江蘇省鹽城市永豐初級(jí)中學(xué)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit 1 Grammar2課件 牛津版

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞和時(shí)間短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞和時(shí)間短語(yǔ):1. 副詞副詞already和和yet。already一般用于肯一般用于肯定句中，定句中，yet一般用于否定句和一般用于否定句和 疑問(wèn)句中。疑問(wèn)句中。 We have already finished our homework 我們已完成作業(yè)了。我們已完成作業(yè)了。 Have you finished your homework yet? Not yet.你已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)了嗎你已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)了嗎? - I have never been to the Great Wall. 我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。2.副詞副詞ever 和和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)。多用于否定或疑問(wèn) 句中，表示句中，表示“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)”或或“從未從未“等。等。 如如: - Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎?He has been there twice the past few years. 近幾年他去過(guò)那里兩次了。近幾年他去過(guò)那里兩次了。3. 用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 如如 : just, before, up to now, the past few yearsso far, by now等。等。如如: I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見過(guò)。我以前見過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見過(guò)。他剛來(lái)他剛來(lái).He has just come.How many English words have you learnt so far?迄今為止，你學(xué)了多少英語(yǔ)單詞？迄今為止，你學(xué)了多少英語(yǔ)單詞？B.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始，以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始， 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi),也許還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）的（段）也許還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）的（段）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。共有以下幾種情況：與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。共有以下幾種情況：與 for + 表示一段時(shí)間的詞組連用；表示一段時(shí)間的詞組連用； since + 表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句連用。表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句連用。例如：例如： 1.我做教師已有二十年了。我做教師已有二十年了。 2.她在這家工廠工作十年了。她在這家工廠工作十年了。3.她自從去年九月起就在這所學(xué)校。她自從去年九月起就在這所學(xué)校。 4.自從三年前他就住在倫敦。自從三年前他就住在倫敦。 Ive been a teacher for twenty years.Shes worked in the factory for ten years. Shes been at this school since last September.Hes lived in London since three years ago.常見的常見的短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換如下：動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換如下： 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞come be here/ be indie be deadborrow keep join be a +.（成員（成員.member ）/be in+組織組織 buy haveleave be away begin be onfinish be over leave be away注意：注意：在上述句型的肯定句中，不可用短暫性動(dòng)詞（表示在上述句型的肯定句中，不可用短暫性動(dòng)詞（表示動(dòng)作短暫不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞）作謂語(yǔ)，而應(yīng)改為相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作短暫不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞）作謂語(yǔ)，而應(yīng)改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：他已到達(dá)。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：他已到達(dá)。 He has arrived. 他已到達(dá)四天。他已到達(dá)四天。He has been here for four days. 或或 He arrived here four days ago. 1.他已經(jīng)來(lái)了。他已經(jīng)來(lái)了。2.他來(lái)這兒他來(lái)這兒/北京有兩個(gè)月了。北京有兩個(gè)月了。.3.這位老人已經(jīng)逝世。這位老人已經(jīng)逝世。4.這位老人已經(jīng)逝世一年多了。這位老人已經(jīng)逝世一年多了。5.李雷已經(jīng)從圖書館借了這本書。李雷已經(jīng)從圖書館借了這本書。6.李雷從圖書館借這本書一周了。李雷從圖書館借這本書一周了。7. 凱特已經(jīng)買了一輛自行車。凱特已經(jīng)買了一輛自行車。凱特買了這輛自行車已經(jīng)兩周了。凱特買了這輛自行車已經(jīng)兩周了。8. 火車已經(jīng)離開了?；疖囈呀?jīng)離開了?；疖囯x開很久了?；疖囯x開很久了。 He has come.He has been here (in Beijing) for 2 monthsThis old man has died.This old man has been dead for over one year.Li Lei has borrowed the book from the school library.Li Lei has kept the book from the school library for a week. Kate has bought a bike.Kate has had the bike for two weeks.The train has left.The train has been away for a long time.改寫下列各句：改寫下列各句：1.His uncle died 2 years ago.2.Her mother has been a party member for 3 years.3.He left here two days ago.4.He has been a worker for 3 years.5.I have taught French in this school for 2years.His uncle has been dead for 2years. His uncle has been dead since 2 years ago.Her mother joined the party 3years ago.Her mother has been a party member since 3years agoHe has been away from here for 2 days.He has been away from here since 2 days ago.He has been a worker since 3 years ago.He became a worker 3 years ago.I began to teach in this 2 years ago.Making sentencesMr.Wu.Wu asks the students to complete the asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect sentences below using the present perfect tense.Helptense.Help them complete the sentences. them complete the sentences.1.1.They_(finishThey_(finish) their homework.) their homework.2.2.Mr. And Mr. And Mrs.LiMrs.Li _(not come) _(not come) back yet.back yet.3.3.John_ (play) this computer game John_ (play) this computer game a few timesa few times. .4.4.We _ (not We _ (not see)thatsee)that film yet film yet5.5.MrMr Dong _ (repair) over ten Dong _ (repair) over ten bikes since last Friday.bikes since last Friday.6.6.You _ (not You _ (not visit)mevisit)me for a for a long time.long time.have finishedhave not comehas playedhave not seenhas repairedhave not visitedJapanBritainHawaiiMr Wangoncetwicenext monthMrs Wangtwo weeks ago oncefive years agoAunt Pauline nonext summer two days ago1.Who has already been to Japan?2.Who has never been to Japan?3.Who has just been to Japan?4.Who has already been to Britain?5.Who has not been to Britain yet?6.Who has not been to Hawaii yet?7.Who has just been to Hawaii?8.Who has already been to Hawaii?Ask and answer 表示表示曾去過(guò)某處曾去過(guò)某處have / has been的用法以及的用法以及它們?cè)谝蓡?wèn)句、否定句中與它們?cè)谝蓡?wèn)句、否定句中與ever、never連用。連用。例如：例如： We have been to Qingdao . 我們我們?nèi)ミ^(guò)去過(guò)青青島。島。 She has been to Sanya. 她她去過(guò)去過(guò)三三亞。亞。表示表示某人去某處某人去某處（還沒有回來(lái)還沒有回來(lái)）用）用have / has gone，例如：例如：Who has gone to Beijing? 誰(shuí)誰(shuí)去了去了北京？北京？Her mother has gone to Hawaii. 她媽媽她媽媽去了去了夏威夷了。夏威夷了。have been (to)have gone (to) have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地某地, 說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能能 不在那里不在那里, 已經(jīng)回來(lái)已經(jīng)回來(lái). 側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了”某地某地, 說(shuō)話時(shí)此人說(shuō)話時(shí)此人 在那里，或可能在路上在那里，或可能在路上, 反正不在這里。反正不在這里。have / has been (in) 表示表示“來(lái)來(lái)/去某地去某地(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)”, 現(xiàn)在仍在現(xiàn)在仍在 那兒，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。那兒，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 He has been to Beijing (twice). 他曾去過(guò)北京他曾去過(guò)北京(兩次兩次).He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京他已經(jīng)去了北京.He has been in Beijing for three weeks. 他已經(jīng)來(lái)他已經(jīng)來(lái)/去北京三個(gè)去北京三個(gè)周了。周了。1.1.你去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎你去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎2. 他爸爸去了廣州了。他爸爸去了廣州了。3.3.你爸爸去過(guò)頤和園嗎？你爸爸去過(guò)頤和園嗎？4.我們從來(lái)沒有去過(guò)北海公園。我們從來(lái)沒有去過(guò)北海公園。5.5.李雷在哪兒？他到圖書館去了。李雷在哪兒？他到圖書館去了。6.6.他從來(lái)沒有去過(guò)大連。他從來(lái)沒有去過(guò)大連。Have you ever been to the Great Wall?Has your father been to the Summer Palace? We have never been to the Beihai Park.He has never been to Dalian.His father has gone to Guangzhou. Where is Li Lei? He has gone to the library 7.他在這兒他在這兒/北京有兩個(gè)月了。北京有兩個(gè)月了。8. 他父親已經(jīng)入黨二十多年了。他父親已經(jīng)入黨二十多年了。His father has been in the Party for over 20 years. His father has been a Party member for over 20 years. He has been here (in Beijing) for 2 months. 中考鏈接一一.選擇填空選擇填空 1、Uncle Dong is _from time to time because he misses his old friends.A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. unkind2、Mr and Mrs Black _ back _.A. hasnt come, yet B. havent come , yet C. havent , come already D. hasnt come , already3、We havent seen each other _.A. for a long time B. two days ago C. for two days ago D. a long time ago.4、It has been in service _ 1998.A. in B. at C. or D. since5、It _ seven years _ Hong Kong return to China. A. was, since B. is, since C. was, after D. is , after6、- Where are Mike and Jack?- They _ the library.A. have gone B. have been to C. has been to D. has gone to7、There is a new bridge _ Sunshine Bridge.A. call B. to call C. called D. calling.8.I _ you a happy holiday.A. hope B. wish C. want D. like9.I enjoy _ my friends on the internet on Sundays.A. chat B. chatting C. chatting to D. chatting with.10.In a dictionary which is always before tram.A. train B. try C. tree D. true11.The place _ be the home of wild red cranes.A. is used to B. used to C. is used D. was used to12.We hope you _ a happy holiday in Hong Kong.A. to have B. having C. had D. will have13.The old man was not _ to climb up the hill.A. healthy B. enough healthy C. health enough D. healthy enough14.- _ you _ the book _ to the library yet. - Yes. I have.A. Have ，returned，/ B. Have， returned， back C. Did return ，/ D. Did， return，back15.He has _ finished his homework. Hes now _ a rest.A. yet, having B. just, has C. ever, has D. already, having.動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. He _ it last week. 3. How many times _3. How many times _you_(beyou_(be) there? ) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(7.Mr Chen _(give)upgive)up smoking last year. smoking last year.8.Mr 8.Mr chenchen _(give) up smoking since last year. _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given1.他在這兒住了十年了他在這兒住了十年了.2.自從離開學(xué)校到現(xiàn)在我寫過(guò)兩封信給他自從離開學(xué)校到現(xiàn)在我寫過(guò)兩封信給他.3.我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化.4.我剛剛到這里我剛剛到這里.他剛才也在這里他剛才也在這里,但是現(xiàn)在他去圖書館但是現(xiàn)在他去圖書館了了.5.自兩年前到現(xiàn)在我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京兩次自兩年前到現(xiàn)在我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京兩次. 6.他在北京呆了兩個(gè)月他在北京呆了兩個(gè)月.He has lived here for ten years.I have written to him twice since I left school.Great changes have taken place in our hometown .I have just arrived here. He was here just now. But now he has gone to the library.I have been to Beijing twice since two years ago.He has been in Beijing for two months.7.我上周感冒了我上周感冒了.我從上周以來(lái)就感冒了我從上周以來(lái)就感冒了8.我還沒收到他的來(lái)信我還沒收到他的來(lái)信.I caught a cold last week.I have had a cold since last week.I havent heard from him yet.