2020人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修八練習(xí)：unit 2 第1學(xué)時(shí) reading and comprehension含答案

2020學(xué)年人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料英語(yǔ)選修8(人教版)Unit 2 CloningCloning第一學(xué)時(shí)Reading and ComprehensionCloningAs we know, cloning，making the exact copy，includes natural clones and manmade clones.Naturally，cloning plants are around people because its easy and straightforward to undertake especially for the gardeners.Although the birth of Dolly the sheep in 1996 was a breakthrough for the scientists，it caused a storm of objections after her death.After all, Dolly the sheep，which cost scientists much time，energy and money, only lived six and a half years.As a result，even scientists doubt whether its worthwhile to clone such animals. 一、請(qǐng)將課文“Cloning: Where Is It Leading Us？”譯成漢語(yǔ)，然后參考譯文助讀自主勘誤 譯文助讀克隆：它將把我們引向何方？克隆一直與我們同在，而且它還要持續(xù)下去。這是一種用來(lái)生產(chǎn)與原型完全相同的動(dòng)植物的方法。當(dāng)園藝師從生長(zhǎng)著的植物上剪下枝條來(lái)培植新植物時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象。這種現(xiàn)象也發(fā)生在動(dòng)物身上，從同一個(gè)原生卵子產(chǎn)生性別和相貌相同的雙胞胎也是克隆。實(shí)際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象?？寺〖夹g(shù)有兩大用途。第一，園藝師一直用它生產(chǎn)大量的供商用的植物；第二，它在對(duì)新植物物種的研究以及在對(duì)動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)研究方面都是很有價(jià)值的?？寺≈参锖?jiǎn)單，但克隆動(dòng)物就非常復(fù)雜了，這是一項(xiàng)很難完成的任務(wù)?？寺〔溉閯?dòng)物的多次嘗試都失敗了。但是，科學(xué)家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報(bào)，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的誕生。它的程序如下圖(略)所示：1母羊(甲)提供一個(gè)卵細(xì)胞。2在卵細(xì)胞中取出細(xì)胞核。3卵細(xì)胞準(zhǔn)備接受新的細(xì)胞核。4母羊(乙)提供一個(gè)供克隆的軀干細(xì)胞，該細(xì)胞應(yīng)包含有生產(chǎn)一頭新羊所需要的全部基因。5取出該細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核。6用電把母羊(乙)的軀干細(xì)胞核和母羊(甲)的卵細(xì)胞連接起來(lái)。7細(xì)胞分裂并生長(zhǎng)成胚胎。8把胚胎置入另外一頭母羊(丙)體內(nèi)，母羊(丙)就是克隆羊的代孕。9這頭小羔羊就是母羊(乙)所提供的細(xì)胞核克隆而成的。一方面，整個(gè)科學(xué)界都在關(guān)注著首例成功的克隆動(dòng)物多莉羊的成長(zhǎng)。多莉看來(lái)是在正常地成長(zhǎng)著，這很令人鼓舞。接著傳來(lái)了多莉病重的壞消息。研究克隆的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上，這讓他們很沮喪。多莉總共只存活了六年半，這是它的原型羊壽命的一半?？杀氖牵瑯訜o(wú)法控制的命運(yùn)也在影響著其他物種，如克隆鼠。科學(xué)家們的腦海里產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題是：“這是不是所有克隆動(dòng)物的一個(gè)主要困難呢？這種現(xiàn)象會(huì)不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)發(fā)生？如果改進(jìn)研究程序，問(wèn)題會(huì)不會(huì)解決呢？”另一方面，多莉羊的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)，對(duì)媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。它引起了爭(zhēng)議，它突然打開(kāi)了人們的眼界，使人們看到了利用克隆技術(shù)來(lái)治療重病，甚至克隆出人類的可能性。盡管目前供克隆研究的人類卵細(xì)胞和胚胎很難獲得，報(bào)紙報(bào)道說(shuō)，有些邪惡頭目希望把自己克隆出來(lái)以實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的野心。宗教領(lǐng)袖也提出了道德方面的問(wèn)題。各國(guó)政府惶恐不安而且更加謹(jǐn)慎。有些政府開(kāi)始改革司法制度，明令禁止進(jìn)行克隆人類的研究，但是其他國(guó)家，如中國(guó)和英國(guó)，則仍然在繼續(xù)收集克隆技術(shù)有可能提供豐富的醫(yī)療救助的證據(jù)。然而科學(xué)家們?nèi)詫?duì)克隆技術(shù)有助于人類還是有害于人類，以及克隆技術(shù)將把我們引向哪里感到困惑。二、課文精選段落背誦，請(qǐng)注意劃線和黑體字的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象On_the_one_hand，the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone，Dolly the sheep.The_fact_that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Then_came_the_disturbing_news_that Dolly had become seriously ill.Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species，such as cloned mice.The_questions_that_concerned_all_scientists_were：“Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever？Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure？”O(jiān)n_the_other_hand，Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybodys eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.