綠色建筑土木專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

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1、 綠色建筑 摘 要：綠色建筑是指盡力最大限度地節(jié)約資源(能源、土地、水、木)、保護(hù)環(huán)境,減少污染在它的生命周期。為人們提供健康、適當(dāng)、有效利用空間,與自然和諧共生的建筑物。我所說的那樣,綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)的更多細(xì)節(jié)的概念,綠色建筑的設(shè)計(jì),以及概念的意義,綠色建筑和改善效能分析的綠色建筑的外部效應(yīng)的措施。 關(guān)鍵詞：綠色建筑 保護(hù)生態(tài) 意義 分析其影響 1 引言 　　綠色建筑是指建造生命周期,最大限度地節(jié)約資源(能源、土地、水及材料),保護(hù)環(huán)境,減少污染,為人們提供健康、應(yīng)用和有效利用空間,與自然和諧的建筑。 所謂的綠色建筑的“綠色”并不意味著一般意義的三維綠色屋頂花園,但是表現(xiàn)一

2、個(gè)概念或符號(hào),是指建設(shè)環(huán)境友好,充分利用自然資源、環(huán)境和生態(tài)破壞環(huán)境的基本不平衡的一座正在建設(shè),但也被稱為可持續(xù)發(fā)展建筑,eco-building,回到野外施工、節(jié)能建筑。 綠色建筑內(nèi)部布局是很合理的,以盡量減少使用合成材料、充分利用太陽、節(jié)約能源為居民創(chuàng)造自然的感覺。 人、建筑與自然環(huán)境和諧發(fā)展的目標(biāo),在利用天然和人工手段來創(chuàng)造了良好的條件及健康生活環(huán)境的前提下,盡可能多地控制和減少使用和破壞自然環(huán)境,充分體現(xiàn)了回歸大自然獲取和平衡。 2 綠色建筑的意義 綠色建筑的基本內(nèi)涵可以概括為:為減少負(fù)載對(duì)環(huán)境的建筑中,節(jié)約能源和資源,提供一個(gè)安全、健康、舒適的居住空間,具有親和力和良好的自然

3、環(huán)境,使人們和建筑與自然環(huán)境和諧共生的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 3 發(fā)展綠色建筑評(píng)級(jí)的意義系統(tǒng) 綠色建筑評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系建立的一場(chǎng)革命,在這一領(lǐng)域的建筑及其啟示,它遠(yuǎn)比節(jié)能技術(shù)。在許多方面,這是創(chuàng)新和有機(jī)合成,從而建筑與自然和諧共處、充分利用資源和能源,創(chuàng)造健康、舒適、優(yōu)美的生活空間。這是該領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)角度的革命性的架構(gòu)。 3.1 技術(shù)意義 　　綠色建筑的研究早期出現(xiàn)的技術(shù)問題,技術(shù)是孤立的和片面的,沒有形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體,一體化的設(shè)計(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的意識(shí)是遠(yuǎn)離唯一的策略的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析階段的子公司的知識(shí)。然而,個(gè)人技術(shù)研究成果的早期現(xiàn)代綠色建筑技術(shù)的多維發(fā)展和系統(tǒng)集成打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。20世紀(jì)90年代

4、以來,隨著逐漸加深理解綠色建筑和成熟,人們放棄他獨(dú)自思考方式過于理想化道德約束和環(huán)境意識(shí)和行為,轉(zhuǎn)向自發(fā)的綠色環(huán)境哲學(xué)探索更多的可操作、環(huán)境和資本結(jié)合成未來世界發(fā)展的新方向的環(huán)保、綠色建筑的生態(tài)倫理思想的輸入結(jié)果從實(shí)踐的深化促進(jìn)生態(tài)研究的新階段。綠色建筑技術(shù)呈現(xiàn)出自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)、人文科學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、信息科學(xué)和其他學(xué)科的研究成果一體化的趨勢(shì),使綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)的多維階段的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究。綠色建筑技術(shù)的深入發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、形態(tài)、材料、設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域,在各類先進(jìn)的技術(shù)開發(fā)、技術(shù)和其他設(shè)計(jì)元素的集成也從過去的簡(jiǎn)單相加,更多地關(guān)注的周邊圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)本身設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)與建筑結(jié)合的整體系統(tǒng)的變化,逐漸成為綠色建筑體系。綠色建筑

5、評(píng)級(jí)系統(tǒng)建立起了綠色建筑技術(shù)逐步改善、系統(tǒng)化的必然結(jié)果,是綠色建筑技術(shù)的有機(jī)結(jié)合,一個(gè)平臺(tái)建造綠色建筑技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和許多其他的學(xué)科可以統(tǒng)一平臺(tái)在他們各自的角色,建立了綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的基礎(chǔ)上,為設(shè)計(jì)師、規(guī)劃師、工程師和管理者提供一個(gè)比以往任何時(shí)候都更簡(jiǎn)單,規(guī)章明確的綠色建筑評(píng)估。 3.2 社會(huì)意義 綠色建筑評(píng)級(jí)制度反映了社會(huì)意義的主要倡導(dǎo)者的新的生活方式,增加了知識(shí)和公眾參與當(dāng)?shù)匚幕难永m(xù)的兩個(gè)方面。 提倡健康的生活方式。綠色建筑評(píng)級(jí)制度,對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的意義主要倡導(dǎo)健康的生活方式,它是基于設(shè)計(jì)、施工的綠色建筑作為社區(qū)教育的過程。原則的綠色建筑評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的有效利用資源和生態(tài)的

6、規(guī)則可循,基于健康的建筑空間創(chuàng)造和保持可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在過去的概念來糾正人們的誤解,消費(fèi)者的生活方式,不能一味追求物質(zhì)奢侈,但是應(yīng)該保持環(huán)境的可持續(xù)利用的前提下追求生活的舒適。謙虛從建設(shè)的基本條件,是為了滿足人類的需要建立人民的物質(zhì)資料和生活方式、文化意識(shí)名字是不能持久的價(jià)值時(shí),綠色建筑本身將會(huì)減輕,但只有一個(gè)真正的社會(huì)時(shí)需要可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求和生活方式符合綠色建筑取得最好的結(jié)果。 提高公眾參與意識(shí)。綠色建筑評(píng)級(jí)制度不是壟斷為設(shè)計(jì)人員所專業(yè)的工具,但是規(guī)劃師,設(shè)計(jì)師,工程師,經(jīng)理,發(fā)展商、,共同擁有的公共和其他的評(píng)估工具。它打破了先前的專業(yè)化發(fā)展壟斷企業(yè),鼓勵(lì)了公眾的參與和其他的政府官員的欺壓。通

7、過引入公眾參與、及其他建筑使用者的建筑師、建設(shè)對(duì)話參與者,使得原有設(shè)計(jì)過程主要由建筑師越來越開放。證明了各種各樣的視圖的介入和良好的幫助來創(chuàng)建一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的文化,體現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平的社區(qū)。 3.3 經(jīng)濟(jì)意義 　　綠色建筑評(píng)級(jí)制度,經(jīng)濟(jì)意義可分為宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)層面。從宏觀層面上,綠色建筑評(píng)級(jí)系統(tǒng)的生命周期的角度,從系統(tǒng)的綠色環(huán)保建筑的設(shè)計(jì)融入經(jīng)濟(jì)議題涉及生產(chǎn)從建筑材料、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、運(yùn)營(yíng)、資源使用、廢棄物排放、廢物循環(huán)利用的自然資源的拆除,直到整個(gè)過程。經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的綠色建筑已不再局限于設(shè)計(jì)過程本身,而政策一直延伸到設(shè)計(jì)的狹小的作用,來支持政策層面上,包括建立“綠色標(biāo)簽”制度,提高施工環(huán)境審計(jì)和管理體制,加

8、大和實(shí)施能源消耗,污染物排放稅和其他行為的努力,提高環(huán)境保護(hù)的法律制度,從增加政府建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)性經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持和提高商品的成本,不污染環(huán)境的建設(shè)起到了成本,為綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)良好的外部環(huán)境。這一目標(biāo)是不完全的責(zé)任的政府機(jī)構(gòu),作為建筑師參與設(shè)計(jì)工作是一個(gè)聲音的義務(wù)責(zé)任制度的建議,因?yàn)橹挥凶顚?shí)踐需要的是真實(shí)的而且迫在眉睫。在相關(guān)的政策議題在綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)策略、建筑系統(tǒng)解決的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題面臨的重要方面。在微觀層面上,當(dāng)前從經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度設(shè)計(jì)策略是更為充分考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)的項(xiàng)目運(yùn)作,并確定了具體的設(shè)計(jì)策略和相應(yīng)調(diào)整。 3.4 倫理意義 　　綠色建筑評(píng)級(jí)制度,其理論基礎(chǔ)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念,因此,是否每個(gè)國(guó)

9、家的評(píng)價(jià)體系在結(jié)構(gòu)上有多大的不同,他們都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn):減輕負(fù)擔(dān)的生態(tài)環(huán)境,提高施工質(zhì)量環(huán)境,為未來幾代人的發(fā)展,仍有足夠的空間。這從根本上改變?nèi)祟惖淖匀痪坝^,突然盲目的態(tài)度,反映著人們的關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)人與自然之間的反對(duì)黨統(tǒng)一的變化。根據(jù)當(dāng)前的全球能源儲(chǔ)備和資源分布、地球上的自然環(huán)境也是遠(yuǎn)離邊緣的疲憊,足夠的人享受的奢侈生活現(xiàn)代材料。但是現(xiàn)在我們必須消耗資源,這意味著將來的人會(huì)更少的生活空間。更重要的是,如果我們吃了自然環(huán)境超過可限制自強(qiáng),那么未來的年輕一代正在面臨著地球的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不能收回的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成為一個(gè)真正的危機(jī)。因此我們可以說,綠色建筑的發(fā)展及其相應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)體系,是為了更多的當(dāng)代人們的責(zé)任和義務(wù)；為

10、更多的利益和未來世代的發(fā)展利益。 4 綠色建筑的設(shè)計(jì) 節(jié)能:充分利用太陽能、使用節(jié)能建筑的信封和暖氣和空調(diào)、減少暖氣和空調(diào)的使用。按設(shè)定的原則,自然通風(fēng)冷卻系統(tǒng),允許高效地利用建筑對(duì)主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向在夏天，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)形式和總體布局適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件。 節(jié)約資源:在建筑設(shè)計(jì)、施工和選擇的建筑材料,被認(rèn)為是合理使用和處理的資源。減少使用的資源,力求利用可再生資源。節(jié)約水資源,包括水土保持和綠化。 回歸自然:綠色建筑外觀強(qiáng)調(diào)與周圍環(huán)境、和諧、運(yùn)動(dòng)的整合,與自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)是相輔相成的。 5 綠色建筑的效果 5.1 綠色建筑的效果 綠色建筑的影響包括內(nèi)部和外部的影響效應(yīng),直接的好處和直接成本作為

11、內(nèi)部的效果,如大家知道的間接利益和間接成本的外部效應(yīng),根據(jù)工程經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度來看:內(nèi)部效果得到財(cái)務(wù)評(píng)價(jià)、外部效果要經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)、經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)是基于所謂的稀缺資源的合理配置和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則,從整體的角度,研究國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的項(xiàng)目支出的社會(huì)資源和貢獻(xiàn)給社會(huì)帶來的評(píng)估項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性,通常包括行業(yè)外部效應(yīng)的影響,環(huán)境與生態(tài)的影響、技術(shù)擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)、外部效應(yīng)將導(dǎo)致私人成本(內(nèi)部成本或間接成本和社會(huì)成本的不一致)的實(shí)際價(jià)格,導(dǎo)致不同于最優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格。從可持續(xù)發(fā)展的視角,綠色建筑評(píng)價(jià)效果的主要指標(biāo)是外部性效果。 自始自終的發(fā)展綠色建筑的統(tǒng)一的量化指標(biāo)體系還沒有建立起來,我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該從以下幾個(gè)方面應(yīng)分析: (1)嚴(yán)格

12、控制建筑行業(yè)、規(guī)模、限制員工數(shù)量。粗放型的增長(zhǎng)模型的斗爭(zhēng),集中建設(shè)方案,施工過程中利用人類的波的戰(zhàn)術(shù),一旦國(guó)家限定公司經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模的建筑,甚至?xí)纬伞斑m當(dāng)”,這也不會(huì)降低機(jī)械化程度、勞動(dòng)、較低的水平。 (2)更多投資于技術(shù),更新技術(shù),建立和完善機(jī)制,科學(xué)、技術(shù)設(shè)備。把注意力集中在建筑技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用,結(jié)合工程的特點(diǎn),今后的建設(shè),有計(jì)劃的科學(xué)技術(shù)研究開發(fā)的新機(jī)器、新工藝、新材料,積極引進(jìn)、吸收國(guó)內(nèi)外同行業(yè)先進(jìn)的科技成果的科學(xué)和技術(shù),提高水平的機(jī)械化。 (3)在城市規(guī)劃、勘察、設(shè)計(jì)通過“綠色建筑”的想法。家庭住房和城市建設(shè)或者變更必須呆在房間里,從照明、通風(fēng)、排水等控制對(duì)環(huán)境的損害。 (4)建設(shè)

13、工作中減少資源消耗、生產(chǎn)過程,對(duì)施工過程中應(yīng)采取節(jié)能措施,以防止過度消耗土地資源、水資源、電力資源。 5.2 綠色建筑應(yīng)對(duì)建筑經(jīng)濟(jì)的挑戰(zhàn) 受政府控制的干預(yù),在一定程度上對(duì)有效的資源配置,加強(qiáng)節(jié)能強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施對(duì)工程建設(shè)監(jiān)理。要進(jìn)一步提高建筑能源監(jiān)測(cè)體系,加強(qiáng)建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的強(qiáng)制為了落實(shí)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施為主要內(nèi)容的整個(gè)過程的監(jiān)控,特別是對(duì)于大型公共建筑,提高建筑能源監(jiān)管,體現(xiàn)在工程造價(jià)方面的外部成本成為內(nèi)部成本,使"非綠色建設(shè)”項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)部成本,內(nèi)部效率和減少外部成本的綠色建筑,外部效率的提高,以便有效的使經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的合理流動(dòng)的綠色建筑。 在新經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代企業(yè)架構(gòu)來獲得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),提高外部效果只有不斷開發(fā)的

14、方法和手段,提高效率,降低成本外,外部的基本思想和原則: (1)建設(shè)對(duì)自然資源的生命周期和能源消耗最小; (2)減少建造生命周期的排放量; (3)保護(hù)生態(tài)(天然)環(huán)境; (4)形成一種健康、舒適、安全的室內(nèi)空間; (5)建筑的施工質(zhì)量、功能、性能和環(huán)境的統(tǒng)一。 6 總結(jié)： 上面所描述的是綠色建筑的設(shè)計(jì)與分析其有效性和提高綠色建筑的外部效應(yīng)的措施。但如何設(shè)計(jì)綠色建筑的未來需要某種程度的實(shí)踐來讓我們?cè)噲D理解,我相信綠色建筑將成為未來建設(shè)的一種趨勢(shì)。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 賀珉 朱華威. 綠色建筑與建筑節(jié)能[M].浙江建筑出版社 2009年第10期. [2] 張綾軍 湯猛.綠色建

15、筑[M].中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社.1998年5月第一版. Green Building (University of Texas School of green building Dax 114200) Abstract: Green building refers to do its best to maximize conservation of resources (energy, land, water, and wood)，protecting the environment and reduce pollut

16、ion in its life cycle. Provide people with healthy, appropriate and efficient use of space, and nature in harmony symbiosis buildings. I described more details of green building design’ notion, green building’ design, as well as the significance of the concept of green building and improve the effec

17、tiveness analysis of the external effects of green building measures. Key words: green buildings protect the ecology signification analysing the effects 1 What is a green building Green building refers to building life cycle, the maximum conservation of resources (energy, land, water and

18、 materials), protecting the environment and reduce pollution, provide people with health, application and efficient use of space, and nature harmony of the building. The so-called green building "green" does not mean a general sense of three-dimensional green, roof garden, but represents a concept

19、 or symbol, refers to building environmentally friendly, make full use of natural resources, environment and basic ecological damage to the environment without balance of a building under construction, but also known as sustainable building, eco-building, back into the wild construction, energy savi

20、ng construction. Green building interior layout is very reasonable, to minimize the use of synthetic materials, full use of the sun, saving energy for the residents Chuangzao almost-natural feeling. People, architecture and the natural environment for the harmonious development goals, in

21、 the use of natural and artificial means to create good conditions and healthy living environment, as much as possible to control and reduce the use and destruction of the natural environment, to fully reflect the nature obtain and return balance. 2 the meaning of green building The basic conno

22、tation of green building can be summarized as: to reduce the load on the environment architecture, which save energy and resources; provide a safe, healthy, comfortable living space with good; affinity with the natural environment, so that people and building a harmonious coexistence with the enviro

23、nment and sustainable development. 3 Development of the significance of green building rating system Establish green building rating system is a revolution in the field of architecture and the Enlightenment, its far more than energy savings. It is innovative in many ways and organic synthesis,

24、thereby building in harmony with nature, full utilization of resources and energy, create healthy, comfortable and beautiful living space. Its revolutionary for the field of architecture from the technical, social and economic angles. 3.1 Technical Significance Green building study of early tec

25、hnical problems of individual-based, technology is isolated and one-sided, not formed an organic whole, the integration of design and economic study of consciousness is far from the only strategy of economic analysis phase of the subsidiarys knowledge . However, individual technical research results

26、 of early modern green building techniques for the multi-dimensional development and systems integration will lay a solid foundation. Since the nineties of the 20th century, with the understanding of green building gradually deepen and mature, people give up way too utopian thinking He alone environ

27、mental consciousness and moral constraints and spontaneous green behavior, turned to explore more workable environmental philosophy, environmental and capital combined into the future world the new direction of development of environmental protection, green building has entered a result of ecologica

28、l ethics from the practice of promoting ecological research to deepen the new stage. Green Building Technology takes on the natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, computer science, information science and other subjects the trend of integration of research results, making green building desi

29、gn into the multi-dimensional stage of development strategy study. The deepening of green building technology strategy and development in materials, equipment, morphology, etc various advanced fields, in technology development, technology and other design elements of the integration is also starting

30、 from the past the simple addition, more attention to the periphery of the retaining structure itself design technology and architecture to combine the overall system change, gradually becoming green building systems. Green building rating system was established green building technologies gradually

31、 improve and systematize the inevitable result, it is the organic integration of green building technology, a platform built to green building technology, information technology, computer technology and many other subjects can be a unified platform in their respective roles, the establishment of a c

32、omprehensive evaluation system for designers, planners, engineers and managers a more than ever, a more simple, Guizhangmingque green building assessment tools and design guidelines. 3.2 The social significance Green building rating system reflects the social significance of the main advocates o

33、f the new way of life, heightened awareness and public participation in the continuation of local culture are two aspects. To promote a healthy lifestyle. Green building rating system, the social significance of the primary advocate a healthy lifestyle, which is based on the design and constru

34、ction of green buildings as a community education process. The principles of green building rating system is the effective use of resources and ecological rules to follow, based on the health of building space to create and maintain sustainable development. The concept of the past to correct peoples

35、 misconceptions about consumer lifestyles, that can not blindly pursue material luxury, but should keep the environment under the premise of sustainable use of modest comfort to pursue life. From the fundamental terms, construction is to meet human needs built up of material goods as peoples Wenhuay

36、ishi Name and lifestyle is not sustainable when, the value of green building itself will be reduced, but only had a real social need When the requirements of sustainable development and way of life that matches the green building to achieve the best results. Enhanced awareness of public partic

37、ipation. Green Building Rating system is not a monopoly for the design staff of professional tools, but for planners, designers, engineers, managers, developers, property owners, jointly owned by the public and other assessment tools. It broke the previous professional development of the monopoly to

38、 encourage the participation of the public and other public officers. Through public participation, the introduction of architects and other building users, the construction of dialogue participants, making the original design process dominated by the architect becomes more open. Proved the involvem

39、ent of various views and a good help to create a dynamic culture, embody social justice community. 3.3 The economic significance Green building rating system, the economic significance can be divided into macro and micro levels. At the macro level, the green building rating system from the syste

40、m life-cycle perspective, the green building design integrated into the economic issues involved in the production from the building materials, design, construction, operation, resource use, waste disposal, recycling of demolition until the natural resources the whole process. Economic consideration

41、s of green building is no longer limited to the design process itself, while the policy extended to the design of the narrow role to play to support the policy level, including the establishment of "green labeling" system, improving the construction environmental audit and management system, increas

42、e and construction-related energy consumption, pollutant emissions and other acts of tax efforts, improve the legal system of environmental protection, from the increase in government construction projects on the sustainability of economic support and raise the cost to the construction of polluting

43、the environment acts as the costs for green buildings design and construction to create a favorable external environment. This goal is not entirely the responsibility of government agencies, as the architects involved in design work as a sound system of responsibility for recommendations obligations

44、, because only the most from the practice of the need is real and urgent. The related policy issues in green building design strategies, building a system to solve the economic problems facing the important aspects. At the micro level, the current from the economic point of Design Strategy is more f

45、ully consider the economic operation of the project, and specific technical strategies accordingly adjusted. 3.4 Ethical Significance Green building rating system, the theoretical basis of the concept of sustainable development, therefore, whether the evaluation system of each country how much

46、difference in structure, they all have one thing in common: reduce the burden of ecological environment, improve construction quality of the environment for future generations to remain the development of there is room. This radically change the long-sought human blindly to the natural attitude, ref

47、lecting peoples understanding of the relationship between man and nature by the opposition to the uniform change. According to the current distribution, the Earths natural environment is also far from the edge of exhaustion, enough people enjoy the luxury of contemporary material life. But now we ha

48、ve to consume a resource, it means that future generations will be less of a living space. More importantly, if we consume the natural environment more than it can limit self-renewal, then the future of the younger generation is facing the planets ecosystems can not recover the risk into a real cris

49、is. Therefore we can say, the development of green buildings and their corresponding evaluation system, for more contemporary people is the responsibility and obligations. For more the interests of future generations and advantages. 4 green building design Saving energy: full use of solar energ

50、y, using energy-efficient building envelope and heating and air conditioning, reducing heating and air conditioning use. Set according to the principle of natural ventilation cooling system that allows efficient use of building to the dominant wind direction in summer. Adapted to local climatic cond

51、itions, building use form and general layout of the plane. Resource conservation: in the building design, construction and selection of construction materials, are considered fair use and disposal of resources. To reduce the use of resources, strive to make the use of renewable resources. Cons

52、erve water resources, including water conservation and greening. Return to Nature: Green Building exterior to emphasize integration with the surrounding environment, harmony, movement complement each other so that the protection of natural ecological environment. 5 Effect of green building 5.

53、1 Effect of the composition of green building Effect of green building, including internal effects and external effects, direct benefits and direct costs as the internal effect, known as the indirect benefits and indirect costs of external effects, according to engineering economics point of view:

54、 the internal effects can be financial evaluation, external effects should be economic evaluation, economic evaluation is based on the so-called rational allocation of scarce resources and socio-economic principles of sustainable development, from the perspective of the overall national economy, stu

55、dy projects spending of social resources and contributions to the community to evaluate the projects economic and reasonable and external effects generally include Industry Effects, environmental and ecological effects, technology diffusion effect, the external effect will cause the private costs (i

56、nternal costs or indirect costs) and social costs inconsistent, leading to the actual price is different from the best price. From the perspective of sustainable development, green building assessment effects of the main indicators of external effects. Since beginning the development of green buil

57、ding, unity of quantitative indicators system is still not established, I believe that the following aspects should be analyzed: (1)strictly control the construction industry, size, limit the number of employees. Extensive growth model epitomized by the struggle over the construction p

58、roject, the construction process using human wave tactics, once the state limit the scale of construction, will form the "adequate", which will not reduce the degree of mechanization, labor, the low level. (2) more investments in technology, upgrade technology, establish and perfect the mechanism

59、for scientific and technical equipment. Focus on the development and application of building technology, combined with the project, the characteristics of future construction, a planned way scientific and technological research and development of new machinery, new processes, new materials, and acti

60、vely introduce, absorb and assimilate the advanced scientific and technological achievements of science and technology to improve the level of mechanization. (3) in urban planning, survey and design through the "green building" ideas. Family housing and urban construction or alteration must remain

61、 in the room, from lighting, ventilation, drainage and so control the damage to the environment. (4) construction work, reduced resource consumption, the production process in construction, energy saving measures should be adopted to prevent the excessive consumption of land resources, water resou

62、rces, power resources. 5.2 External effects of the challenges to building the economy Under the control of the governments intervention, to a certain extent on the efficient allocation of resources to strengthen the implementation of energy conservation mandatory standards for construction super

63、vision. To further improve the building energy monitoring system, and strengthen the mandatory building energy efficiency standards in order to carry out the implementation of the project as the main content of the whole process of monitoring, particularly for large public buildings to enhance the b

64、uilding energy regulation, reflected in the project cost on the part of the Waibu costs into internal costs, making the "non-green building" projects internal costs, internal efficiency and reduce the external costs of green building, the external efficiency increase, so that effective economic reso

65、urces to the rational flow of green building. 6 Improve the external effects of green building measures Enterprise architecture in the new economy to obtain a competitive advantage, improve the external effects only continually tap the ways and means to improve the external efficiency, reduce e

66、xternal costs, the basic ideas and principles: (1) Construction of natural resources in the life cycle and minimize energy consumption; (2) reducing building life cycle emissions; (3) protect the ecological (natural) environment; (4) to form a healthy, comfortable and safe indoor space; (5) the quality of construction, functionality, performance and environmental unity. 7 Summary described above, the meaning of green building design and analysis of its effectiveness and im