酸痛 sneeze /sniiz/ vi.打噴噴 congestion /kondsestpn/ n.充血 mucus /mjuikss/ n.點(diǎn)液 woe /wou/ n.痛苦，苦惱；（復(fù)）災(zāi)難，苦頭 注釋： 1. Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay:情緒樂觀的人不易患

58、感冒。warm people 原意是 “熱心腸的人，情緒高昂的人” ,keep/hold.. at bay是“使……走投無路，不使……接近”的意 思，因此本題目如果直譯則是“情緒高昂的人可能讓感冒不能得逞”或“情緒高昂的人可能 遠(yuǎn)離感冒”或“情緒高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外”。 2. staying positive:保持積極向上（的情緒） 3. exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus:使健康的志愿者接觸感冒（病毒）或流感病 毒。expose原意是“使暴露，使面臨”，這里expose sb. to sth.是“使……接觸……”

59、的意思。 4. sunny disposition:樂觀開朗的個(gè)性 5. positive emotional style:樂觀情緒型，情緒積極型 6. scratchy throat ：嗓子痛 7. susceptible to:對(duì)……敏感的，容易受到……影響的 ‘ 8. as to:關(guān)于，至于 練習(xí)： 1. According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think A that their illness is

60、very serious. B that their illness is not so serious. C that they do not get any illness at all. D that the illness they get is not a mild one. 2. People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A happy. B selfish. C easy-going

61、. D energetic. 3.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have? A Hostile. B Unhappy. C Warm-blooded. D Tense. 4. How did the researchers test their volunteers? A By giving everyone nasal drop

62、s containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. B By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold. C By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function. D By investigating everyones characteristics, interests and hobbies. 5. Which of the fo

63、llowing items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected? A Mucus production. B Aches and pains. C Sneezing or congestion. D Blood test. 答案與題解： 1. B 本題i案來自第三段，其中第二句說:“當(dāng)他們的確患感冒時(shí)，他們認(rèn)為病情并不太嚴(yán) 重” 。 2. B A、C、D在第五段第二句均提到，只有B項(xiàng)沒提到，而且從邏輯推理，情緒樂觀的人 絕不會(huì)是“自私自利”的人。 3. C

64、 選項(xiàng)A、B、D也均在第五段第二句提到，而C項(xiàng)“熱情洋溢”也不應(yīng)屬于情緒低落、消極 的人所應(yīng)有的性格特征。 4. A 第六段第一句說的就是“研究者給這些志愿者一些含有感冒病毒或某種流感病毒的滴 鼻劑”，這正是本題答案。 5. D 選項(xiàng)A、B、C在第六段第二句均提到，而D項(xiàng)則不在其中之列。 譯文： 樂觀情緒助你遠(yuǎn)離感冒最新研究顯示，保持樂觀積極的情緒是預(yù)防感冒的最佳途徑。一項(xiàng)令健康受試者接觸感冒病毒 的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，積極情緒類型的受試者受感染的幾率相對(duì)較小這個(gè)名為“積極情緒可以幫助預(yù)防感冒及其他疾病”的發(fā)現(xiàn)被刊登在《身心醫(yī)學(xué)》期刊上，而究 其原因則分為客觀和主觀兩方面。客觀

65、原因是積極樂觀的情緒有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)的功能，而主觀 原因則是：心情快樂的人較少受到咽痛和流鼻涕的困擾。來自匹茲堡卡內(nèi)基?梅隆大學(xué)的Sheldon Cohen博士是此研究的主要參與者.,他解釋道“積極 情緒類型的人對(duì)于病毒的免疫反應(yīng)可能較常人不同”，“而且當(dāng)患感冒時(shí),他們往往不會(huì)把自己的病 情想象得太糟糕?！痹诖饲耙豁?xiàng)更早的研究中,Cohen及其同事就曾經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，積極情緒型的人對(duì)感冒病毒似乎不太 敏感，但當(dāng)時(shí)并不能確定引起這種區(qū)別的是性格特征因素。在這次新的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究者對(duì)193名健康的受試者進(jìn)行了規(guī)范的性格測(cè)試，包括自我認(rèn)為 的健康程度以及情緒類型等。其中那些更傾向于心情愉快、精力充沛且平易近人的受試者為積極情 緒型，而那些總是心情不快、緊張并對(duì)旁人心存敵意的受試者則屬于消極情緒類型。研究者給每位受試者提供了含有感冒病毒或某類流感病毒的滴鼻液，在接下來的六周里，每位 受試者每