高三英語一輪專項復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法考點突破 第七講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件 新人教版

第二部分第二部分 語法考點突破語法考點突破第七講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣第七講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)情態(tài)動詞動詞用法用法例句例句must(1)表示禁止表示禁止(用用于否定句于否定句)。You mustnt park here！Its an emergency exit.(2)表必要性，表必要性，意為意為“必須必須”。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.(3)表示偏執(zhí)，表示偏執(zhí)，固執(zhí)，意為固執(zhí)，意為“非非得，偏要得，偏要”。If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.情態(tài)動情態(tài)動詞詞用法用法例句例句can和和could(1)表示表示“能力能力”。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh，you are really his big fan.(2)表示驚訝表示驚訝,常用常用在否定句和疑問句在否定句和疑問句中。中。How could you do such a silly thing？情態(tài)動情態(tài)動詞詞用法用法例句例句can和和could(3)表示禮貌地請表示禮貌地請求別人做某事，意求別人做某事，意為為“能，可以能，可以”。This dish is really delicious.Could you please say it in Chinese?Sure，we call it“doufu”What should I wear to the party?Well，it isnt very formal.You can wear whatever you like.情態(tài)動情態(tài)動詞詞用法用法例句例句can和和could(4)cannot.too/enough表示表示“無無論論也不過分也不過分”;“越越越好越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.情情態(tài)態(tài)動動詞詞用法用法例句例句shall(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中問句中,表示說話人征求對表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽hall I go out for a walk after supper?(2)用于第二、第三人稱陳用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。威脅。Will you read me a story，Mummy?OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.情情態(tài)態(tài)動動詞詞用法用法例句例句may和和might(1)may和和might表示表示“許可許可”,“可能性可能性”,“祝愿祝愿”等意義。等意義。May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you mustnt.You read it in here.(2)“may as well動動詞原形詞原形”意為意為“最好，最好，倒不如倒不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.情情態(tài)態(tài)動動詞詞用法用法例句例句will和和would(1)表示意志、意表示意志、意愿和決心。愿和決心。I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.(2)will可以表示可以表示一種習(xí)慣的動作一種習(xí)慣的動作,有有“總是總是”或或 “總要總要”之意。之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用法用法例句例句will和和would(3)would可以表示可以表示過去的習(xí)慣動作，過去的習(xí)慣動作，比比used to正式，但正式，但沒有沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣慣”的含義。的含義。When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we would often go to the cinema together.二、情態(tài)動詞表推測二、情態(tài)動詞表推測情情態(tài)態(tài)動動詞詞用法用法例句例句mustmust表示推測時只能表示推測時只能用于肯定句中，意為用于肯定句中，意為“一定，必定一定，必定”，表，表示十分肯定的語氣示十分肯定的語氣(在在疑問句中或否定句中疑問句中或否定句中要用要用can/could)。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh，sorry.情態(tài)情態(tài)動詞動詞用法用法例句例句can(1)can用于肯定句中表示用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性，意為客觀的可能性，意為“有有時會時會”；(2)用于疑問句中可以表示用于疑問句中可以表示推測，意為推測，意為“可能可能”，有，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣；時表示一種驚訝的語氣；(3)用于否定句中也可以表用于否定句中也可以表示推測，示推測，cant意為意為“不可不可能能”，語氣很強(qiáng)烈。，語氣很強(qiáng)烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, ,but it can be rather cold sometimes.Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?It cant be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用法用法例句例句may/mightshould(1)may/might用于肯定用于肯定句中可以用來表示不十句中可以用來表示不十分肯定的推測，意為分肯定的推測，意為“有可能有可能”；(2)用于否定句中也可以用于否定句中也可以表示推測，表示推測，may not意意為為“可能不可能不”，表示一，表示一種不太確定的語氣。種不太確定的語氣。(2013高考北京卷高考北京卷)You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.Well，I dont know.It might do.should用來表示推測時用來表示推測時意為意為“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”，即含有，即含有“按道理來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如按道理來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如此此”的意思。的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.三、情態(tài)動詞三、情態(tài)動詞have done情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞have done用法用法例句例句musthave donemay/might have done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測的行為進(jìn)行推測,意為意為“一定做了某事一定做了某事”。(2013高考遼寧卷高考遼寧卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk too much at the party last night.表示對過去已發(fā)生行表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測為的推測,意為意為“也也許許/或許已經(jīng)或許已經(jīng)(沒有沒有)”。一般用于肯。一般用于肯定句或否定句中。定句或否定句中。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞have done用法用法例句例句can.havedone/cannot have donecould have done表示對過去發(fā)生的表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。句和疑問句中。(can換成換成could時時語氣較委婉語氣較委婉)I cant find him anywhere.Where can he have gone?The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.本來能夠而沒有做本來能夠而沒有做(2012高考北京卷高考北京卷)We could have faced the difficulty together，but why didnt you tell me？情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞have done用法用法例句例句might have doneshould/ought to have done表示本來可能表示本來可能,但實際上沒有發(fā)生但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事情。的事情。You should not swim in that sea.You might have been eaten by a shark.(1)用于肯定句時，用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事而表示本該做某事而實際上未做；實際上未做；(2)用于否定句時，用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事則表示不該做的事反而做了。反而做了。You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.You ought to have returned the book earlier.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞have done用法用法例句例句neednt have done表示做了本來不必表示做了本來不必去做的事，去做的事，“沒必沒必要做而做了要做而做了”。注意注意didnt need to do表示表示“沒必要沒必要做而實際上也沒有做而實際上也沒有做某事做某事”。You neednt have brought the book because Tom has one here.I didnt need to buy the dictionary.I had a copy at home.一、一、if條件從句中的虛擬語氣條件從句中的虛擬語氣類別類別用法用法例句例句if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的條件的條件從句從句與現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在事在事實相實相反反從句謂語動詞：從句謂語動詞：過去式過去式(be用用were)主句謂語動詞：主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might動詞原形動詞原形(2012高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.很抱歉，我現(xiàn)在非常忙。很抱歉，我現(xiàn)在非常忙。若我有時間，我將一定若我有時間，我將一定與你外出郊游。與你外出郊游。類別類別用法用法例句例句if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的條件的條件從句從句與過與過去事去事實相實相反反從句謂語動詞：從句謂語動詞：had過去分詞過去分詞主句謂語動詞：主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞過去分詞(2012高考山東卷高考山東卷)If we hadnt made adequate preparations，the conference wouldnt have been so successful.如果我們沒有充足地準(zhǔn)如果我們沒有充足地準(zhǔn)備，大會將不會如此地備，大會將不會如此地成功。成功。類別類別用法用法例句例句if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的條件的條件從句從句與將與將來事來事實相實相反反從句謂語動詞：從句謂語動詞：過去式過去式/were不定式不定式/should動動詞原形詞原形主句謂語動詞：主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might動詞原形動詞原形(2012高考安徽卷高考安徽卷)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.Grace不想搬到紐約，因不想搬到紐約，因為她想如果要是住那里，為她想如果要是住那里，她將不可能經(jīng)常地見到她她將不可能經(jīng)常地見到她的父母。的父母。類別類別用法用法例句例句if引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的條件從條件從句的倒句的倒裝裝混合條混合條件句的件句的虛擬語虛擬語氣氣如果在表示虛擬語氣如果在表示虛擬語氣的條件句中含有的條件句中含有were，had或或should，可將，可將if省略省略,然后將然后將were,had或或should移至主語之前。移至主語之前。Had we made a great effort we might have succeeded.(If we had made a great effort.)要要是我們付出巨大的努力是我們付出巨大的努力,也許我們已經(jīng)成功了。也許我們已經(jīng)成功了。有時條件句的動作與有時條件句的動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時間主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動詞的不一致，這時動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它們表示形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它們表示的時間加以調(diào)整。的時間加以調(diào)整。If it had rained last night,it would be very cool today.如果昨晚下雨如果昨晚下雨了，今天將會很涼爽。了，今天將會很涼爽。二、含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣二、含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由otherwise，but,or，without，but for等來引導(dǎo)。等來引導(dǎo)。I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.我本該早一些到，但我不知道他們在等我。我本該早一些到，但我不知道他們在等我。I couldnt have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.假如當(dāng)時沒有您慷慨相助，我就不會度過那段艱難的時期。假如當(dāng)時沒有您慷慨相助，我就不會度過那段艱難的時期。三、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用三、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用類別類別用法用法例句例句賓賓語語從從句句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的從句中動詞為后接的從句中動詞為“(should)動詞原形動詞原形”。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.wish后的從句中的謂語可后的從句中的謂語可用一般過去時、過去完成用一般過去時、過去完成時和時和should/would動詞動詞原形原形,它們分別表示與現(xiàn)在、它們分別表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反。過去和將來情況相反。How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood?Next to nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English.類別類別用法用法例句例句主語主語從句從句表語表語從句從句和同和同位語位語從句從句在在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat從從句句”中，從句中的謂語動詞中，從句中的謂語動詞用用should動詞原形。動詞原形。It is strange that such a person should be our friend.在在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣句中要用虛擬語氣,其構(gòu)成是其構(gòu)成是“should動詞原形動詞原形”,should可以省略可以省略My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for a visit.四、其他句型中的虛擬語氣四、其他句型中的虛擬語氣類別類別用法用法例句例句Its time that.would ratherIt is (high) time(that).句型中謂語動詞句型中謂語動詞用一般過去時或用一般過去時或should動詞原形。動詞原形。Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement. would rather所接的從句中所接的從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時的謂語動詞用一般過去時(對現(xiàn)在虛擬對現(xiàn)在虛擬)或者過去完成或者過去完成時時(對過去虛擬對過去虛擬)。I would rather youstayed at home now.類別類別用法用法例句例句if onlyas ifif only后面的謂語動詞常用一后面的謂語動詞常用一般過去時般過去時(對現(xiàn)在虛擬對現(xiàn)在虛擬)、過去、過去完成時完成時(對過去虛擬對過去虛擬)與過去將與過去將來時來時(對將來虛擬對將來虛擬)，表示強(qiáng)烈，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望。的愿望。If only our dream had come true！as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞可引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞可以用過去時或過去完成時表以用過去時或過去完成時表示虛擬。示虛擬。They are talking as if they had been friends for years.