油缸-齒輪轉位刀架的設計【含6張CAD圖帶開題報告-獨家】.zip

油缸-齒輪轉位刀架的設計【含6張CAD圖帶開題報告-獨家】.zip,含6張CAD圖帶開題報告-獨家,油缸,齒輪,刀架,設計,CAD,開題,報告,獨家 目 錄 1 英文文獻翻譯 1 1.1Hydraulic Station and the development of hydraulic components Profiles 1 1.2中文翻譯 8 2專業(yè)閱讀書目 12 2.1機械制造基礎 12 2.2機械原理 12 2.3機械設計 13 2.4現(xiàn)代工程圖學 13 2.5機電傳動控制 14 2.6材料力學 14 2.7互換性與技術測量 14 2.8理論力學 15 2.9機械設計課程設計 15 2.10機械制造技術 16 1 英文文獻翻譯 1.1Hydraulic Station and the development of hydraulic components Profiles Hydraulic Pump Station also known as the stations are independent h- ydraulic device. It requested by the oil gradually. And controlling the hydraulic oil flow direction, pressure and flow rate, applied to the mainframe and hy- draulic devices separability of hydraulic machinery. Users will be provided after the purchase hydraulic station and host of implementing agencies (motor oil or fuel tanks) connected with tubing, Hydraulic machinery can be realized from these movements and the work cycle. Hydraulic pump station is installed, Manifold or valve combination, t- anks, a combination of electrical boxes. Functional components : Pump device -- is equipped with motors and pumps, hydraulic station is the source of power. to mechanical energy into hydraulic oil pressure can be. Manifold -- from hydraulic valve body and channel assembled. Right direction for implementation of hydraulic oil, pressure and flow control. Valve portfolio -- plate valve is installed in up board after board conn- ects with the same functional IC. Tank -- plate welding semi-closed containers, also loaded with oil filtering network, air filters, used oil, oil filters and cooling. Electrical boxes -- at the two patterns. A set of external fuse terminal plate; distribution of a full range of electrical control. Hydraulic Station principle : motor driven pump rotation, which pump oil absorption from the oil tank. to mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure to the station, hydraulic oil through Manifold (or valve combinations) realized the direction, pressure, After adjusting flow pipe and external to the cylinder hydraulic machinery or motor oil, so as to control the direction of the motive fluid transformation force the size and speed the pace of promoting the various acting hydraulic machinery. A development course China Hydraulic (including hydraulic, the same below), pneumatic and seals industrial development process can be broadly divided into three phases, namely : 20 early 1950s to the early 1960s, the initial stage; 60's and 70 for specialized production system ;80~90's growth stage for the rapid development stage. Which, hydraulic industry in the early 1950s from the machine tool industry production of fake Su-grinder, broaching machine, copying lathe, and other hydraulic drive started, Hydraulic Components from the plant hydraulic machine shop, self-occupied. After entering the 1960s, the application of hydraulic technology from the machine gradually extended to the agricultural machinery and mechanical engineering fields, attached to the original velocity of hydraulic shop some stand out as pieces of hydraulic professional production. To the late 1960s, early 1970s, with the development of mechanized production, especially in the second automobile factory in providing efficient, automated equipment, along with the Hydraulic Components manufacturing has experienced rapid development of the situation, a group of SMEs have become professional hydraulic parts factory. 1968 China's annual output of hydraulic components have nearly 200,000 in 1973, machine tools, agricultural machinery, mechanical engineering industries, the production of hydraulic parts factory has been the professional development of more than 100 and an annual output more than one million. an independent hydraulic manufacturing industry has begun to take shape. Then, hydraulic pieces of fake products from the Soviet Union for the introduction of the product development and technical design combining the products to the pressure, Hypertension, and the development of the electro-hydraulic servo valves and systems, hydraulic application areas further expanded. Aerodynamic than the start of the industrial hydraulic years later, in 1967 began to establish professional pneumatic components factory, Pneumatic Components only as commodity production and sales. Sealed with rubber and plastics, mechanical seals and sealing flexible graphite sealing industry, the early 1950s from the production ordinary O-rings. rubber and plastics extrusion, such as oil seal sealing and seal asbestos products start to the early 1960s, begun production of mechanical seals and flexible graphite sealing products. 1970s, the burning of the former Ministry, a Ministry, the Ministry of Agricultural Mechanization System, a group of professional production plants have been established, and the official establishment of industries to seal industrial development has laid the foundation for growth. Since the 1980s, in the country's reform and opening up policy guidelines, with the development of the machinery industry, based mainframe pieces behind the conflicts have become increasingly prominent and attracted the attention of the relevant departments. To this end, the Ministry of the original one in 1982, formed the basis of common pieces of Industry, will be scattered in the original machine tools, agricultural machinery, mechanical engineering industries centralized hydraulic, pneumatic and seals specialized factories, placing them under common management infrastructure pieces Bureau, so that the industry in the planning, investment, technology and scientific research and development in areas such as infrastructure pieces Bureau of guidance and support. Since then entered a phase of rapid development, has introduced more than 60 items of advanced technology from abroad, including more than 40 items of hydraulic, pneumatic 7. After digestion and absorption and transformation, now have mass production, and industry-leading products. In recent years, the industry increased the technological transformation efforts, in 1991, Local enterprises and the self-financing total input of about 20 billion yuan, of which more than 1.6 billion yuan Hydraulic. Through technological transformation and technology research, and a number of major enterprises to further improve the level of technology, technique and equipment to be greatly improved. In order to form a higher starting point, specialization, and run production has laid a good foundation. In recent years, many countries in the development of common ownership guidelines, under different ownership SMEs rapid rise showing great vitality. With the further opening up, three-funded enterprises rapid development of industry standards for improving and expanding exports play an important role. Today, China has and the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries famous manufacturers joint ventures or wholly-owned by foreign manufacturers to establish a piston pump / motor, planetary reduction gears, steering gear, hydraulic control valve, hydraulic system, hydrostatic transmission, hydraulic Casting. pneumatic control valve, cylinder, gas processing triple pieces, mechanical seals, rubber and seal products more than 50 production enterprises, attracting foreign investment over 200 million U.S. dollars. Second, the current situation (1) Basic Profiles After 40 years of efforts, China hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industry has formed a relatively complete categories. a certain level of technical capacity and the industrial system. According to the 1995 Third National Industrial Census statistics, hydraulic, Pneumatic seals and industrial 370,000 annual sales income of 100 million yuan in state-owned, village-run, private and cooperative enterprises, individual, "three capital" enterprises with a total of more than 1,300, of which about 700 hydraulic, Pneumatic seals and the approximately 300 thousand. By 1996 with the international trade statistics, the total output value of China's industry hydraulic 2.348 billion yuan, accounting for the world's 6; Pneumatic industry output 419 million yuan, accounting for world No. 10. (2) the current supply and demand profiles Through the introduction of technology, independent development and technological innovation, and high-pressure piston pump, gear pumps, vane pump, General Motors hydraulic valves, tanks, Non-lubricated aerodynamic pieces and various seals of the first large technology products has increased noticeably. stability of the mass production may, for various mainframe products provide a level of assurance. In addition, hydraulic and pneumatic components of the CAD system, pollution control, proportional servo technology has scored some achievements, and is already in production. Currently, hydraulic, pneumatic and seals products total about 3,000 species, more than 23,000 specifications. Among them, there are 1,200 hydraulic varieties, more than 10,000 specifications (including hydraulic products 60 varieties 500 specifications); Pneumatic are 1,350 varieties, more than 8,000 specifications; Rubber seal 350 species more than 5,000 specifications have been basically cater to the different types of mainframe products to the general needs, complete sets of equipment for major varieties of matching rate was over 60%, and started a small amount of exports. 1998 pieces of homemade hydraulic output 4.8 million. sales of about 28 billion (of which about 70% mechanical systems); aerodynamic pieces yield 3.6 million. sales of about 5.5 billion (of which about 60% of mechanical systems); Seals output of about 800 million. sales of about 10 billion (of which about 50% mechanical systems). According to the China Hydraulic Pneumatic Seals Industry Association 1998 annual report, hydraulic product sales rate of 97. 5% (101% for hydraulic), pneumatic 95.9%, 98.7% sealed. This fully reflects the basic marketing convergence. My hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industry has attained a great deal of progress, but with mainframe development needs, and the world's advanced level, there are still many gaps, mainly reflected in the product variety, performance and reliability, and so on. Hydraulic products as an example, products abroad only one-third, life for half abroad. In order to meet key mainframe, and mainframe imports of major technology and equipment needs, every year a large number of hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing products imports. According to customs statistics and the analysis of data, in 1998 hydraulic, pneumatic and seals in the import about 200 million U.S. dollars, Hydraulic which about 1.4 billion dollars, aerodynamic nearly 030 million U.S. dollars, sealed about 030 million U.S. dollars. compared with a slight decline in 1997. By sums, currently imported products on the domestic market share of about 30%. 1998 pieces of the domestic market demand for hydraulic total of about six million, the total sales of nearly 40 billion; aerodynamic pieces of the total demand of about 5 million, with sales more than 700 million yuan; Seals total demand of about 1.1 billion. total sales of about 1.3 billion. Third, the development trend of the future 1, affect the development of the main factors (1) product development ability, and the level of technological development and speed can not completely meet the advanced mainframe products, major equipment and technology imported equipment and maintenance support; (2) the number of enterprises manufacturing technology, the level of equipment and management standards are comparatively backward, coupled with a strong sense of quality, resulting in low levels of product performance, quality, Reliability poor services in a timely manner, lack of user satisfaction and trust of the brand-name products; (3) industry specialization of production low, scattered strength, low repeat serious, between regions and enterprises of convergence products, blindly compete with each other, driving down prices, the decline of enterprise returns, lack of funds, liquidity difficulties, product development and technological transformation is inadequate and seriously restricted the industry to improve the overall level of competition and the increase of strength; (4) The internationalization of the domestic market and the increasing degree of foreign companies have entered the Chinese market and participate in competition with the domestic private and cooperative enterprises, individuals, foreign-funded enterprises, such as the rise of state-owned enterprises due to the growing impact. 2, the development trend As the socialist market economy continues to deepen, hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing products in the market supply and demand and there is a greater change, long ago to a "shortage" of the seller's market has basically become a "structural surplus" of the characteristics of the buyer's market place . Overall capacity, is already in oversupply situation, in particular the general low level of hydraulic, pneumatic and seals, the general oversupply; and the host of urgent high-tech high-parameter, high value-added high-end products, and they do not satisfy the market needs, only dependent on imports. China joins the WTO, its impact may be even greater. Therefore, the "15" during the growth of the output value of industry, must not depend on volume growth and the industry should address the structural problems of their own, increase the intensity of the adjustment of the industrial structure and product mix, is, we should rely on the improvement of quality, and promote technical upgrading of products to meet market demand and stimulating, seek greater development.  1.2中文翻譯 液壓站和液壓元件的開發(fā) 液壓站又稱液壓泵站，是獨立的液壓裝置。 它按逐級要求供油。并控制液壓油流的方向、壓力和流量，適用于主機與液壓裝置可分離的各種液壓機械上。 用戶購后只要將液壓站與主機上的執(zhí)行機構（油缸或油馬達）用油管相連，液壓機械即可實現(xiàn)各種規(guī)定的動作和工作循環(huán)。 液壓站是由泵裝置、集成塊或閥組合、油箱、電氣盒組合而成。各部件功能為： 泵裝置－－上裝有電機和油泵，是液壓站的動力源，將機械能轉化為液壓油的壓力能。 集成塊－－由液壓閥及通道體組裝而成。對液壓油實行方向、壓力和流量調節(jié)。 閥組合－－板式閥裝在立板上，板后管連接，與集成塊功能相同。 油箱－－板焊的半封閉容器，上還裝有濾油網、空氣濾清器等，用來儲油、油的冷卻及過濾。 電氣盒－－分兩種型式。一種設置外接引線的端子板；一種配置了全套控制電器。 液壓站的工作原理：電機帶動油泵轉動，泵從油箱中吸油供油，將機械能轉化為液壓站的壓力能，液壓油通過集成塊（或閥組合）實現(xiàn)了方向、壓力、流量調節(jié)后經外接管路并至液壓機械的油缸或油馬達中，從而控制液動機方向的變換、力量的大小及速度的快慢，推動各種液壓機械做功。 一、發(fā)展歷程 我國液壓（含液力，下同）、氣動和密封件工業(yè)發(fā)展歷程，大致可分為三個階段，即：20世紀50年代初到60年代初為起步階段；60~70年代為專業(yè)化生產體系成長階段；80~90年代為快速發(fā)展階段。其中，液壓工業(yè)于50年代初從機床行業(yè)生產仿蘇的磨床、拉床、仿形車床等液壓傳動起步，液壓元件由機床廠的液壓車間生產，自產自用。進入60年代后，液壓技術的應用從機床逐漸推廣到農業(yè)機械和工程機械等領域，原來附屬于主機廠的液壓車間有的獨立出來，成為液壓件專業(yè)生產廠。到了60年代末、70年代初，隨著生產機械化的發(fā)展，特別是在為第二汽車制造廠等提供高效、自動化設備的帶動下，液壓元件制造業(yè)出現(xiàn)了迅速發(fā)展的局面，一批中小企業(yè)也成為液壓件專業(yè)制造廠。1968年中國液壓元件年產量已接近20萬件；1973年在機床、農機、工程機械等行業(yè)，生產液壓件的專業(yè)廠已發(fā)展到100余家，年產量超過100萬件，一個獨立的液壓件制造業(yè)已初步形成。這時，液壓件產品已從仿蘇產品發(fā)展為引進技術與自行設計相結合的產品，壓力向中、高壓發(fā)展，并開發(fā)了電液伺服閥及系統(tǒng)，液壓應用領域進一步擴大。氣動工業(yè)的起步比液壓稍晚幾年，到1967年開始建立氣動元件專業(yè)廠，氣動元件才作為商品生產和銷售。含橡塑密封、機械密封和柔性石墨密封的密封件工業(yè)，50年代初從生產普通O型圈、油封等擠壓橡塑密封和石棉密封制品起步，到60年代初，開始研制生產機械密封和柔性石墨密封等制品。70年代，在原燃化部、一機部、農機部所屬系統(tǒng)內，一批專業(yè)生產廠相繼成立，并正式形成行業(yè)，為密封件工業(yè)的發(fā)展成長奠定了基礎。 進入80年代，在國家改革開放的方針指引下，隨著機械工業(yè)的發(fā)展，基礎件滯后于主機的矛盾日益突出，并引起各有關部門的重視。為此，原一機部于1982年組建了通用基礎件工業(yè)局，將原有分散在機床、農業(yè)機械、工程機械等行業(yè)歸口的液壓、氣動和密封件專業(yè)廠，統(tǒng)一劃歸通用基礎件局管理，從而使該行業(yè)在規(guī)劃、投資、引進技術和科研開發(fā)等方面得到基礎件局的指導和支持。從此進入了快速發(fā)展期，先后引進了60余項國外先進技術，其中液壓40余項、氣動7項，經消化吸收和技術改造，現(xiàn)均已批量生產，并成為行業(yè)的主導產品。近年來，行業(yè)加大了技術改造力度，1991-1998年國家、地方和企業(yè)自籌資金總投入共約20多億元，其中液壓16億多元。經過技術改造和技術攻關，一批主要企業(yè)技術水平進一步提高，工藝裝備得到很大改善，為形成高起點、專業(yè)化、批量生產打下了良好基礎。近幾年，在國家多種所有制共同發(fā)展的方針指引下，不同所有制的中小企業(yè)迅猛崛起，呈現(xiàn)出勃勃生機。隨著國家進一步開放，三資企業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，對提高行業(yè)水平和擴大出口起著重要作用。目前我國已和美國、日本、德國等國著名廠商合資或由外國廠商獨資建立了柱塞泵/馬達、行星減速機、轉向器、液壓控制閥、液壓系統(tǒng)、靜液壓傳動裝置、液壓件鑄造、氣動控制閥、氣缸、氣源處理三聯(lián)件、機械密封、橡塑密封等類產品生產企業(yè)50多家，引進外資2億多美元。 二、目前狀況 (1)基本概況 經過40多年的努力，我國液壓、氣動和密封件行業(yè)已形成了一個門類比較齊全，有一定生產能力和技術水平的工業(yè)體系。據(jù)1995年全國第三次工業(yè)普查統(tǒng)計，我國液壓、氣動和密封件工業(yè)鄉(xiāng)及鄉(xiāng)以上年銷售收入在100萬元以上的國營、村辦、私營、合作經營、個體、“三資”等企業(yè)共有1300余家，其中液壓約700家，氣動和密封件各約300余家。按1996年國際同行業(yè)統(tǒng)計，我國液壓行業(yè)總產值23.48億元，占世界第6位；氣動行業(yè)總產值4.19億元，占世界第10位?！　? (2)當前供需概況 　通過技術引進，自主開發(fā)和技術改造，高壓柱塞泵、齒輪泵、葉片泵、通用液壓閥門、油缸、無油潤滑氣動件和各類密封件第一大批產品的技術水平有了明顯的提高，并可穩(wěn)定的批量生產，為各類主機提高產品水平提供了保證。另外，在液壓氣動元件和系統(tǒng)的CAD、污染控制、比例伺服技術等方面也取得一定成果，并已用于生產。目前，液壓、氣動和密封件產品總計約有3000個品種、23000多個規(guī)格。其中，液壓有1200個品種、10000多個規(guī)格（含液力產品60個品種、500個規(guī)格）；氣動有1350個品種、8000多個規(guī)格；橡塑密封有350個品種、5000多個規(guī)格，已基本能適應各類主機產品的一般需要，為重大成套裝備的品種配套率也可達60%以上，并開始有少量出口。 　1998年國產液壓件產量480萬件，銷售額約28億元（其中機械系統(tǒng)約占70%）；氣動件產量360萬件，銷售額約5.5億元（其中機械系統(tǒng)約占60%）；密封件產量約8億件，銷售額約10億元（其中機械系統(tǒng)約占50%）。據(jù)中國液壓氣動密封件工業(yè)協(xié)會1998年年報統(tǒng)計，液壓產品產銷率為97 .5%（液力為101%），氣動為95.9%，密封為98.7%。這充分反映了產銷基本銜接。 我國液壓、氣動和密封工業(yè)雖取得了很大的進步，但與主機發(fā)展需求，以及和世界先進水平相比，還存在不少差距，主要反映在產品品種、性能和可靠性等方面。以液壓產品為例，產品品種只有國外的1/3，壽命為國外的1/2。為了滿足重點主機、進口主機以及重大技術裝備的需要，每年都有大量的液壓、氣動和密封產品進口。據(jù)海關統(tǒng)計及有關資料分析，1998年液壓、氣動和密封件產品的進口額約2億美元，其中液壓約1.4億美元，氣動近0.3億美元，密封約0.3億美元，比1997年稍有下降。按金額計，目前進口產品的國內市場占有率約為30%。1998年國內市場液壓件需求總量約600萬件，銷售總額近40億元；氣動件需求總量約500萬件，銷售總額7億多元；密封件需求總量約11億件，銷售總額約13億元?！　? 三、今后發(fā)展走勢 1、影響發(fā)展的主要因素 (1)企業(yè)產品開發(fā)能力不強，技術開發(fā)的水平和速度不能完全滿足先進主機產品、重大技術裝備和進口設備的配套和維修需要； (2)不少企業(yè)的制造工藝、裝備水平和管理水平都較落后，加上質量意識不強，導致產品性能水平低、質量不穩(wěn)定、可靠性差，服務不及時，缺乏使用戶滿意和信賴的名牌產品； (3)行業(yè)內生產專業(yè)化程度低，力量分散，低水平重復嚴重，地區(qū)和企業(yè)之間產品趨同，盲目競爭，相互壓價，使企業(yè)效益下降，資金缺乏、周轉困難，產品開發(fā)和技術改造投入不足，嚴重地制約了行業(yè)整體水平的提高以及競爭實力的增強； (4)國內市場國際化程度日益提高，國外公司紛紛進入中國市場參與競爭，加上國內私營、合作經營、個體、三資等企業(yè)的崛起，給國有企業(yè)造成愈來愈大的沖擊。 2、發(fā)展走勢 隨著社會主義市場經濟的不斷深化，液壓、氣動和密封產品的市場供求關系發(fā)生較大變化，長期來以“短缺”為特征的賣方市場已基本成為以“結構性過?！睘樘卣鞯馁I方市場所取代。從總體能力看，已處于供大于求的態(tài)勢，特別是一般低檔次液壓、氣動和密封件，普遍供過于求；而主機急需的技術含量高的高參數(shù)、高附加值的高檔產品，又不能滿足市場需要，只能依賴于進口。在我國加入WTO后，其沖擊有可能更大。因此，“十五”期間行業(yè)產值的增長，決不能依賴于量的增長，而應針對行業(yè)自身的結構性矛盾，加大力度，調整產業(yè)結構和產品結構，也就是應依靠質的提高，促進產品技術升級，以適應和拉動市場需求，求得更大的發(fā)展。 2專業(yè)閱讀書目 2.1機械制造基礎 內容摘要： 本書根據(jù)高等教育人才培養(yǎng)目標及規(guī)格要求進行編寫。在吸收近年來高等教 育教學改革經驗的基礎上，根據(jù)企業(yè)生產線對應用型高等技術人才在機械制造技 術方面的技能要求，結合機械制造技術的發(fā)展趨勢，將傳統(tǒng)教材《金屬切削原理 與刀具》、《金屬切削機床》、《機械制造工藝學》、《機床夾具設計》、《數(shù) 控技術》等的相關內容有機地結合在一起，以項目、課題、案例為主線。本書內 容涵蓋有:金屬切削加工基本定義、機械加工工藝規(guī)程制訂、典型零件加工工藝、 機械加工質量分析、裝配工藝基礎、機床夾具設計基礎、常用機械加工方法及其 裝備、數(shù)控加工工藝、現(xiàn)代加工技術九個項目。可供高等院校機電類專業(yè)使用， 也可作為普通高等院校及有關工程技術人員參考。每個項目后附有知識點、技能 點、課題分析、相關知識及項目驅動題目，可使廣大讀者更好地掌握所學的知識 和技能。 2.2機械原理 內容摘要： 本書除緒論外共十三章，包括機構的結構分析、平面機構的運動分析、平面 連桿機構及其設計、凸輪機構及其設計、齒輪機構及其設計、輪系及其設計、其 他常用機構、機械運動方案的擬定、平面機構的力分析、平面機構的平衡、機器 的機械效率、機器的運轉及其速度波動的調節(jié)、計算機在機構分析和綜合中的應 用。此外，書未還附有各章思考題和習題以及常用的圖表?！稒C械原理》是一門 介紹各類機械產品中常用機構設計的基本知識、基本理論和基本方法的重要技術 基礎課程?！稒C械原理》以高等學校機械類專業(yè)的學生為對象，以機構系統(tǒng)運動 方案設計為主線，面向產品設計，強調學科之間的交叉融合，注重相關課程教學 內容的邊界再設計，通過啟發(fā)創(chuàng)新思維，培養(yǎng)學生主動實踐的工程設計能力?！稒C 械原理》重點討論連桿機構、凸輪機構、齒輪機構、間歇機構等常用機構的設計 和機構系統(tǒng)動力學、機構創(chuàng)新設計的一般規(guī)律和方法，將設計基本知識、基本理 論與設計方法有機地融合，通過理論學習與不斷實踐加強創(chuàng)新思維和工程設計能 力的訓練，為機械產品創(chuàng)新設計提供必要的基礎知識與方法。(魏兵，熊禾根. 機械原理[M].武漢:華中科技大學出版社，2007) 2.3機械設計 內容摘要： 機械設計(machinedesign)，根據(jù)用戶的使用要求對專用機械的工作原理、結 構、運動方式、力和能量的傳遞方式、各個零件的材料和形狀尺寸、潤滑方法等 進行構思、分析和計算并。機械設計，將其轉化為具體的描述以作為制造依據(jù)的 工作過程。機械設計是機械工程的重要組成部分，是機械生產的第一一步，是快 定機械性能的最主要的因素。機械設計的努力目標是:在各種限定的條件(如材 料、加工能力、理論知識和計算手段等)下設計出最好的機械，即做出優(yōu)化設計。優(yōu)化設計需要綜合地考慮許多要求，一般有:最好工作性能、最低制造成本、最 小尺寸和重量、使用中最可靠性、最低消耗和最少環(huán)境污染。這些要求常是互相 矛盾的，而且它們之間的相對重要性因機械種類和用途的不同而異。設計者的任 務是按具體情況權衡輕重，統(tǒng)籌兼顧，使設計的機械有最優(yōu)的綜合技術經濟效果。 過去，設計的優(yōu)化主要依靠設計者的知識、經驗和遠見。隨著機械工程基礎理論 和價值工程、系統(tǒng)分析等新學科的發(fā)展，制造和使用的技術經濟數(shù)據(jù)資料的積累， 以及計算機的推廣應用，優(yōu)化逐漸舍棄主觀判斷而依靠科學計算。(王為，旺建 曉.機械設計[M].武漢:華中科技大學出版社，2007) 2.4現(xiàn)代工程圖學 內容摘要： 本書是全國教育科學“十五”規(guī)劃教育部重點課題的研究成果，是根據(jù)教育 部2005年制定的“普通高等院校工程圖學課程教學基本要求”，并總結作者多 年來教學改革的經驗編寫而成的，是2007年江蘇省高等學校立項精品教材。全 書共10章，主要內容包括制圖基本知識、正投影法基礎、立體的投影、組合體 的視圖、軸測圖、機件常用表達方法、標準零件與常用零件、零件圖、裝配圖、 計算機繪圖。與本書配套的《現(xiàn)代工程圖學習題集》同時由清華大學出版社出版。 多元一體，融漢語、英語和德語教學于一體。本書突出應用型特色，注重立體構 形能力、圖視思維表達能力、自主學習能力和專業(yè)外語交流能力的培養(yǎng)。(趙大 興，高成慧，趙成剛.現(xiàn)代工程圖學[M].武漢:湖北科學技術出版社，2006) 2.5機電傳動控制 內容摘要： 《機電傳動控制》是2001年高等教育出版社出版的一本圖書。該書緊密結 合典型機電自動控制系統(tǒng)，詳細介紹了控制系統(tǒng)的組成以及設計方法。既有常用 的電氣控制方法，又有先進的控制技術。具有系統(tǒng)性、實用性和先進性。全書除 緒論和附錄外共分5章，第1章機電傳動斷續(xù)控制，第2章可編程序控制器(PLC) 及其應用，第3章步進電動機傳動控制，第4章機電傳動速度連續(xù)控制，第5 章機電傳動伺服系統(tǒng)。每章末均有思考題和習題。該書是高等工科院校機械工程 及自動化專業(yè)的系列教材之一，也可供機電相關專業(yè)選用及有關科研和工程技術 人員參考。 2.6材料力學 內容摘要： 劉鴻文浙江大學教授。長期從事固體力學教學工作。曾任教育部教材編審委 員會委員，國家教委(教育部)工科力學課程教學指導委員會主任委員兼材料力學 課程教學指導組組長。1989年被授子全國優(yōu)秀教師。1991年起享受政府特殊 津貼。杭州市第六屆人大代表，浙江省第四屆政協(xié)常委，全國政協(xié)第六、七、八 屆委員。全書分I、11兩冊，共分18章。第1冊包含了材料力學課程中的基本 內容，內容包括:緒論，拉伸、壓縮與剪切，扭轉，彎曲內力，彎曲應力，彎曲 變形，應力和應變分析，強度理論，組合變形，壓桿穩(wěn)定，動載荷，交變應力， 平面圖形的幾何性質等。第11冊包含了材料力學課程較深入的內容，內容包括: 彎曲的幾個補充問題，能量方法，超靜定結構，平面曲桿，厚壁圓簡和旋轉圈盤， 矩陣位移法，桿件的塑性變形等。(劉鴻文.材料力學[M].北京高等教育出版社， 2009) 2.7互換性與技術測量 內容摘要： 本書根據(jù)“互換性與技術測量”課程學時壓縮的情況，編寫時盡量貫徹既完 整全面又簡潔實用的思想。其主要內容包括:互換性與標準化概論、圓柱體結合 尺寸精度的控制與評定、測量技術基礎、幾何公差及檢測、表面輪廓特征的控制 與評定、典型零部件的幾何精度設計、圓柱齒輪傳動誤差的評定與齒輪的精度設 計、機械系統(tǒng)的精度設計和機械精度設計與實例分析。附錄中還列出“常用詞匯 中英文對照”和若干工程示意圖，書中所有工程實例可利用索引查找，并為任課 教師免費提供電子課件。本書是機械工程及其自動化專業(yè)的教學用書，也可以作 為近機類專業(yè)如輕工機械、化工機械等專業(yè)的教學用書，同時可供科研及生產單 位從事產品設計和計量測試等工作的工程技術人員使用。(陳于萍，周兆元.互換