2019屆中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 中考語法專項(xiàng) 第25課 形容詞與副詞基礎(chǔ)知識.doc

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第25課 形容詞與副詞 課堂突破 形 容 詞 概念 用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞，叫作形容詞。 作用 作定語 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden． 你能在花園里見到許多美麗的花朵。 作表語 Your coat is too small． 你的外套太小了。 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy． 那位年老的婦女保持一切東西干凈整潔。 一、形容詞的用法 用法 例句 1. 有些形容詞只能作表語。如：alone, afraid, asleep等。 ①Don’t wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep． 不要把睡著的小孩叫醒。他睡著了。 ②The old man is alone． 這個(gè)老人獨(dú)自一人。 2. 形容詞用來修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。 ①You’d better tell us something interesting． 你最好告訴我們一些有趣的事情。 ②The police found nothing strange in the room． 警察在房間里沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的事情。 3. 多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)排列的先后順序是：（1）冠詞或人稱代詞；（2）數(shù)詞；（3）性質(zhì)；（4）大?。唬?）形狀；（6）表示老少、新舊；（7）顏色；（8）事務(wù)、質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。 ①His grandpa still lives in this small short house． 他爺爺還住在這個(gè)矮小的房子里。 ②The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates． 那個(gè)婦女買了兩個(gè)漂亮的中國盤子。 4. 形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，表示一類人，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有：rich/poor, good/bad, young/old, healthy/ill, living/dead, black/white（表示人種）等。 ①The young should take good care of the old． 年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老年人。 ②The rich never help the poor in this country． 在這個(gè)國家，富人從來不幫助窮人。 5. 形容詞短語作定語時(shí)要后置。 ①They are the students easy to teach． 他們是很容易教的學(xué)生。 ②We live in a house much larger than yours． 我們住的房子比你們的大得多。 6. else要放在疑問代詞或復(fù)合不定代詞之后。 Did you see anybody else? 你看到別的人了嗎？ 二、形容詞比較等級 形容詞比較等級的規(guī)則變化表 情況 改法 例詞 原級 比較級 最高級 一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 比較級在詞尾加-er； 最高級在詞尾加-est tall clean few taller cleaner fewer tallest cleanest fewest 以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞 比較級在詞尾加-r； 最高級在詞尾加-st late large later larger latest largest 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞 比較級先雙寫詞尾這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er；最高級先雙寫詞尾這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-est big fat thin sad hot red wet bigger fatter thinner sadder hotter redder wetter biggest fattest thinnest saddest hottest reddest wettest 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞 比較級改y為i，加-er； 最高級改y為i，加-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上音節(jié)的詞 比較級在詞前加more； 最高級在詞前加most useful expensive more useful more expensive most useful most expensive 常見形容詞比較等級的不規(guī)則變化表 原級 比較級 最高級 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 三、形容詞比較等級的基本句型 等級 句型 例句 原級 as+原級+as，意為“和……一樣” I think this book is as interesting as that one. 我認(rèn)為這本書和那本書一樣有趣。 not+as/so+原級+as，意為“不如……” It’s not as/so hot today as yesterday. 今天不如昨天熱。 less+原級+than，意為“不如……” This story is less interesting than that one. 這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)故事有趣。 比較級 比較級+than，意為“一者比另一者……” Your T-shirt is nicer than his. 你的T恤衫比他的好看。 the+比較級，the+比較級，意為“越……越……” The busier we are, the happier we will be. 我們越忙越快樂。 比較級+and+比較級，意為“越來越……” Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我們的國家正變得越來越強(qiáng)大。 等級 句型 例句 比較級 the+比較級+of the two...，意為“……兩者中較為……的一個(gè)” Jack is the younger of the two boys. 杰克是兩個(gè)男孩中年齡較小的一個(gè)。 數(shù)詞+times+比較級+than，意為“比……更……” This room is three times bigger than that one. 這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)房間大三倍。 比較級+than+any other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/比較級+than+the other+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意為“比其他任何一個(gè)都……” He is taller than any other boy in his class. =He is taller than the other boys in his class.他比班里的其他任何一個(gè)男孩都高。 最高級 the+形容詞最高級+名詞+in/of短語 Jim is the tallest boy of all.吉姆是所有男孩中個(gè)子最高的。 疑問詞+be+the+最高級 Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?太陽、月亮和地球哪一個(gè)最大？ the+序數(shù)詞+最高級，意為“第幾最……” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國第二長河。 one of the+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“最……之一” Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界上最大的城市之一。 【活學(xué)活用】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The more fruit and vegetables you eat, the__________（healthy） you will be. 2. I’ve got quite a few dictionaries. Among them, the Chinese-English dictionary is the （useful）. 3. My time in the middle school was one of__________（exciting） periods of my life. 4. Many students are__________（happy） with too much homework. They need more time for their hobbies. 5. —Why are you looking__________（sleep） in class all day? —Because I can’t finish my homework until eleven every night. 副 詞 用法 主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。 形式 簡單副詞 這類副詞本身就是副詞，沒有特殊的詞尾。如：now, how, there, quite, very, always, too, back, again等。 由形容詞+-ly構(gòu)成的副詞 這些詞多數(shù)是方式副詞。如：bravely, quickly, quietly, greatly, carefully, gladly, slowly, deeply, clearly, firmly, simply, angrily, truly等。 與形容詞同形的副詞 earlyan early bus早班車go to school early上學(xué)早 hardhard work艱辛的工作study hard努力學(xué)習(xí) enoughenough money足夠的錢big enough足夠大 latebe late for school上學(xué)遲到go to bed late睡覺遲 作用 1. 用在形容詞或其他副詞前。如： ①I know him quite well. 我對他很熟悉。 ②She is quite interested in English. 她對英語很感興趣。 2. 修飾動(dòng)詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、頻率等。如： ①He went into the room quietly. 他悄悄地走進(jìn)了房間。 ②They often go skating in winter. 冬天他們經(jīng)常去滑冰。 3. 修飾整個(gè)句子。如： Luckily, they won the game. 很幸運(yùn)，他們贏了這場比賽。 4. 用在名詞后作定語。如： ①Look at the trees there. 看那兒的那些樹。 ②The young people here all like football. 這兒的年輕人都喜歡足球。 5. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如： I saw her out with her parents. 我看見她跟她父母一起出去了。 位置 1. 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般放在動(dòng)詞的后面；若是修飾及物動(dòng)詞，則放在賓語之后。如： Tom does his homework carefully. 湯姆做功課很細(xì)心。 2. 頻度副詞often, always, usually, never以及just, really, suddenly, still等，通常放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be之后。如： ①They always get up very early. 他們總是起得很早。 ②Li Ping is often late for school. 李平經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到。 3. 副詞修飾形容詞或其他副詞時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之前。如：This problem is too difficult. 這個(gè)問題太難了。 注：副詞enough通常放在被修飾詞之后。如：My brother isn’t old enough to go to school. 我弟弟還不到上學(xué)的年齡。 4. 如果一個(gè)句子里同時(shí)出現(xiàn)有表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的副詞作狀語時(shí)，通常是先地點(diǎn)、后時(shí)間。如： ①He worked in Qingdao last year. 他去年在青島工作。 ②I was born in Wuhan in 1976. 我于1976年出生于武漢。 5. 當(dāng)多個(gè)時(shí)間副詞連用時(shí)一般把較具體的時(shí)間放在前面，較籠統(tǒng)的時(shí)間放在后面。如：My uncle will leave for Shanghai at 7 o’clock in the morning tomorrow. 我叔叔明天早晨7點(diǎn)將去上海。 6. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，有些副詞可置于句首，如once, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, now, usually等。如： ①Yesterday we all went to the park. 昨天我們都去公園了。 ②Usually we get on very well with each other. 通常我們彼此相處得都很好。 7. 有少數(shù)副詞在句中的位置非常靈活，常放在與它關(guān)系最密切的詞前，如only, even等。如： ①He can only read. He can’t write. 他只會讀，不會寫。 ②Only I have been there. They haven’t been there. 只有我去過那兒。他們沒去過。 比較等級 1. 副詞比較級和最高級大多數(shù)是在詞前加more和most。只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞，如quick, fast, slow, early等是在詞尾加-er和-est。如： ①They run faster than before. 他們比以前跑得快。 ②He got to school earliest in his class. 在他的班里他到校最早。 2. 副詞比較等級的用法與形容詞比較等級的用法基本相同，但副詞最高級前的定冠詞the可有可無。如： The boy writes （the） most carefully of the four. 那個(gè)男孩是四個(gè)人當(dāng)中寫得最認(rèn)真的。 3. 不規(guī)則副詞的比較級和最高級： well→better→best badly→worse→worst little→less→least much→more→most far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 【活學(xué)活用】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The leaders believed__________（strong） that the purpose of the program was to give youngoverseas Chinese a chance to learn more about themselves. 2. Could you please speak a little more__________（slow）? I can’t follow you. 3. Wei Fang is very young, but she draws as__________（good） as her brother. 4. —Do you think yesterday’s math problem was difficult? —Yes, I could__________（hard） work it out. 5. Jane listens____________________ （careful） in her class. 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。 1. （xx金華、麗水）If you are at a party, you’ll find everyone smiling__________（開心地） and loudly. 2. （xx寧波）The__________（努力） you work, the more progress you will make. 3. We felt__________（驕傲的） when Liu Xiang won first prize again in the race. 4. Everybody should remember it is not__________（安全的） to swim in the river alone. 5. His grandparents live__________（獨(dú)自） in a small house, but they don’t feel__________（孤單的）. 6. —I think winter is a beautiful season,__________（尤其） when it snows. —Me, too. 7. In the piano contest, my brother didn’t play well and I did even__________（差勁的）. 8. —Have you ever seen the movie called The Secret? —Yes, but I think it’s__________（無聊的）. I fell asleep when I saw it. 9. The bread smells good and it sells__________（好）. 10. It’s__________（浪費(fèi)的） to throw away old things. Some of them can be reused. 二、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給漢語提示，在空白處寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。（xx諸暨中考模擬） As a high school student, Kimmarie Pond hadn’t considered living 1__________（健康地） by cycling. That changed after she took part in Soul Cycle’s Soul Scholarship program in the 2__________（第九） month of last year. The program 3__________（教） teens only from New York’s suburbs（郊區(qū)） at that time. The 17-year-old girl, Kimmarie Pond, was asked4__________（是否） she thought she was too old to learn about living a fit lifestyle or not. “I would say that you’re never too old to learn anything. And I don’t think cycling is that hard,” she said. “We take nutrition（營養(yǎng)） classes, where we learn about 5__________（知識） that can help us to be fit. What’s more, I think their teaching methods are also really interesting and 6__________（有用的）,” another student Brown said. About one-third of the teens used to spend plenty of time 7__________（關(guān)閉） off computers before cycling. They really disliked cycling. But now, they are working out regularly. “We could have expected that the kids would be so 8__________（興奮的） about the program,” said Ashley Mashihi, a cycling 9__________（教練）. “It’s such a simple way that you can do either indoors or outdoors to lose weight,” she added. Small steps can mean big changes for these teens. “Doing sports has always been part of my daily life,” Maria Caban said. She said she felt “a sense of 10__________（自豪）” after taking part in the program. “When I walk out,” she said, “I walk with my head up.”  參考答案 課堂突破 形容詞 1. healthier 2. most useful 3. the most exciting 4. unhappy 5. sleepy 副詞 1. strongly 2. slowly 3. well 4. hardly 5. the most carefully 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、1. happily 2. harder 3. proud 4. safe 5. alone, lonely 【解析】句意為“他的爺爺奶奶單獨(dú)住在一個(gè)小房子里，但是并不感到孤獨(dú)”。alone意為“獨(dú)自地”；lonely意為“內(nèi)心孤獨(dú)的”。 6. especially 7. worse 【解析】由題干中的my brother和I可以看出是兩者比較；又由并列連詞and可知前后是承接關(guān)系，題中的even也提示用比較級，即“哥哥彈得不好，我彈得更不好”。 8. boring 9. well 10. wasteful 二、1. healthily 2. ninth 3. taught 4. whether 5. knowledge 6. useful 7. shutting/turning 8. excited 9. coach 10. pride