2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 2 Poems達(dá)標(biāo)鞏固練（含解析）新人教版選修6.doc

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Poems 一、閱讀理解。 Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the worlds oceans.A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish.And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem.“Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom，and that that remains on the surface actually breaks down.” The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres，the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic，Indian，and Pacific Oceans，home of what some have called a plastic island.“What we found in the center of the Pacific was not a floating island of plastic.What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water.And in some parts of the oceans，scientists have found more plastic than plant.” The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants.“There are heavy metals，medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets(磁鐵)．These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic，and then when seafood absorbs the plastics，those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues.”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last. China，Indonesia，the Philippines，Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters.The United States，although a leader in recycling，is one of the worlds 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic.There are efforts around the world to address the problem，including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩)．But Andersen says there is more that people can do.“Cut back on singleuse plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.”She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival. 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．Theres an island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific. B．The bad effect of plastic pollution cant be seen by eyes. C．The United States is the least plastic polluters. D．The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see. 2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines. B．The plastic particles. C．Seafood. D．Fatty tissues. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution. B．The plastic problem hasnt attracted the worlds attention. C．Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem. D．People should stop using plastic products immediately. 4．Which may be the title of the passage? A．Plastic pollution in the World B．Plastic pollution—Oceans Disaster C．Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans D．Plastic pollution and our health 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了塑料垃圾對(duì)海洋的嚴(yán)重破壞。 長(zhǎng)難句分析：The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants.(第三段第一句) 分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。where引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞microscopic level。 譯文：塑料垃圾碎片會(huì)影響食物鏈，這種影響有時(shí)明顯，但更多的還是反映在微觀層面上，塑料微粒在這個(gè)層面上與其他污染物相互作用。 詞匯積累：disaster n．災(zāi)難　document v．記載　poisonous adj.有毒的　substance n．物質(zhì)　tissue n．組織 1．D　考查推理判斷?！?..what we see is just the tip of the problem.“Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom，and that that remains on the surface actually breaks down.”(第一段最后兩句) 譯文：……我們所看到的只是問(wèn)題的一小部分?！皩?shí)際上有一半的垃圾都沉入了海底，另一些殘留在表面上的實(shí)際上已經(jīng)分解掉了?！? 解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推斷出，海洋中的塑料垃圾遠(yuǎn)比我們看到的要嚴(yán)重得多。根據(jù)第二段第二句“What we found in the center of the Pacific was not a floating island of plastic.”可知，A項(xiàng)與原文不符；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，B項(xiàng)與原文不符；根據(jù)最后一段第二句中的“one of the worlds 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic”可知，C項(xiàng)與原文不符。故選D。 2．B　考查指代判斷。These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics，those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues.(第三段第三句) 譯文：這些有毒物質(zhì)會(huì)吸附在塑料上，然后當(dāng)海鮮吸收這些塑料時(shí)，有毒物質(zhì)就會(huì)進(jìn)入它們的脂肪組織。 解題思路：根據(jù)畫線詞上句中的“the plastic particles interact with other pollutants”可知，塑料顆?？膳c其他污染物相互作用；結(jié)合關(guān)鍵句可知，此處應(yīng)指塑料顆粒就像磁鐵一樣，可以將毒素吸附到自己身上，然后帶入海鮮體內(nèi)。由此可推知，it指代上文中的“the plastic particles”，故選B。 3．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。But Andersen says there is more that people can do.“Cut back on singleuse plastics，straws，plastic cups, plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.”(最后一段第四、五句) 譯文：但是Andersen稱，人們能做的不僅僅是這些?！皽p少一次性塑料、吸管、塑料杯、塑料水瓶和塑料袋的使用，并找到諸如可再用材料之類的替代品?！? 解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推斷出，Andersen對(duì)目前人們?yōu)榻鉀Q塑料問(wèn)題所做的努力并不滿意，她認(rèn)為人們可以做得更多。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，并非所有的亞洲國(guó)家都有嚴(yán)重的塑料污染，所以A項(xiàng)與原文不符；根據(jù)最后一段第三句可知，如今全世界都在努力解決這一問(wèn)題，所以B項(xiàng)與原文不符；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句中的“cut back”可知，D項(xiàng)與原文不符。故選C。 4．B　考查標(biāo)題概括。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了塑料污染對(duì)海洋的嚴(yán)重破壞。B項(xiàng)概括了文章主旨，最適合做標(biāo)題。故選B。 二、語(yǔ)法填空。 Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This myth holds __1__ certain appeal because if it __2__ (be) true, then we could instantly bee ten times __3__ (intelligent) just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain! The idea that we use only a small fraction of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists __4__ (stimulate) a specific part of the brain, the animal moved __5__ (it) leg or tail. And some scientists assumed that large parts of the brain were simply useless. Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain regions of the brain had no physical effects, which __6__ (call) the “silent cortex”. Today we know that much of the “silent cortex” is actually devoted to plex activities like language, learning and imagining. Actually, __7__ we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity? __8__ (interest) enough, the opposite is probably true. The less brain activity you need to perform a __9__ (give) task, the more the brain as a whole is capable __10__ doing. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　 5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　 9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。我們?nèi)祟愔皇褂昧舜竽X的百分之十？是否激活沉睡的大部分大腦我們就可以比現(xiàn)在聰明十倍？很遺憾，科學(xué)證明事實(shí)并不是這樣的！ 1．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。hold a certain appeal “有一些吸引力”。 2．were　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)空格后的“then we could instantly bee ...”可知，此處是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故此處用were。 3．more intelligent　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。由設(shè)空前的“ten times”可知，此處表示比較，指(比以前)聰明十倍，應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級(jí)，而intelligent是多音節(jié)形容詞，故填more intelligent。 4．stimulated　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本句描述19世紀(jì)科學(xué)家所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 5．its　考查代詞。這里its指代the animals。 6．a(chǎn)re called　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which在從句中指代regions，此處描述一種研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，且call與regions是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填are called。 7．a(chǎn)s/when　考查連詞。這句話的意思是“事實(shí)上，當(dāng)我們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，大腦的很多區(qū)域都是極度活躍的”。 8．Interestingly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處修飾后面的整個(gè)句子，因此此處要用副詞Interestingly。 9．given　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處given作定語(yǔ)修飾task，由于give與task之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 10．of　考查介詞。be capable of doing sth. “有能力做某事”。 三、完形填空。 I was driving to the grocery store on a warm morning in May.I smiled as I watched the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves.It was such a __2__ and heavenly time. My calm was broken，__3__，as I rounded a curve(拐彎處)．A huge UHaul truck was ing my way several feet over the center line.I swerved as far onto the side of the road as I could to __4__ it.It was followed by not one but two other UHaul trucks just as __5__.I wondered if all the stuff inside of them __6__ the same person.I slowed down my car and waited for my heart rate to __7__.It was then that I __8__ a selfstorage business along the side of the highway，building new units for all the people who couldnt fit their __9__ into their houses.I saw a(n)__10__ couple carrying boxes into one of the units.It seemed __11__ that a couple just out of their teens could already have too much stuff. I lost my own __12__ for owning stuff when a house fire in the middle of the night destroyed everything my family owned.The only thing I had left was the underwear I was wearing.Yet，our whole family had awakened __13__ to escape.In the weeks that followed friends and family gave us a lot of stuff to get us back on our feet，but none of it seemed as __14__ any more.What was important was seeing Moms smile，giving Nana a hug and a kiss，and watching Dad snooze(打盹) in his chair __15__ a hard days work.What was important was the stuff of __16__，not the stuff of this world.Since then I have tried to limit the things I would __17__.I didnt want too much stuff to __18__ my life.I wanted to only buy what I needed and to spend my days in learning，growing，and __19__ my family and others. I assumed that only by doing so could I make my __20__. 1．A.appreciating　　　B．reflecting C．a(chǎn)dmiring D．releasing 2．A.refreshing B．delightful C．peaceful D．dynamic 3．A.though B．too C．a(chǎn)nyway D．instead 4．A.miss B．reject C．ignore D．desert 5．A.useful B．large C．new D．good 6．A.turned to B．referred to C．reacted to D．belonged to 7．A.beat B．pulse C．a(chǎn)ccelerate D．follow 8．A.noticed B．thought C．did D．established 9．A.furniture B．boxes C．possessions D．materials 10．A.old B．young C．middleaged D．small 11．A.curious B．a(chǎn)pparent C．certain D．obvious 12．A.hope B．talent C．faith D．taste 13．A.in return B．in turn C．in time D．in vain 14．A.affordable B．significant C．beneficial D．practical 15．A.before B．in C．a(chǎn)fter D．during 16．A.mind B．hand C．head D．soul 17．A.purchase B．donate C．waste D．need 18．A.put up B．crowd up C．bring up D．set up 19．A.helping B．a(chǎn)busing C．loving D．a(chǎn)ffecting 20．A.name B．day C．world D．way 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過(guò)講述駕車途中的所見(jiàn)所感，并聯(lián)想到自己家中曾經(jīng)的火災(zāi)事件對(duì)他自身觀念的影響，由此闡述了自己的感受：世上最重要的東西不是物質(zhì)占有量，而在于精神世界的豐富，只有這樣人才能感到快樂(lè)。 1．B　根據(jù)“the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves”可知，此處意為“樹葉反射出金色的陽(yáng)光”。reflect“反射”符合語(yǔ)境。appreciate“感激，欣賞”；admire“欽佩，贊賞”；release“釋放，發(fā)行”。 2．C　根據(jù)空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心情是平靜愉快的，故peaceful符合語(yǔ)境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的”；delightful“討人喜歡的，令人愉快的”；peaceful“平靜的，寧?kù)o的”；dynamic“動(dòng)力的，有活力的”。 3．A　根據(jù)空前的“My calm was broken”可知，空處所在句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故though“可是，不過(guò)”符合語(yǔ)境。too“太，也”；anyway“不管怎樣，無(wú)論如何”；instead“相反”。 4．A　根據(jù)空前一句中的“truck was ing my way several feet over the center line”可知，作者盡量把車子往路邊開來(lái)躲開卡車。miss“避開，躲開(不好或討厭的事)”；reject“排斥，丟掉”；ignore“忽視，不理睬”；desert“遺棄，丟棄”。 5．B　根據(jù)上文可知，一輛卡車越過(guò)了中心線幾英尺向作者的方向駛來(lái)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這輛大卡車后還跟著另外兩輛同樣大的(large)卡車，故選B。 6．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者不知道三輛卡車上的東西是否屬于(belonged to)同一個(gè)人。belong to“屬于”；turn to“轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于”；refer to“參考，提到”；react to“對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)”。 7．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者放慢車速來(lái)平靜心情調(diào)整心率。故follow“跟隨，追趕”符合語(yǔ)境。beat“打敗，拍打”；pulse“跳動(dòng)，搏動(dòng)”；accelerate“加速，增加”。 8．A　該句中的It was then that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，意思是“就在那時(shí)”。作者在平靜心情時(shí)注意到路旁的一個(gè)自助存儲(chǔ)公司。notice“注意到”；establish“建立，創(chuàng)辦”。 9．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這些設(shè)備是為那些無(wú)法把所有物(possessions)存儲(chǔ)到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，財(cái)產(chǎn)”符合語(yǔ)境。furniture“家具，設(shè)備”；material“材料”。 10．B　根據(jù)空后一句中的“a couple just out of their teens”可知，此處young“年輕的”符合語(yǔ)境。middleaged“中年的”。 11．A　根據(jù)該句中的“could already have too much stuff(可能已經(jīng)擁有太多的東西)”可知，作者對(duì)此感到奇怪，故curious“稀奇古怪的”符合語(yǔ)境。apparent“顯然的，表面上的”；certain“必然的，有把握的”；obvious“明顯的，顯然的”。 12．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，夜半時(shí)分一場(chǎng)大火燒毀了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有擁有(很多)東西的興趣(taste)。taste“愛(ài)好，興趣”符合語(yǔ)境。hope“希望”； talent“才能，天資”；faith“信仰，信念”。 13．C　根據(jù)空前的“had awakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及時(shí)(in time)醒來(lái)逃了出去。in return“作為回報(bào)”；in turn“反過(guò)來(lái)，輪流”；in vain“徒勞”。 14．B　根據(jù)空后的“What was important was”和空前的“none of it”可知，空處所填詞與important意思相同，故significant“重要的，有意義的”符合語(yǔ)境。affordable“買得起的”；beneficial“有益的”；practical“實(shí)用的”。 15．C　根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，父親打盹應(yīng)該是在一天的艱辛工作之后(after)。 16．D　根據(jù)空前的“What was important was the stuff of”及空后的“not the stuff of this world”可知，空處所填詞與“this world”形成對(duì)比，再結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為精神世界的豐富更為重要。soul“(人類整體的)精神狀況”符合語(yǔ)境。mind“頭腦，智力”。 17．A　根據(jù)上文中的“not the stuff of this world”可知，作者從此努力限制自己購(gòu)買(purchase)東西的數(shù)量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故選A。donate“捐贈(zèng)”；waste“浪費(fèi)”；need“需要”。 18．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示作者不想讓太多的物品充斥自己的生活。故crowd up符合語(yǔ)境。put up“張貼，搭建”；bring up“撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育，提出”；set up“建立”。 19．C　根據(jù)空后的“my family and others”可以推斷此處意為“愛(ài)我的家人和他人”，故選C。abuse“濫用”；affect“影響”。 20．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示只有這樣做作者才能開心。make sb.s day為固定用法，意為“使某人非常高興”。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 Dear Steven， I would like to invite you to the annually ingofage Ceremony of our school. This big event would be held in the school auditorium from 9 am to 11 am in March 12. All the Senior Three students are expect to attend it with the pany of their parents and teachers. The ingofage Ceremony is really a good chance for we students to express our gratitude to our beloved parents as well our patient teachers. Meanwhile, it will turn a new page in our life, that means we have grown up and it is time we shoulder more responsibilities for the family and society. Id appreciate it if you could e and share with the unforgettable moment with us. Im looking forward to your arrive! Yours， Li Hua 答案： Dear Steven， I would like to invite you to the ingofage Ceremony of our school. This big event be held in the school auditorium from 9 am to 11 am March 12. All the Senior Three students are to attend it with the pany of their parents and teachers. The ingofage Ceremony is really a good chance for students to express our gratitude to our beloved parents as well our patient teachers. Meanwhile, it will turn a new page in our life, means we have grown up and it is time we more responsibilities for the family and society. Id appreciate it if you could e and share the unforgettable moment with us. Im looking forward to your ! Yours， Li Hua 難項(xiàng)分析： 第四處：expect→expected　考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。expect與Senior Three students之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故把expect改為expected。 第七處：that→which　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且引導(dǎo)詞指代主句整體內(nèi)容，故只能用which。 第八處：shoulder前加should或者shoulder→shouldered　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！癐t is (high) time that＋從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，且should不可省略。 五、七選五。