中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題12 簡(jiǎn)單句陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句、倒裝句課件（含13年試題） 人教新目標(biāo)版

專題專題 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句(陳述句、疑問(wèn)陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句、倒裝句句、祈使句、感嘆句、倒裝句) 專題專題 1212 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 1陳述句考點(diǎn)直擊 陳述句是用于陳述事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)的句子，包括肯定結(jié)構(gòu)和否定結(jié)構(gòu)?？隙ň渥兎穸ň涞幕痉椒ㄈ缦拢?be 動(dòng)詞的否定式： 在be動(dòng)詞后面加否定詞not。如：We arent classmates. 我們不是同學(xué)。2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式： 在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加否定詞not。如： I cant speak English well. 我的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不好。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 3實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定式： 借助助動(dòng)詞do/does/did。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子的否定結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)doesnt/dont 動(dòng)詞原形其他。如：He doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天鍛煉。 4. 含助動(dòng)詞will, have, has, be的否定式：在后面直接加not。如：He hasnt been there.他沒(méi)去過(guò)那兒。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 2疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)句的主要交際功能是提出問(wèn)題，詢問(wèn)情況。它分為一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。1一般疑問(wèn)句： 通常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)一件事情是否屬實(shí)。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如：Are you tired? 你累嗎？Yes, I am.是的，我累。2選擇疑問(wèn)句： 提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上可能的答案供對(duì)方選擇。如：Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我們回家還是待在這里過(guò)夜？專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 3特殊疑問(wèn)句： 以疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭，對(duì)句中某一成分提問(wèn)的句子叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。如：What do you like most? 你最喜歡什么？4反意疑問(wèn)句： 反意疑問(wèn)句又叫附加疑問(wèn)句，由兩部分組成，前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述(即陳述句)，后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短的提問(wèn)(即簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句)，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。反意疑問(wèn)句遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原則，且兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 中考中常見(jiàn)的反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成情況如下：(1)陳述部分為“Let us”時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分習(xí)慣上用“will you？”； 陳述部分為“Lets”時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分習(xí)慣上用“shall we？”。如：Let us go to the cinema, will you? 讓我們?nèi)タ措娪昂脝幔縇ets go to the cinema, shall we? 讓我們?nèi)タ措娪昂脝?？專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 (2)陳述部分為“There (Here) be 主語(yǔ)”時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分用“benotthere(here)？”形式。如： There are two cakes on the plate, arent there? 盤子里有兩塊蛋糕，不是嗎？(3)反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分用肯定式。如：She seldom goes swimming, does she?她很少去游泳，是嗎？(4)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為指物的不定代詞時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)用it。如：Something is wrong with the computer, isnt it? 那臺(tái)電腦有問(wèn)題了，不是嗎？專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 (5)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為指人的不定代詞時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)用he或 they，這時(shí)問(wèn)句動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和he或 they一致。如：Someone is knocking at the door, isnt he? 有人在敲門，不是嗎？(6)反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分為“I (We) dont think(believe, suppose, consider等) that從句”時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I dont think that he has finished the work on time, has he?我認(rèn)為他沒(méi)有按時(shí)完成工作，不是嗎？專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 (7)反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分含有由un， im， in， dis等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，陳述部分要視為肯定含義，問(wèn)句部分用否定形式。如：It is unfair, isnt it? 它是不公正的，不是嗎？(8)陳述部分為肯定的祈使句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分可用“will you/wont you”； 陳述部分為否定的祈使句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分只能用“will you”。 如：Dont make any noise, will you? 不要制造噪音，好嗎？專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 3祈使句祈使句是表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、祝愿或建議的句子。其否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞原形前加dont。常見(jiàn)的祈使句的基本句型如下：1動(dòng)詞原形其他。 如： Be careful.小心。2Do 動(dòng)詞原形(加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)。如：Do be careful next time.下次要小心。3加please的祈使句(表示更加客氣和禮貌)。如： Open the door, please.請(qǐng)打開(kāi)門。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 4感嘆句 感嘆句一般用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語(yǔ)感嘆句常用what或how引導(dǎo)，句末用感嘆號(hào)。1what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(1)Whata/an形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！如：What a difficult question it is!多么難的一個(gè)問(wèn)題??！(2)What形容詞可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！如：What useful information!多有用的信息??！專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 2how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(1)How形容詞/副詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！如：How kind they are!他們多和藹??！(2)How陳述句(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！如：How time flies！時(shí)間飛逝！3what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可以和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句互換。如：What a good girl！How good the girl is!多好的女孩??！專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 5倒裝句 1副詞位于句首時(shí)。here, there, now, then等副詞置于句首時(shí)句子要倒裝，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。這種倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。如：Here he comes.他來(lái)了。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 2only在句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了。3以so/neither/nor開(kāi)頭的句子。此句型說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容也適用于后者，用倒裝句“so/neither/norbe動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”。如： John cant swim, neither can I.約翰不會(huì)游泳，我也不會(huì)。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 12013黃石黃石 I cant play the piano, and _ A. neither can my sister Bmy sister cant, too C. so cant my sister Dcan my sister, either22013重慶重慶 _ does your father play tennis after work? Every Tuesday and Thursday. A. How often BHow soon CWhere DWhyAA考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān) 專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 32013邵陽(yáng)邵陽(yáng) There is little milk in the fridge, _？ A. is there Bisnt there Cisnt it42013青島青島 _ it is today! Yes. Shall we go hiking? A. How fine weather BWhat fine weather CWhat a fine weather DHow fine the weather52013安順安順 Tom, _ afraid of speaking in front of people. You are the best one. A. dont Bnot Cnot be Ddont beDBA專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 1I dont think she will pass the exam, _？ Awont sheBwill she Cdoes she Ddoesnt she 解析解析 反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分為“I(We) dont think (believe, suppose, consider) that從句”時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式。B語(yǔ)法專練 專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 2Mr Wangs never been to Canada, has he? _. He went there on business last week. ANo, he hasnt BYes, he has CNo, he has DYes, he hasnt 解析解析 反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)要根據(jù)事實(shí)來(lái)回答。由答語(yǔ)“He went there on business last week.”可知他去過(guò)，故選B。B專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 32013烏魯木齊烏魯木齊 I dont like documentaries. _ A. So do I B. So I do CNeither do I D. Either do I4Youve just finished your listening exam. Please get yourself ready for the next part, _？ Ashall we Bwill you Cdo you Dare you52013黔東南黔東南 We have never been to Mexico. What about Jeff? _. He hopes to visit some day. ANeither has he B. Neither does he CSo has he D. So does heC BA專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 62012濱州濱州 She can hardly write her own name, _？ Acan she Bcant she Cneed she Dneednt she 解析解析 hardly 意為“幾乎不”，表示否定，故反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定形式。A7. 2013銅仁銅仁 I really hate to go to such a noisy place. _ ASo am I B. So do I CSo have I D. So can IB專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 82012廣東廣東 You havent been to the West Lake, have you? _. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation. ANo, I havent BNo, I didnt CYes, I have D.Yes, I did 解析解析 此處的“No, I havent.”意為“是的，我沒(méi)有去過(guò)?！?A92013安順安順 Our town has changed a lot，_. Aso he has B. so has his Cso is hers D. so has heB專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 10Its sunny today. Lets go mountain climbing, _？ Good idea! Ashall we Bwill you Cwont you Ddo you 11Nothing is more important than life, _？ Ais it Bisnt it Care they Darent theyAA專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 122013煙臺(tái)煙臺(tái) Would you like to go to the amusement park? If Jack does, _ AI go, too B. so will I Cneither will I D. so do I13_afraid of making mistakes.Failure is the mother of success. Thanks for encouraging me. ADont BDont be CNot be DBe notBB專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 142013宜賓宜賓 Sam didnt go to school yesterday, did he? _. He was ill yesterday. AYes, he did B. No, he did CNo, he didnt D. Yes, he didnt 152013內(nèi)江內(nèi)江 _would you like to choose to live in, Chengdu, Beijing or Shanghai? Chengdu, I think. AHow B. What CWhen D. WhichCD專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 162013安徽安徽 _ can you finish this English exam? In about one and a half hours. AHow far B. How often CHow soon D. How long17_.Its bad for your health. ADont to eat too much BNo eat too much CNever eat too much DNever eating too muchCC專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 18_ late for school again, Tom. Sorry, I promise that I _. ADont; wont BDont be; wont CDont be; dont DDont; will192012孝感孝感 _ do you hang out with your friends? Once a week. AHow longBHow many CHow soon DHow oftenBD 解析解析 once a week 意為“一周一次”，表示頻率，對(duì)頻率進(jìn)行提問(wèn)用how often。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 20_ this rock music, please. Im afraid some people cant stand the noise! AStopping BStop CStops DStopped21Is this a Chinese book or an English book? Oh. _ AYes, it is BNo, it isnt CAn English book DA music bookBC 解析解析 此題考查選擇疑問(wèn)句。選擇疑問(wèn)句不能簡(jiǎn)單地用yes或no來(lái)回答，要選擇其中之一。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 22_did you receive the letter? Just now. AWhatBWhenCWhereDWhy23_？ The one on the stage. AWho are boys BWheres the boy CWhos that boy DWhich boy24Have you watered the trees? _.Im too busy and I forget it. AYes, I did BYes, I have CNo, I didnt DNo, I haventBDD專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 25_ wonderful news report he wrote! All of us were proud of him. AWhat a BWhat CHow DHow a 解析解析 由后面的 report可知引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用what, report 是可數(shù)名詞，故選A。 A專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 26_ good advice the teacher gave me! AHow BWhat CWhat a DHow a 解析解析 advice意為“建議”，為不可數(shù)名詞。此題考查感嘆句型： What 形容詞不可數(shù)名詞！B專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 272013安徽安徽 Tony, _ are you in such a hurry? The meeting will start soon. I dont want to be late. Awhere B. how Cwhen D. why282012廣東廣東 _exciting it is to swim in the sea while it is hot! AHow BWhat CHow an DWhat anDA專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 29_ good time we had at the party last night! Yes.It was _ exciting party that I would never forget it. AWhat; so BHow; such CWhat a; such an DHow a; so an30Look，_ dirty the water is! Yes, we should really take some actions to deal with it. Awhat a Bwhat Chow Dhow aCC專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 312013瀘州瀘州 Tell me the way to the cinema, _ you? Awill B. need Cshall D. may32Two_died in the accident. _ terrible it is! Apolicemen; How Bpoliceman; What Cpolice; What Dpolicemans; HowAA專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 33Dad, do you like my picture? _！ Its the nicest one Ive ever seen! AWhat beautiful BHow careful CHow wonderful DWhat wonderful picture342013黃石黃石 _ fun it is to have ice cream in hot summer! AWhat a B. How CWhat D. How aCB專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 35Tom had got high marks in the last exam. _， and so did I. ASo he had BSo had he CSo he did DSo did heA 解析解析 用“so 主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”表示同意對(duì)方的看法，意為“是的，的確”。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 36If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so _ I. Ado BamCwill Dshould37Hey, Nick. _ comes the last bus! Hurry up, or well have to walk home. AThis BThere CThat DItCB 解析解析 以here/there開(kāi)頭的句子通常完全倒裝。故選B。專題專題 12 12 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 38Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year. _ excellent he is! AHow B. What CWhat a D. What an392013齊齊哈爾齊齊哈爾 _ bad weather it is! Lets stay at home and watch TV. AHow B. What CWhat a40Only by taking more exercise_keep healthy. Acan you Byou can Care you Dyou areABA