高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題6 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課件 新人教版

路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)人教版人教版 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)第二部分第二部分專(zhuān)題六情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題六情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第二部分第二部分知知 識(shí)識(shí) 清清 單單2考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 警警 示示3考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 透透 析析1考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 透透 析析 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在最近幾年的高考語(yǔ)法填空中還沒(méi)有直接考查過(guò)，但這并不意味著今后也不會(huì)考。另外，熟練掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，對(duì)準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)法填空、完形填空、閱讀理解、聽(tīng)力理解中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子是很有益處的，并且在寫(xiě)作中也可能會(huì)用到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。因此，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)好情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，尤其要掌握好常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。知知 識(shí)識(shí) 清清 單單 一、9大情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示can/could表示能力He can play table tennis quite well.表示理論上的可能性，“有時(shí)候會(huì)；可能會(huì)”Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes.表示請(qǐng)求和允許表示請(qǐng)求，口語(yǔ)中常用could代替canYou can have my seat.Im going now.Could you give me a band？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示may/might表示請(qǐng)求、允許、許可，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉You may use my dictionary.Might I have a look at your new computer？must表示“必須”We must study hard and make progress every day.表示“偏要；硬要”If you must smoke，please go out.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示shall用于第一、三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)Shall I open the door？用于第二、三人稱(chēng)的陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅；此外，當(dāng)頒布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)也用shallYou shall get an answer from me by tomorrow.He shall go first，whether he wants or not.This law shall come into effect on May lst.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示should表示勸告和建議，作“應(yīng)該”講You should learn from each other.表示驚訝、意外等情緒，意為“竟然”I cant bear that he should speak ill of me.用在if條件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能If anyone should come，say Im not at home.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示will/would用于表示意志或意愿I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.表示“請(qǐng)求；建議”。would比will委婉、客氣些Would you like some more coffee？表示習(xí)慣：will可以表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，意為“總是；習(xí)慣于”。表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作用wouldShe will sit for hours reading in the afternoon.When he was young，he would listen to music alone in his room.表示事物的某種性質(zhì)和傾向Wood will float on the water.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示need表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件從句中Need we take the test?NO，we neednt.dare表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，意為“我想，大概”How dare you talk like that？ought to表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)，表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推測(cè)，意為“應(yīng)是；應(yīng)該”Everyone ought to obey the traffic rules.He ought to be home by now. 二、3組易混情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法比較情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示can(could)/bc able tocan/couldcan有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could)，表示一般能力I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of ricebe able to有更多的形式，was/were able to表示通過(guò)努力、克服困難做成某事The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one was able to get out.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示must/have tomust側(cè)重表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法；只有一種形式We must rely on ourselves.have to 表示客觀需要，有不同的形式I have to give it up because of my illness.would/used towould表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，沒(méi)有與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比的含義，不可用于無(wú)人稱(chēng)句或存在句Last year，our English teacher would sometimes tell stories after class.used to表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)今昔對(duì)比，可用于無(wú)人稱(chēng)句或存在句He told us he used to play football when he was young.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用法典句例示考點(diǎn)警示(1)can的一些常用固定搭配cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不，只好”cannot/can never.enough/too再也不為過(guò)(2)may的一些常用固定搭配may well動(dòng)詞原形意為“完全能，很可能”，may as well動(dòng)詞原形意為“最好滿可以，倒不如”(3)mustnt表示“禁止”“不許做某事”回答用need提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句時(shí)與回答用must提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句時(shí)一樣，肯定回答用must，否定回答要用neednt或dont have toI cannot choose but go.You cannot be careful enough.Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.You may as well do it at once. 三、5大表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法比較情態(tài)動(dòng)詞適用句式適用時(shí)態(tài)意義典句例示 must肯定句一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式一定、肯定You must be hungry after the long walk.He must be sleeping in the dormitory.can(could)疑問(wèn)句，否定句一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式可能，能夠She cant be reading in the reading room now.Can/Could this be an excuse for that？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 適用句式 適用時(shí)態(tài)意義典句例示may/(might)肯定句，否定句一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式也許，可能He may not be happy.He may be playing basketball on the playground.should(ought to)肯定句一般式確定或期待“應(yīng)該”He should be around sixty years old.(確定)Its nearly seven oclock.Jack should he here at the moment.(期待)will(would)肯定句、否定句、 疑問(wèn)句一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式大概He will have forgotten me. I left him 18 years ago.It would be about ten when he left home. 四、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”用法類(lèi)型構(gòu)成用法句式典句例示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了某事”肯定You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red.can/could have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定否定、疑問(wèn)He cannot have forgotten it.may/might have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)，意為“也許/或許/已經(jīng)(沒(méi)有)”肯定、否定Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.類(lèi)型構(gòu)成用法句式典句例示表示后悔、責(zé)備或遺憾could have done表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，意為“未來(lái)可以”肯定The accident could have been avoided.should/ought to have done表示本該做某事而實(shí)際上未做肯定、否定You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier.類(lèi)型構(gòu)成用法句式典句例示表示后悔、責(zé)備或遺憾neednd have done表示做了本來(lái)不必做的事否定I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.had better have done用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事”肯定、否定You had better have started earlier.would rather have done表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”肯定、否定I would rather have taken his advice.考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 警警 示示 1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與其它動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)。 另外，(1)后面接動(dòng)詞原形。(2)沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。(3)變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句或否定句時(shí)不需要加助動(dòng)詞，而是將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)前變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，構(gòu)成否定句。 2掌握一些有關(guān)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常用句型，如： cannot.too“無(wú)論也不過(guò)分”。 You cannot be too careful while driving. 開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)你越小心越好。 cannot wait to do“迫不及待地做” He couldnt wait to see the film. 他非常渴望看這部電影。 cannot(help) but do“不得不做，只好做” She couldnt but agree to my idea. 她只好同意我的想法。 cannot help it“沒(méi)有辦法” cannot help doing sth.“情不自禁地做某事” may well“有充分的理由可以” You may well be proud of him. 你有足夠的理由為他驕傲。 may/might as well“最好；不妨”。 3個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法。 (1)must可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，意思是“必需的東西”，如： Comfortable shoes are a must when going hiking. (2)行為動(dòng)詞need，dare有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞ing形式及復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如： The question needs to be discussed The question needs discussing.