2019高考英語 閱讀理解專題選編（12）（含解析）.doc

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2019高考英語閱讀理解專題選編（12） A In 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up. Jean’s father was a crop dusting pilot in the little farming munity in Northern California where she was raised, and Jean was very interested in airplanes and flying. She poured her heart into her report and included all of her dreams. She wanted to be a crop dusting pilot, make parachute jumps(跳傘), and be an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an "F" on it. The teacher told her it was a "fairy tale" and that none of the occupations she listed were women’s jobs. Jean was devastated and humiliated. One day in her senior year of high school, her English teacher Mrs Dorothy Slaton gave the class an assignment. "If you had unlimited money, unlimited access to the finest schools, and unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do?" Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down all her old dreams. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, "You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you don’t go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough." The hurt and fear of years of discouragement went away because of what Mrs Slaton had said. Jean felt excited and a little scared. She stayed after class and went up to the teacher’s desk. Jean thanked Mrs Slaton and told her about her dream of being a pilot. Mrs Slaton half rose and slapped the desk top. "Then do it!" she said. So Jean did. It didn’t happen overnight. It took her 10 years of hard work. It wasn’t in Jean’s nature to stand up for herself when someone refused or humiliated her. Instead, she would quietly try to find another way. She became a private pilot and then flew planes as a co-pilot (副駕駛員). In 1978, she became one of the first three female pilot trainees ever accepted by United Airlines and one of the only 50 women airline pilots in the nation at that time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain for United Airlines. 1.When Jean Harper was in the third grade, _________. A.it was mon for women to be airline pilots B. her father advised her to be a pilot like him in the future C. she was unsure about what she wanted to be when she grew up D. she was deeply hurt by her teacher’s ment on her dreams 2.What was Mrs Slaton’s reaction when she learned about Jean Harper’s dream? A. Encouraging Jean to do what she wanted to. B. Offering Jean as much help as she could. C. Persuading Jean to give up her dream. D. Making Jean aware of all the possible difficulties. 3.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. How Jean Harper achieved her flying dream. B. Jean Harper’s great achievements in flying. C. The hardships Jean Harper experienced when trying to be a pilot. D. Jean Harper’s determination to pursue her dream. 4.What gave Jean Harper enough strength and faith to pursue her dream? A. Her father’s influence on her. B. Mrs Slaton’s support. C. Her decision to stand up for herself. D.A teacher’s humiliation when she was in the third grade. 【文章大意】本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了Jean Harper如何在英語老師的鼓勵下，實現(xiàn)了當(dāng)一名飛行員的夢想。 1.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Jean was devastated and humiliated"和第四段中的"The hurt and fear of years of discouragement"可知答案為D。 3.B 【解析】段落大意題。最后一段主要講述了Jean Harper在飛行方面的成就，所以答案為B。 4.B 【解析】推理判斷題。文中提到的Jean Harper的兩位老師，一位打擊她的夢想，讓她幾乎對此喪失信心；另一位老師給她無限的信心，讓她相信自己，堅持追尋夢想，所以答案為B。 B (2015遼寧五校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考) As globalization continues to make the world a smaller place，and goods bee more accessible across borders，concerns about food safety in the AsiaPacific region have steadily risen over the years.An APEC forum is being held in Beijing，to find ways to better address the problem. 156 participants from 19 APEC economies and 4 nonAPEC members attended the APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum，which has been actively looking for ways to strengthen food safety standard in the region，without affecting trade. “As consumers are faced with more varieties of food，the potential food safety risk also bees bigger.This forum has helped APEC economies to cooperate in supervision (監(jiān)督)，exchange information，and improve the overall food safety standard in the AsiaPacific region，” said director of China’s General Administration of Quality Supervision Wu Qinghai. For the first time the forum has brought together highlevel regulators，academics，and industry stakeholders to talk about their respective roles in safety supervision.They say governments alone cannot shoulder this heavy duty. In China，the continuous food safety problems have greatly hurt consumers’confidence in domestic products；therefore more turned to imports.However，problems related to quality of those imported goods also began to show.In July this year，more than 400 batches (批) of food imported from 35 countries and regions were found substandard by the country’s top quality supervisor. Governments and industries have been brought closer by this forum.As food moves more freely beyond borders，this forum is hoped to promote safety control cooperation，so APEC members can better benefit from the economic integration(經(jīng)濟一體化)． 1．What kind of function can the forum play? A．It has greatly influenced the economy in the area. B．It has long been able to put every side’s efforts together. C．It helps to bring government regulators and industries together. D．It has found ways to deal with safety problems. 2．The last but one paragraph tells us that ________． A．the Chinese customers are more satisfied with their food safety B．food imported from other countries is indeed high in quality C．many Chinese customers would rather buy some foreign food D．there are only 35 countries and regions exporting food to China 3．The underlined word “address” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “________”． A．send a letter about B．deal with C．deliver a speech on D．call off 4．According to the article，which of the following statements is WRONG? A．People can buy foreign food more easily than ever. B．The more varieties of food，the bigger the potential food safety risk. C．Food safety problems have appeared many times before this forum. D．Governments have started their cooperation with academies and industries before this forum. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　通過APEC論壇，各國之間將更加密切地合作，食品安全問題將得到更有效的監(jiān)管和處理，各成員國都會從中受益。 1．解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“the forum has brought together highlevel regulators，academics，and industry stakeholders to talk about their respective roles in safety supervision”可知，應(yīng)選C項。 2．解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“the continuous food safety problems have greatly hurt consumers’confidence in domestic products；therefore more turned to imports.However，problems related to quality of those imported goods also began to show”可知，連續(xù)的國內(nèi)食品安全問題傷害了消費者的信心，他們更加愿意買進口產(chǎn)品，但是進口食品的質(zhì)量問題也開始顯現(xiàn)，即C項正確，A、B項錯誤；文中第五段的最后一句表示來自35個國家和地區(qū)的超過400批次的進口食品不達標而非只有35個國家和地區(qū)向中國出口食品，故D項錯誤。 3．解析：選B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)全文大意可知，各國通過APEC論壇加強合作，積極尋求更好的方法來解決食品安全問題。由此可推知，B項“處理，解決”與address含義相近。 4．解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“and goods bee more accessible across borders，concerns about food safety in the AsiaPacific region have steadily risen over the years”可知，A、C項表述正確；根據(jù)第三段中的“As consumers are faced with more varieties of food，the potential food safety risk also bees bigger.”可知，B項表述正確，D項與第四段的第一句不符，故選D項。 C 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with puters. Brain-puter interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send mands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. “our brain has billions of nerve ceils. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to municate with external world and also to control devices.” The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a puter. The puter interprets the signals and mands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the puter react to mands from the brain. Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the puter software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple mands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: munication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.” He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit front. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time. 1.BCI is a technology that can A. help to update puter systems B. link the human brain with puters C. help the disabled to recover D. control a persons thoughts 2. How" did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine. C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind. 3. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? A. scalp → puter →cap →wheelchair B. puter →cap →scalp →wheelchair C. scalp →cap →puter →wheelchair D. cap → pute →scalp →wheelchair 4. The team will test with real patients to A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to them C. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries 【文章大意】科普說明文。本文介紹了BCI腦機接口技術(shù)，它是幫助殘疾人向機器輸送指令。 【參考方案】1---5、BDCBC 鍵詞應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在標題中，選B。 D (2015沈陽質(zhì)量檢測一) When Shakespeare was twentyone，he went to London，a very interesting place，to try his fortune. There was the famous London Bridge and St.Paul’s Cathedral，and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops. Then，too，there were the daily crowds where could be seen people from all over the world.Knights，scholars and highwaymen (攔路強盜) or thieves who had been infamous for their clever robberies，passed by each other. Here，also，were noblemen dressed in gold，from Italy，Spain and France；slaves from Spanish America，sea captains and ministers，soldiers and servants—all held by chances or interests within the gray walls which circled London，and whose gates gave wele to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world. Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare，quick to see and eager to learn.And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own town’s residents.Each one told its story to him so plainly that，as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods，so now he learned men and men’s interests that make up the great world. And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays，he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since；for it is the use of this knowledge of the world，bined with his own genius，that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived. 1．What was London like in Shakespeare’s eyes when he first went there? A．Dirty and small. B．Strange and interesting. C．Infamous and terrible. D．Familiar and modern. 2．Which of the following best describes Shakespeare? A．Shakespeare got inspiration to write from his hometown, London. B．Shakespeare was eager to make friends with the noblemen in London. C．Shakespeare was good at observing and learning from the daily life. D．Shakespeare became the greatest dramatist owing to his own genius. 3．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．Crowd.　　　　　　　 B．Sight. C．Face. D．Resident. 4．The passage probably es from________． A．a(chǎn) poster B．a(chǎn) textbook C．a(chǎn)n advertisement D．a(chǎn)n announcement 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦后的經(jīng)歷，他很快適應(yīng)了那里的生活，并把自己所觀察到的事情融入自己的創(chuàng)作中。 1．解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a very interesting place”和第五段中的“all these strange sights”可知，在Shakespeare的眼中，倫敦是一個有趣而陌生的城市，即B項正確。 2．解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，Shakespeare來到倫敦不久之后，通過觀察和學(xué)習(xí)了解了倫敦，并適應(yīng)了那里的生活，由此可推斷出，Shakespeare擅長觀察日常生活并從中學(xué)習(xí)，故C項正確。 3．解析：選B。詞義猜測題。畫線詞后的“as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods”的意思為“正如他以前所學(xué)到的田野和樹林的秘密那樣”，根據(jù)這句話可知，one指的是像田野和樹林一樣的景象，故B項正確。 4．解析：選B。推理判斷題。本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦的經(jīng)歷，所以這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在一本教材中，故B項正確。 E 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someones life? If yes，dont care about sex or age！e and join us，then youll_make_it! Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals) Place：Manchester Hours：Part Time We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives！Only 4 days left.Dont miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! Role： You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued. Skills and Experience Required： You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to municate in fluent written and spoken English since youll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you. 1．The text is meant to ________. A．leave a note B．send an invitation C．present a document D．carry an advertisement 2．What does the underlined part mean? A．Youll make others lives more meaningful with this job. B．Youll arrive home just in time from this job. C．Youll earn a good salary from this job. D．Youll succeed in getting this job. 3．The volunteers primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________. A．to get some financial support B．to properly protect themselves C．to learn some new living skills D．to realize their own importance 4．Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer? A．The one who can drive a car. B．The one who has done similar work before. C．The one who has patience to listen to others. D．The one who can use English to municate. 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是一則廣告。廣告中招募志愿者，幫助智障人，讓智障人意識到他們的重要性。 1．D　解析：考查推理判斷。從文中Position，Place，Hours，Role以及Skills and Experience Required的相關(guān)信息可知，短文為廣告。 2．A　解析：考查句意理解。從文章中的“Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someones life”以及第二段中的“If yes，dont care about sex or age！e and join us, then youll_make_it”可知，youll make it意為“參加廣告中的志愿工作，你將讓別人的生活更有意義”。 3．D　解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中Role部分的“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued”可知，志愿者的基本工作是讓智障人意識到他們的重要性。 4．B　解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中Skills and Experience Required部分的“Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you”可知，以前有類似工作經(jīng)歷的人優(yōu)先。