時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) (2)

時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)【易錯(cuò)題演練】1. .Mum,I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid2. So what is the procedure? All the applicants _before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed3. What about your self-drive trip yesterday?Tiring! The road is being widened, and we a rough ride. A. had B. have C. would have D. have had4. As a young man, Mo Yan, winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature, didnt know that he _ famous later on. A. was to become B. will become C. had become D. became5. Parents and their children often disagree about the amount of freedom and responsibility that young people _. A. would have B. are havingC. are to have D. are about to have6. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out7. The demand for clean organic food_and more people are interested in what they are putting into their mouths. A.grew B. has been growing C. will grow D. had grown8. It is true that we dont know what we have got until we lose it, but it is also true that we dont know what we _ until it arrives. A. had missed B. missed C. have been missing D. will have missed 9. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been madeB. was made C. has been madeD. would be made10. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it . A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 11. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A. had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked12. Although all of the apples _, none of them _ good. A. has been tasted；are tastedB. have been tasted；tasteC. have tasted；tasteD. has tasted；are tasted13. The door _. Better have it repaired.A. isnt shutB. hasnt been shutC. wont be shutD. wont shut14.We _to catch the 10:20 train, but _ it was gone.A. had hoped; foundB. had hoped; had foundC. hoped; would findD. hoped; would have found15. You _ television. Why not do something more active？A. always watchB. are always watchingC. have always watchedD. have always been watching16. Why?Thisisthethirdtimeyouhavemissedthelecture!I_to.Iwashurryingtoschoolwhensomethingurgenthappenedtome. A. dontmean B. didntmean C. haventmeant D. hadntmeant17. I _go on the trip, when it began to rain. A. wasto B. wasgoingto C. would D. wasaboutto18. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours，and they would wait to the movie star arrived A. werewaiting B. hadbeenwaiting C. hadwaited D. wouldwait19. Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything. A.totell B. tobetold C. tobetelling D. tohavebeentold20. I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it. A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done21. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year.A. will graduateB. will have graduatedC. graduatesD. is to graduate22. -Would you have told him the news had it been possible? - I would have, but I so busy then.A. had been B. was C. were D. would be23. Mr. Wang, who is said to have immigrated to the USA, at NO.1 Middle School in our city for twenty years.A. has been teaching B. was teaching C. taught D. have taught24. -Amazingly, Zhou Jun got the first place for the Chinas Got Talent last night. - So wonderfully in the show that he deserves it.A. did he perform B. had he performed C. he performed D. he had performed25. The telephone , but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung26. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call27. The plane _ at 700 p. m, so I have to be at the airport by 640 at the latest. A. has left B. is going to leave C. leaves D. will have left28. the key to the car when my boss came towards meFinally I could drive him home as usual ANever had I found BSeldom did I find CHardly had I found DNo sooner did I find29. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. doesB. had been doneC. will doD. is done30. - Do you remember the first time you _ with a foreigner? -Not really, but I remember it was in a KFC. A.talked B.had talked C.have talked D.are talking【解題指要】動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常和語態(tài)、主謂一致結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查。英語時(shí)態(tài)多達(dá)16種,常用的有8種之多。分析近幾年的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其命題的三個(gè)角度：一是直接給定時(shí)間狀語，考生可直接根據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語作出選擇；二是給定時(shí)間狀語，但所給時(shí)間狀語有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語進(jìn)行選擇；三是題干中不提供任何時(shí)間狀語，而給出一個(gè)上下文情景或一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的句子，考生必須仔細(xì)分析語境，才能作出判斷并選擇最佳答案。應(yīng)對(duì)的策略是：1捕捉信息,理解情境,綜合運(yùn)用,靈活答題。答題時(shí)，研讀題干，搜索出盡可能多的“時(shí)間參考信息”，如：havent said, was doing等，這些表達(dá)中都含有時(shí)間信息，發(fā)現(xiàn)和有效利用這些信息是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。2遵循如下解題思路：（1）這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間？題干句中可參照的時(shí)間信息有哪些？（2）這個(gè)動(dòng)作處于什么時(shí)態(tài)，是進(jìn)行中，還是已經(jīng)結(jié)束（完成）？限制或修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)作的狀語信息有哪些？（3）這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語的關(guān)系，是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？3熟知主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則。近年來的高考試題一般不再單純考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),而是將其放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語境中進(jìn)行考查，也會(huì)結(jié)合強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)等其他語法現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行考查。解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示一般將來時(shí)態(tài),一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示過去將來時(shí)態(tài),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。（2）認(rèn)準(zhǔn)主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語境。（3）解答賓語從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則：如果主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)，如果主句動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài),則從句動(dòng)詞須用合適的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài))。【點(diǎn)撥提升】一、概念導(dǎo)圖二、規(guī)律點(diǎn)撥：1、高頻考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)：1）利用干擾時(shí)態(tài)考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)；2）考查將來時(shí)的各種表達(dá)法及其區(qū)別；3）利用時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；4）設(shè)置特定語境考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的影響性用法；5）在“過去的過去”背景下考查過去完成時(shí)；6）考查多種時(shí)態(tài)的綜合運(yùn)用語態(tài)：1）具體語境中的語態(tài)的選用；2）不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；3）get/remain/stay/become+過去分詞表被動(dòng)；4）非謂語的被動(dòng)情況；5）主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況2、各種時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用一覽表1）一般體現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)。2）表示客觀真理或科學(xué)事實(shí)。3）在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。過去時(shí)1）表示過去某事發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和a moment ago, just now, at that time等連用。2）表示過去時(shí)間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般由and連接。3）表示過去時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。將來時(shí)1) will/shall+do表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2) be going to+do含有“打算，計(jì)劃，即將”做某事，或表示很有可能要發(fā)生某事。3) be + doing 進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4) be about to + do表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語。5) be to +do表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事；或表示應(yīng)該，相當(dāng)于should/ ought to。2）現(xiàn)在體進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話人說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，譯成漢語"正在"，這一用法常和表示此刻的時(shí)間狀語連用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。表示現(xiàn)階段但并非眼下正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。 表示某個(gè)按最近的計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或即將開始或進(jìn)行的將來動(dòng)作。常用的這類詞有g(shù)o, come, leave, stay, start等。和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等頻度副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表達(dá)厭煩、憤怒、抱怨、贊揚(yáng)等情感。wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣。完成時(shí)1、表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束，通常使用不具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞，arrive, become, begin, break等，可帶有迄今意義的時(shí)間狀語，如up to now, so far, already, not.yet等。也可帶有包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如now, recently, in the past few years, just等。2、表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也許還將繼續(xù)下去。這種用法通常用于具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞，如live, stay, work等，并帶有表示時(shí)間段的狀語或迄今意義的時(shí)間的狀語，如for, since等。表示短暫的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能用于這種用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。3、用于時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，表示將來要完成的動(dòng)作或一個(gè)動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。4、用在"It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/thirdtime+ that從句"中5、 "It (This)is the best( worst, most interesting等) + 名詞+從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和for，since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。（2）表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)候剛結(jié)束。3）過去體進(jìn)行時(shí)1、表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語或時(shí)間狀語從句來表明。2、代替過去將來時(shí)：用于come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4、wonder, hope, think等表示心理的動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣。完成式1、過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是"過去的過去"。2、表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)間，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常和for, since構(gòu)成的短語或引導(dǎo)的從句連用。3、用在 "It was the first/second/thirdtime that"句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。4、intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)，表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的設(shè)想、意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。5、過去完成時(shí)常用結(jié)構(gòu)有"hardly, scarcely, barely when, no sooner than等副詞的句子里。將來時(shí)（1）was/were going to表示過去的打算和意圖表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算和意圖（2）was/were to+動(dòng)詞原形這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常指過去的計(jì)劃安排或注定要發(fā)生的事情。如果計(jì)劃的動(dòng)作沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，要用動(dòng)詞的完成式。（3）was/were about to動(dòng)詞原形，表示過去即將發(fā)生的事。（4）表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞 (如go，come，leave，start等)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示按照過去的計(jì)劃安排將在過去將來發(fā)生的事情。完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間。這一動(dòng)作可能己經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。（2）表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作、企圖、情緒、最近的情況。4）將來體進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與this time tomorrow, at 4 oclock tomorrow afternoon等時(shí)間狀語連用。（2）表示一種已經(jīng)決定或肯定的動(dòng)作或情況，或表示某動(dòng)作將在按計(jì)劃發(fā)生而未完成。 完成時(shí)（1）將來完成時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，通常與before或by連用。（2）表示持續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)也可能將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。5）語態(tài)注意事項(xiàng)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介、副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。 如：Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act. However, they sell well in the US.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.有些動(dòng)詞只以被動(dòng)語態(tài)出現(xiàn)，常見的有be determinied(決定)，be devoted(致力)，be seated(坐)，be dressed（穿），be born（出生），be situated/located（坐落）等?！癵et+過去分詞”表示被動(dòng)。其中g(shù)et與be一樣起助動(dòng)詞作用，不同的是常用來表示突然發(fā)生的事情。下面詞或短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart, be to blame（被責(zé)備）,be to let（被出租）等等。 【過關(guān)演練】01. We are confident that the environment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved02.It puzzles him why people here are so interested in what his job is. He _ that question frequently. A. has asked B. gets asked C. is asking D. was asked03. I _ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. A. comeB. cameC. am comingD. was coming04. Im calling about the apartment you the other day. Could you tell me more about it? A. advertised B. had advertised C. are advertising D. will advertise05. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed. A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed06. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010. A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandonD. will abandon07. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_. A. has started B. startsC. startedD. will start08.Finally the parcle arrived by post, in which_ wrapped dozens of old coins. A. has been B. were C. have been D. was09.I_in the countryside for two weeks and I really have no idea what is happening here. A.have stayed B.have been staying C. stayed D. had stayed10.Can you get me the novels？By all means. All but one of them _ in our company. A. published B. was published C. were published D. had been published 11.To be honest, if it were not for the fact that you_ my close friend, I wouldnt take such pains to serve you. A. were B. are C.had been D. have been12.Jim a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. A. watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would be watching13.Could I use your car tomorrow morning? Sure. I a report at home.A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing14. The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking 15.But for the fact that I _the lesson at that time, I would have answered your phone. A.gave B. was giving C. had been giving D. would give 16.The situation in the Middle East is still very serious. Representatives of many nations at the peace talks _ towards agreement. A. have worked B. are working C. worked D. will work17.I hate school; it is not for me. I think Ill quit.You _ stupid! It takes effort now, but later you will benefit from it.A.will be B. are being C. have been D. were being18.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _ it for a very long time.A. has had B. had had C. has D. had19. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told20. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he_ some European partners. A. would meet B. is meetingC. meetsD. had met21. Everything he _ away from him before he returned to his hometown. A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken22.Mr.Wang is now in hospital. Sorry to hear that.I think it is years of hard work and little rest that _ his health. A.ruined B.have ruined C.are ruining D. ruin 23. I_Lucy to be careful with her handwriting all the time, but she _it up at all. A.told ; didnt polish B. have been telling ; hasnt polished C.will be telling ; will not polish D.have told ; will not polish 24. What was the matter with our school network? I dont know. My computer _ to the Internet in our office for a few days. A. hasnt linked B.doesnt link C. wasnt linked D. hasnt been linked25. Did you watch the live broadcast of Gangnam Style last night? Yes, I_ so excited for a long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt felt C.havent felt D. hadnt felt26.The recent heavy rain has caused much inconvenience to people in Sichuan.Yes,indeed. Just imagine the place _with over one hundred centimeters of rain one night. A.has been hit B. was hit C. had been hit D. is hit 27.I intend to buy that kind of clothes because I _ that they _ well. A. have told ; wash B. have been told ; wash C. was told ; washed D.told ; washed 28. -The manager has come back from his business trip. He is asking you for the report. - Oh, my god! I havent finished it yet. But he back at the company tomorrow. A. was expected B. will expect C. expected D. will be expected29. -What do you think of store shopping in the future. - Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but . A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replace30. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call31. - Why do children hang stockings over the fireplace for presents? - As the story goes, to help a poor family, Father Christmas threw a small bag of gold down the chimney and it fell into a stocking that up to dry over the fireplace. A. hung B. had hung C. was hanging D. was hanged32. -Ill be able to come to see your performance at 8:30 tomorrow evening. -Im sorry, by then my performance _ and I _ reporters in the meeting room. A. will be ended; will meet B. is to end; will meetC. will end; am going to meet D. will have ended; will be meeting8