2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 一、閱讀理解 A new “smart bin” could mean the end of environment-conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling. The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate. It is being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in UK within a few years. The bin, designed by start-up pany Bin.E, recognizes different type of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recognition and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it presses the waste so it occupies less space. It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it is introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins. Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “We’ve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are being more and more focused on sustainability. In response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter season-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home." Bin. E’s official release on the market will take place in 2018. However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available. The office bin will sell at 430 while customers will need to pay a 107 subscription fee for an acpanying smartphone app, which hooks them up with collection services. A spokesman at Bin. E said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment. They added: “After the office version, we plan to create an outdoor version and later the home version. We decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than in our homes.” 1.What do we know about about a new “smart bin” from the first paragraph? A. It works automatically. B. It has been used widely. C. It is easy to operate. D. It is very expensive. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The waste. B. The camera. C. The bin. D. The sensor. 3.Why is John Lewis introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins? A. To change people’s behaviour, B. To satisfy increasing demands. C. To popularize new technology. D. To make them more famous. 4.Where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to Bin. E’s official? A. At home. B. In the supermarket. C. In the open air. D. In the office. 【文章大意】本文介紹了一款可以智能分類垃圾的“智能垃圾箱”。并對(duì)它的設(shè)計(jì)，市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了介紹。 2.C 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上段The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate這項(xiàng)發(fā)明可以幫助垃圾分類，可知it指代the smart bin，故選C。 4.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available.最初只有一個(gè)為辦公室設(shè)計(jì)的更大膽版本才可以使用?？芍畛跏窃谵k公室使用，故選D。 二、教材與語(yǔ)法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 When the writer called 1.___________ her mother in the countryside on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed 2.___________ (make) their home near their house. The writer considered it a chance for her 3.___________ (distinguish) herself by inventing something that would catch 4.___________ (snake) but not harm them. She set about 5.___________ (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be 6.___________ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. As 7.___________ result, she had to attempt a 8.___________ (three) time, 9.___________ helped her fulfill her aim successfully. She was so delighted that she was 10.___________ (determine) to send her invention to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea. 答案：1.up　2.to have made　3.to distinguish　4.snakes 5．researching　6.easily　7.a　8.third　9.which　10.determined 三、完形填空 One day when I was 13，my family was working in the fields to clear away old brush when somehow the electric fence sparked(冒火花)and __1__ a fire.We didnt see the fire __2__ it had blocked the way to the only gate.I __3__ to jump over the fence to safety but the fire was all around us.I could only watch in __4__ as the flames continued to rise.Little did I know that my father had once been a(n)__5__ and knew what to do. __6__ with only a pump sprayer，buckets, and his boots，he __7__ down to the nearby pond，filled the buckets and the sprayer，and began spraying the __8__ while my older brother threw water with the buckets.Soon the wind __9__，however，and with the Fire Department too far away to arrive in time，my father began to stamp(踩滅) out the flames as he moved to the __10__，so that my family was able to move inch by inch toward the gate.__11__ he arrived at the gate，he jumped into the truck，rolled up the windows，and drove __12__ the fire.Then the fire was put out，and my mother was looking at my father with her __13__ eyes. After that，my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter，and my brother and I became __14__，asking him what other jobs he had done before he __15__.Well，it turned out that he had done just about __16__ except brain surgery! He had been in the military as a carpenter，carpet layer，and an electrician，and had built B2 bombers before being poisoned in an accident that had __17__ him to retire.My father has a blood disorder as a result of that __18__，but that hasnt stopped him from being a fulltime electrician. To all those people whose fathers have worked in the military and in other dangerous jobs, be __19__ of them，and remember that some day their __20__ might save your life. 1．A.prevented B．permitted C．witnessed D．started 2．A.because B．unless C．a(chǎn)fter D．until 3．A.wanted B．managed C．promised D．happened 4．A.anger B．horror C．excitement D．embarrassment 5．A.carpenter B．electrician C．firefighter D．educator 6．A.Armed B．Satisfied C．Shared D．Identified 7．A.slid B．fell C．dashed D．walked 8．A.trees B．grass C．flames D．flowers 9．A.died off B．took on C．turned out D．picked up 10．A.fence B．truck C．furniture D．bucket 11．A.If B．Once C．Since D．While 12．A.through B．a(chǎn)long C．over D．a(chǎn)cross 13．A.high B．wide C．fast D．far 14．A.curious B．suspicious C．concerned D．a(chǎn)nxious 15．A.moved B．resigned C．retired D．suffered 16．A.everything B．nothing C．something D．a(chǎn)nything 17．A.allowed B．encouraged C．invited D．forced 18．A.fire B．a(chǎn)ccident C．a(chǎn)ttempt D．explanation 19．A.afraid B．proud C．careful D．a(chǎn)shamed 20．A.culture B．learning C．skills D．languages 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文作者通過(guò)講述火災(zāi)中父親撲滅大火的故事，告訴我們?cè)?jīng)在部隊(duì)和做過(guò)其他危險(xiǎn)工作的父親將來(lái)某一天可能會(huì)用他們的技能拯救我們的生命，我們應(yīng)為他們感到驕傲。 【核心詞匯】as a result of由于，因?yàn)?其后跟賓語(yǔ)) be proud of為……感到驕傲 1．D　根據(jù)該句中的“the electric fence sparked(冒火花)and __1__ a fire”可知，此處表示一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)開始了。D項(xiàng)意為“開始，使開始發(fā)生”，符合語(yǔ)境。prevent“阻止”；permit“允許”；witness“目擊”。 2．D　直到大火堵住了通往唯一的門的路，我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)大火。此處考查“not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)。 3．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”想(wanted)跳過(guò)籬笆，到達(dá)安全地帶，可是大火包圍了我們。manage“設(shè)法做成”；promise“許諾”；happen“發(fā)生”。 4．B　由上文可知，大火包圍了我們，“我”只能驚恐地看著火焰繼續(xù)上升。in horror“驚恐地”；in anger“生氣地”；in excitement“興奮地”；in embarrassment“尷尬地”。 5．C　根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter”可知，父親曾經(jīng)是一名消防員。carpenter“木匠，木工”；electrician“電工”；educator“教育工作者”。 6．A　本題考查be armed with的省略結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，意為“用……裝備或武裝”，故選A項(xiàng)。satisfied“滿意的，滿足的”；shared“共有的”；identified“可辨認(rèn)的”。 7．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，父親應(yīng)該是沖(dashed)向最近的池塘。slide“滑行”。 8．C　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指開始用水噴向火焰(flames)。 9．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示然而很快，風(fēng)又變強(qiáng)了。pick up“變大，變強(qiáng)”，符合語(yǔ)境。die off“相繼死去，先后死去”；take on“呈現(xiàn)，開始具有(某種特征、面貌等)”；turn out“結(jié)果是，證明是”。 10．B　根據(jù)下文中的“he jumped into the truck”可知，父親走向卡車。 11．B　考查連詞。A項(xiàng)意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；B項(xiàng)意為“一……就……，一旦”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；C項(xiàng)“自……以來(lái)，因?yàn)?，既然”；D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)……時(shí)候，盡管”。由上下文可知，此處指父親一到達(dá)大門，就跳進(jìn)了卡車?yán)?。故選B項(xiàng)。 12．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，父親開著卡車從火中穿過(guò)。through“通過(guò)，穿過(guò)”，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在某物的空間內(nèi)；along“沿著”；over“在……上面”；across“從一邊到另一邊，橫過(guò)”，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在物體的表面。 13．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，父親開著卡車從火中穿過(guò)，火最終被撲滅了，所以母親睜大(wide)眼睛看著父親。 14．A　根據(jù)下文中的“asking him what other jobs he had done”可知，我們是很好奇的(curious)。suspicious“懷疑的，猜疑的”；concerned“(與某事)有關(guān)的，有牽連的”； anxious“焦慮的，不安的，擔(dān)心的”。 15．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我們問(wèn)父親在退休(retired)之前還做過(guò)其他什么工作。下文中的“to retire”也是提示。 16．A　根據(jù)第三段對(duì)父親退休前工作的描述可知，父親做過(guò)很多事情，所以此處指除了做腦外科手術(shù)之外，父親幾乎什么都做過(guò)。everything except“除了……之外什么都……”符合語(yǔ)境。 17．D　由上下文可知，那場(chǎng)事故迫使(forced)父親退休。 18．B　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指那場(chǎng)事故(accident)。attempt“嘗試”； explanation“解釋”。 19．B　be proud of “為……感到驕傲”符合語(yǔ)境。ashamed“(因自己所做的事而)羞恥的，內(nèi)疚的，慚愧的”。 20．C　根據(jù)上文可知，此處指他們的技能(skills)有朝一日可能拯救你的生命。 四、教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下列句子。 1．大衛(wèi)是一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎而成功的商人，他的一項(xiàng)新產(chǎn)品獲得了專利。(cautious; patent; product) _______________________________________________ 答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. 2．這項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品很暢銷，但是后來(lái)他發(fā)現(xiàn)這款產(chǎn)品沒(méi)有達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(criteria) _______________________________________________ 答案：This product sold well, but later he found his product didn’t live up to the criteria. 3．他沒(méi)有氣餒，而是抓住一切機(jī)會(huì)改善產(chǎn)品。(improve) _______________________________________________ 答案：He didn’t lose heart but seized every chance to improve it. 4．他希望自己的產(chǎn)品能經(jīng)受得住市場(chǎng)的考驗(yàn)。(expect) _______________________________________________ 答案：He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. 5．在自己的努力下，他獲得了巨大的成功，自己的收入穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。(stable) _______________________________________________ 答案：It was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his ine had a stable increase. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過(guò)渡自然。 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯(cuò)誤，改正錯(cuò)誤并背誦該文。 David, whom was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold good, but later he found his product didn’t live up to the criteria. However, he didn’t lose his heart but seized every chance to improve it.He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts which he achieved great success and his ine has a stable increase. 答案： David, was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold ， but later he found his product didn’t live up to the criteria. However, he didn’t lose heart but seized every chance to improve it.He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts he achieved great success and his ine a stable increase.