2019高考英語(yǔ) 詞匯（30）練習(xí)（含解析）.doc

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詞匯（30） 復(fù)習(xí)：1、核心單詞2、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)3、寫(xiě)作句式4、我讀我練（詞匯應(yīng)用、句式仿寫(xiě)） 【單句單詞語(yǔ)法填空】 1． Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students _______(talk) over what is bothering them. 答案：to talk　talk over“討論”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：有時(shí)我充當(dāng)一個(gè)傾聽(tīng)者來(lái)傾聽(tīng)我的同學(xué)們討論他們的煩心事。 2．(2015重慶，11改編)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ______(use) the sun and the stars. 答案：using　using the sun and the stars在句中作狀語(yǔ)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)birds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：像古代水手那樣，鳥(niǎo)可以利用太陽(yáng)和恒星來(lái)找到路。 3．(2015福建，28改編)________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 答案：To learn　由語(yǔ)境可知，此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：為了更多地了解中國(guó)文化，杰克決定把中國(guó)民間音樂(lè)作為選修課。 4．(2015福建，33改編)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(bine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”. 答案：bining　由語(yǔ)境可知，infosphere與bine之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用doing作狀語(yǔ)。句意：近幾年，一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞infosphere出現(xiàn)了，它把“信息”與“氣氛”的含義結(jié)合在一起。 5．(2015江蘇，24改編)Much time________(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 答案：spent　本句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。逗號(hào)后為主句，逗號(hào)前為獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語(yǔ)。time與spend是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填spent。句意：因?yàn)榛ㄙM(fèi)很多時(shí)間坐在桌子旁，辦公室職員一般都受健康問(wèn)題的困擾。 核心單詞 1.victim n.　　　　　 受害人；犧牲者，犧牲品 2.view n. 看法，見(jiàn)解；風(fēng)景，景色 3.viewpoint n. 觀(guān)點(diǎn) 4.violate v. 違反(法律、協(xié)議等)，侵犯 5.violence n. 暴力，暴力行為 6.virtue n. 美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn) 7.visitor n. 訪(fǎng)問(wèn)者，參觀(guān)者 8.vital adj. 生死攸關(guān)的，重大的，生命的，至關(guān)重要的 9.vocabulary n. 詞匯， 詞匯表 10.volunteer n. 義工，自愿者 　　　　v. 無(wú)償做……；志愿做…… 11.voyage n. 航行，旅行 12.wander vi. 漫游，游蕩，漫步，流浪 13.warm－h(huán)earted adj. 熱心的 14.weakness n. 軟弱 15.wealthy adj. 富裕的 16.welfare n. 幸福，福利 17.well－known adj. 出名，眾所周知的 18.widespread adj. 分布廣的，普遍的 19.withdraw vt. 收回；撤回；撤離 20.witness vt. 目擊，目睹 　　　n. 見(jiàn)證人，目擊者 21.wonder v. 對(duì)……疑惑/感到驚奇，想知道 　　　n. 驚訝，驚嘆；奇跡 22.workforce n. 勞動(dòng)力 23.world－famous adj. 世界聞名的 24.worldwide adj. 遍及全球的，世界范圍的 25.worthy adj. 值得的 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1.turn up 出現(xiàn)；開(kāi)大(音量) turn on 打開(kāi)(開(kāi)電燈等) turn off 關(guān)上(關(guān)電燈等) turn down 開(kāi)小(音量)；拒絕 turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn) turn in 交出；上交 turn to 求助于；翻到；轉(zhuǎn)向 turn into 變成 2.use up 用完，花光 wake up 醒來(lái) take up 拿起，占用；開(kāi)始從事 pick up 撿起；偶然學(xué)會(huì)；收聽(tīng)；(用車(chē))接人 go up 上漲 mix up 混淆，弄亂；攪勻 build up 建立；增強(qiáng) stay up 不睡覺(jué)，熬夜 【閱讀理解】 Nowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse, such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining tighter, playing cards and Mahjong, plus the Chinese-style “street-crossing group.” Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the “circle of friends” of WeChat. However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua University, signed with emotion: “My loneliness increases as scene bees much busier.” One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character. These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to one’s true self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.” The “spare time” he referred to could be taken as “spending time by yourself.” Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on one’s quality, ambition and inspiration. Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand unceasing inputs. However, information, to processed and integrated(融入)into knowledge, thoughts and feelings, instead of bustle(忙碌)seems to be the right condition. Successful careers in all walks of life worldwide have proved that “the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness”. In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that “Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves profundity”. Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness. 1.Which of the following can replace the underlined the word “boisterously” in paragraph 1? A. surprisingly B. sadly C. busily D. peacefully 2.What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. Being alone marks people depressed. B. Social intercourse improves our happiness. C. One may feel lonely even when surrounded by people D. We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness. 3.What can we know from Einstein’s words? A. You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself. B. You should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy. C. You will not bee successful if you join in more social intercourse. D. You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful. 4.Which may be the best title for this passage? A. Live On Your Own B. Happiness and Loneliness C. The secret of success D. Practice Your Social Ability 【文章大意】這是一篇議論文，講述了幸福和孤獨(dú)之間的關(guān)系。作者認(rèn)為幸福是膚淺的，孤獨(dú)是深刻的。人比快樂(lè)更需要孤獨(dú)，只有豐富的孤獨(dú)才能產(chǎn)生幸福。 2.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)后面的“One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.”可知，即便是周?chē)腥?，之間忙碌于各種場(chǎng)合并不能總能緩解孤獨(dú)感。故選C。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。愛(ài)伊斯坦的話(huà)說(shuō)“不是你的工作時(shí)間，而是你的業(yè)余時(shí)間決定了你是否會(huì)成功”，所以可知，只有把業(yè)余時(shí)間或者說(shuō)獨(dú)自度過(guò)時(shí)光過(guò)得更加充實(shí)和有意義才會(huì)成功。故選D。 4.B 【解析】主旨大意題。這是一篇議論文，講述了幸福和孤獨(dú)之間的關(guān)系。故選B。 寫(xiě)作句式 常用介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 1.With the development of science and technology, munication has bee more and more convenient. 隨著科技的發(fā)展，交流變得越來(lái)越方便。 2.By doing so I have accumulated large quantities of English materials. 通過(guò)這樣做我積累了大量的英語(yǔ)資料。 3.Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields. 由于他能夠堅(jiān)持不懈地做他所選擇做的任何事情，所以他在很多領(lǐng)域都取得了偉大成就。 4.Qianmen, with a history of 600 years old, is 800 meters in length, along which there are more than 300 shops. 前門(mén)大街有600年歷史，800米長(zhǎng)，沿街有300家店鋪。 我讀我練 Ⅰ.詞匯應(yīng)用 1.I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3.I’m writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer(志愿者). 2.Our city witnesses(見(jiàn)證) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold. 3.It is wrong to see violence (violent) as the only way to solve problems. 4.I was once ashamed to admit my weakness(weak), but now I have no such feeling. 5.He turned__down(拒絕) my suggestion and turned over the business to his daughter. 6.Practising Chinese kung fu can not only __build__up__one’s__strength(增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)), but also develop one’s character. Ⅱ.句式仿寫(xiě) 1.在我看來(lái)， 在我們真實(shí)的生活中我們應(yīng)該重視我們的朋友，而不是手機(jī)。 (2014重慶高考寫(xiě)作)In__my__opinion,__we should value our friends instead of phones in our real life. 2.在我們的城市，隨著汽車(chē)數(shù)量的快速增長(zhǎng)，我們的環(huán)境正急劇惡化。 With__the__number__of__cars__increasing__fast__in__our__city,__our environment is getting increasingly worse. 3.通過(guò)學(xué)英語(yǔ)我們能夠開(kāi)闊我們的視野，增加我們各領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)。 By__learning__English we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields. 4.大量的垃圾和廢水正涌入河流，結(jié)果，水資源被嚴(yán)重污染。 Rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river; as__a__consequence,__water sources have been badly polluted. 【練習(xí)】 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線(xiàn)，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2018長(zhǎng)春市質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一) Dear Bill， How time flies！I went back to school and begin my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination，that makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because of I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself the second chance to pass them.I will ask my teachers and friends for advices on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make fully use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me or I will be grateful to you. Im looking forward to hear from you. Yours， Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Bill， How time flies！I went back to school and my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination， makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself second chance to pass .I will ask my teachers and friends for on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me I will be grateful to you. Im looking forward to from you. Yours， Li Hua 第一處：begin改為began。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last month可知，此處描述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第二處：that改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞為整個(gè)句子，所以關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which。 第三處：fail后加to?？疾楣潭ù钆?。fail to do sth.是固定用法，表示“未能做成某事”。 第四處：刪除because后的of?？疾榻樵~。because of后面跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，文中其后跟的是從句，應(yīng)用because來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故刪除of。 第五處：the改為a?？疾楣谠~。該處表示“再給自己一次機(jī)會(huì)”，a second chance表示“再一次機(jī)會(huì)”。 第六處：them改為it?？疾榇~。該處表示“通過(guò)英語(yǔ)考試”，應(yīng)用it代指英語(yǔ)考試。 第七處：advices改為advice?？疾槊~。advice是不可數(shù)名詞，故把a(bǔ)dvices改為advice。 第八處：fully改為full?？疾樾稳菰~。該句中的名詞use應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，所以把fully改為full。make full use of“充分利用”。 第九處：or改為and?？疾椴⒘羞B詞。此處表示“告訴我(你的建議)，我將不勝感激”。“祈使句＋and＋句子”，and表示順承關(guān)系；“祈使句＋or＋句子”，or表示“否則”。 第十處：hear改為hearing?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。look forward to短語(yǔ)中to是介詞，后面跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。