中考英語 語法知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 第10講 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件

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1、第 10 10 講 非謂語動(dòng)詞to listenwatchinggoinghaving一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Our parents tell us _ (listen) carefully in class.2 I prefer_ (watch) TV at home to _ (go)out on such a rainy day.openingnot to hang3How about_ (have) a party this weekend?4Would you mind_ (open) the door for me?5We have decided_ (not hang) o

2、ut after school.二、完成句子，每空一詞tofinish1It took me two hours_ _ (完成) my mathhomework last night.tolearnhowtodrive2 It is difficult _ _ _ _ (學(xué)習(xí)如何開車)indoing3They have many difficulties _ _ (做) thehard job.whattodo4We dont know_ _ _ (該干什么)next.stoppedcrying5 The little boy _ _ ( 停止哭泣) andlaughed again.年份考點(diǎn)

3、題型分值2012不定式作主語(it takes/took sb.timeto do sth.)單項(xiàng)填空(44)12011不定式作賓語(finditadj.to dosth.)單項(xiàng)填空(41)12010“疑問詞不定式”作賓語(how touse)單項(xiàng)填空(34)120102012 年廣東省卷考點(diǎn)一覽表動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的作用1作賓語(1)常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, plan,decide, learn, agree, try 等。如：I want to play basketball this weekend.這個(gè)周末我想打籃球。The boy decided

4、 to get up early the next day.男孩決定第二天早點(diǎn)起床。后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)，一個(gè)要求莫拒絕(demand, refuse)，設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定(manage, learn, decide)，不要假裝在選擇(pretend, choose)。(2)在常用句型“find/thinkitadj.to do sth.”中，it 作形式賓語，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的賓語，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語(adj.)后面。如：I find it great to walk along such a beautiful

5、river.我發(fā)現(xiàn)沿著這么漂亮的河邊散步真是太棒了。2作賓語補(bǔ)足語在復(fù)合賓語中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。常接動(dòng)詞不 定 式 作 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 的 動(dòng) 詞 有 ： want, wish, tell, ask, teach,encourage, invite, allow, urge 等。如：My mother wants me to be a teacher.我媽媽想讓我成為一名教師。She asked the students to say something.她讓學(xué)生們說一說。3作狀語They stay there to wait for the latest news.他們待在那

6、里等待最新的消息。(作目的狀語)They are too tired to walk.他們太累了以至于走不動(dòng)了。(作結(jié)果狀語)4作表語Her work is to teach English.她的工作是教英語。5.作定語(不定式必須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后)They have no house to live in.他們無房子可住。6.作主語(常用 it 作形式主語，而往往將動(dòng)詞不定式后置)It takes us hours to do our homework every day.我們每天要花上數(shù)小時(shí)做家庭作業(yè)。Its not easy to learn a foreign languag

7、e well.學(xué)好一門外語不容易。動(dòng)詞不定式基本用法：不定式有標(biāo)記，to 與動(dòng)原連一起；沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備；主賓定補(bǔ)表狀語，唯獨(dú)作謂不可以；Not 加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記；疑問詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語有意義；仔細(xì)推敲多思考，準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)。常見的動(dòng)詞不定式的省略形式1作 make (使得)/let (讓，允許)/have (請(qǐng)) 的賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式常省略 to。如：The funny child made everyone laugh.這個(gè)有趣的孩子讓每個(gè)人都笑了。注意：當(dāng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，省略的 to 要加上。如：Everyone was made to laugh by t

8、he funny child.每個(gè)人都被這個(gè)有趣的孩子逗笑了。2感觀動(dòng)詞“see/watch/notice/hearsb.do”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過程或經(jīng)常性。如：All of us heard her sing.我們?nèi)悸牭搅怂琛?had better (not) do sth.意為“最好(不要)做某事”，是固定搭配。4Why not do. ？Why dont you do. ？意為“為何不做”，用于提出建議。5would rather do.than do. 意 為 “ 寧 愿 做 而 不 愿做”。疑問詞不定式有些動(dòng)詞，如 ask, know, learn, decide, tell, sh

9、ow, teach 等，后面可接“疑問代詞或副詞不定式”作賓語。不定式可以和疑 問代 詞(who, whom, whose, what, which) 或 疑問 副詞 (when,where, how, why)連用構(gòu)成不定式短語。如：I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪兒。He asked how to do it.他問怎么做。后接“疑問詞to do”作賓語的動(dòng)詞：學(xué)會(huì)忘記有難處(learn, forget)，想知道就別來勸告(wonder, know, advise)，展開討論教人對(duì)付(show, discuss, teach)，弄清楚才決定告訴(find out,

10、 decide, tell)。()1.(2012 年廣東)It took me two weeks _reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.AfinishBto finishCfinishesDFinishingBIt takes sb. 時(shí)間to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事，是固定搭配，故選 B。()2.(2012 年廣東廣州)I asked her_the bagbecause it was too expensive.A.not to buyB.to buy notC.not buyingD.not buyA 題意：我要她不要買

11、這個(gè)包，因?yàn)樘F了。ask sb.to dosth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事，其否定形式為 ask sb.not to do sth.，故選 A。)3.(2012 年廣東深圳)What are the _ doing(there?They arebusy _ their scienceAboys students; to doBboy students; to doCboys students; doingDboy students; doingD 用一個(gè)名詞來作另一個(gè)名詞的定語時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常只需將后一個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)(用 man, woman 作定語時(shí)需要兩個(gè)都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù))；be busy (in)

12、doing sth.忙于做某事。 故選 D。experiment.()4.(2012 年廣東深圳)Its time for dinner, Linda.Letsout this evening. Nice.But I prefer Chinese food _ western food.Aeat; toCeat; thanBto eat; thanDto eat; toA let 后加省略 to 的不定式，即動(dòng)詞原形；prefer A to B比起 B 來更喜歡 A。()5.(2012 年廣東深圳)Would you like _ theWutong Mountain tomorrow?If

13、my mother _, I will go with you.Aclimbing; will allowBclimbing; allowsCto climb; allowsDto climb; will allowC題意：“你明天愿意去爬梧桐山嗎？”“如果我媽媽同意，我就跟你去?！眞ould like to do sth.愿意做某事，是固定搭配。“If my mother.”是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，故選 C。()6.(2012 年廣東湛江)Its going to rain.Remember_ an umbrellaAll right, Mom.AtakingCto take

14、when you go to school.BbringingDto bringC remember to do sth.記住要做某事，remember doing sth.記得做過某事，根據(jù)題意可知事情“未做”，故可以排除 A、B 兩項(xiàng)。take 意為“帶走”，bring 意為“帶來”，故選 C。()7.(2012 年廣東肇慶)Our teacher always tells us_ time playing computer games.Anot to wasteBnot wasteCdont wasteA tell sb.(not) to do sth.告訴某人(不要)做某事。()8.(

15、2012 年廣東肇慶)How do you feel when youwatch the national flag go up? It makes me _ very proud.AfeelBfeltCto feelAmake 的主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用省略 to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即 make sb.do sth.(使某人做某事)。()9.(2012 年廣東茂名)Can you see the girl _outside the classroom? She is Miss Lis daughter. Astands Bstanding CStand B 題意：你看到站在教室外的那個(gè)女孩了嗎？她是

16、李老師的女兒。句中已有謂語，故應(yīng)用非謂語形式，standing 作后置定語，表示 stand 這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由主語發(fā)出的。()10.(2012 年廣東梅州)Its too hot.Would you mindmy _ the window?_.Do it as you like, please.A.to open; OKB.opening; Certainly notC.opening; Of courseD.open; Good ideaB mind sb.(s) doing sth.介意某人做某事；且根據(jù)答語可知是不介意，故可用 certainly not (當(dāng)然不)來回答。()11.(201

17、2 年廣東梅州)If anyone ever asks her how oldshe is, she always answers, “My dear, it must be terrible_！”A.grown upC.be grown upB.being grown upD.to be grown upD itsadj.to do sth.做某事怎么樣；be grown up 長(zhǎng)大成人。()12.(2011 年廣東)Try to sing more English songs, youwill find it interesting _ a foreign language.Alearni

18、ngClearnBlearnsDto learnD 根據(jù)句型“finditadj.to do sth.”可知選 D。()13.(2011 年廣東廣州)I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _ for dinner with us?A.goC.to goB.did you goD.do you goA “Why not do sth.？”是表示提建議的常用句型。()14.(2011 年廣東深圳)Do you often go swimmingSunday mornings?Yes.Why not _ with me this Sunday?A.on; goC.on; g

19、oingB.in; to goD.in; goingA表示在具體某一天的上午要用介詞 on; why not do sth.意為“為什么不做某事”。()15.(2011 年廣東深圳)The doctor told me _too much, but I find it difficult.The doctor is right.The less you drink, _ you willbe.A.dont drink; the healthierB.not to drink; the healthierC.not to drink; the more healthierD.dont drink

20、; healthierBtell sb.not to do sth. 告訴某人不要做某事；“the 比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)”表示“越就越”，healthy 的比較級(jí)是 healthier，前面不能用 more 修飾。故選 B。()16.(2011 年廣東佛山)After the earthquake hit Japan,many international organizations offered _.A.to helpingB.to helpC.HelpingB offer to do sth.主動(dòng)提出做某事。()17.(2011 年廣東肇慶)The assistant wont let y

21、ou_ the cinema if you havent a ticket.A.enterBto enterCEnteringA let sb.do sth.讓某人做某事。()18.(2011 年廣東茂名)I often hear her _ thissong.Listen! Cant you hear her _ in the next room?A.sing; singB.singing; singingC.sing; singingC hear sb.do sth.表示“聽到某人做某事的全過程”或表示經(jīng)常聽到某人做某事，hear sb.doing sth.表示“聽到某人正在做某事”。()

22、19.(2010 年廣東)We can use QQ to chat with eachother on the Internet.Really? Will you please show me _ it?A.how to useC.how can I useB.what to useD.what can I useA 賓語從句要用陳述句語序，排除 C、D；因已有賓語 it，故“疑問詞不定式”中的疑問詞要用 how 而不用 what。故選A。()20.(2010 年廣東廣州)The teacher told the students_ any food into the computer ro

23、om.A.not to bringC.dont bringB.not bringD.bring notA動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是直接在前面加 not 。tellsb.not to do sth.告訴某人不要做某事。()21.(2010 年廣東深圳)The weather report says thereis going to _ a typhoon tonight.So we had better _ out.A.be; not goC.be; not to goB.have; not goD.have; not to goA there be 句型的一般將來時(shí)形式為 there will b

24、e 或 thereis going to be; had better not do sth.意為“最好不做某事”。()22.(2010 年廣東梅州)Tell him _ the teacherand _ the window.A.to listen to; not look out ofB.to listen to; not to look outC.to listen to; not to look out ofD.listen to; dont look out ofC tell sb.(not) to do sth.告訴某人(不要)做某事；look out ofthe window 朝

25、窗外看。()23.(2010 年廣東佛山)Remember _ yourpersonal information to strangers.Its dangerous.A.to tellB.not to tellCnot tellBremember (not) to do sth. 記 得 ( 不 ) 要 做 某事 。 由 “Itsdangerous.”可知此處表示否定，故選 B。()24.(2010 年廣東湛江)What did your father say justnow?He told me not _ in the street.A.runC.runningB.runsD.to runD tell sb.(not) to do sth.告訴某人(不要)做某事。