M3U4 單元導(dǎo)學(xué)案

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1、M3U4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 單元導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Back&rcund Astronomy is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens. But man was limited by six planets that he could see with his eyes alone. The Greeks （希月昔人）studied astronomy ove

2、r 2,000 years ago. They could see the size, color, and brightness of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens. Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach o

3、ut into space. Until there were telescopes （望遠(yuǎn)鏡），man knew a little about the moon. He did not know that the planet called Saturn （土星）had rings around it. His sight was so limited that he could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets. Pluto （冥王星），th

4、e last of nine planets to be discovered, was not seen until 1930. Before the spectroscope （分光鏡），man did not know what kind of gases was in the sun or other stars. Without the radio telescope （射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡），we did not know that radio noises came from far in space. Today, astronomy is a growing science.

5、 We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy. headings 1. How did the universe begin? A. Atoms began to form and combine to create the universe. B. The universe began with a “Big Bang”. C. Pan Gu exploited the universe. D. No one knows how the universe

6、began. 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. the “Big Bang” B. the age of the earth C. the formation of the earth D. the shape of the earth 3. What is the right order of the development of the three, animals, plants and water? A. water—animals一 plants B. water_plants—animals C. plants

7、—water—animals D. animals—water—plants 4. When did the dinosaurs appear on the earth? A. more than 140 million years ago B. 65 million years ago C. more than 205 million years ago D. 2.6 million years ago 5. What problem is caused by human beings? A. They are looking after the earth very well

8、 B. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere C. He got cold feet D. You could give him the cold shoulder 46. According to the passage, “to get cold feet” could probably be used . A. to express one's feet is really cold. B. to express someone who is cold-blooded C. to expres

9、s someone is frightened to do what he decided after knowing the truth D. to express one's disappointment for everyone got a pay rise but him 47. This passage is mainly about . A. how cold weather affects our mind and bodies B. why there are so many expressions about “cold” C. how to understand

10、the word “cold” D. some words and expressions connected with "cold” 48. From the passage, we can infer that . A. When someone does something bad, you can give him the cold shoulder B. When you are out in the cold, you don't get what others get C. Cold-blooded people have no sympathy for others

11、 D. Nobody likes cold weather Part C Find out the missing sentences and then answer the question Members of the working class have blue- collar jobs._1— What makes this class differ from the lower class is? First of all, longer periods of employment—and therefore， more fixed incomes. 2 Most pe

12、ople in the working class have at least high school education. 3 Unionization has helped the working class, but a rapidly changing economy and frequent periods of high unemployment make it difficult for most of its members to be able to increase their savings greatly. 4 A greater number of the

13、 members of the working class take relatively little satisfaction in their jobs._5_ As a result, many seek their main satisfaction in recreational (娛樂(lè)的)activities. Many members of this class would like to earn enough money to leave their jobs and start their own businesses, though few make it. M

14、any place their expectations on their children, hoping that they at least will rise in the ladder of success, American style. A. And besides, employment in skilled or semiskilled(半熟練的)occupations, not unskilled ones. B. Purchasing a house for people in this class is extremely difficult, although

15、 a certain percentage may receive houses from their parents. C. But all of them have something in common. D. They are construction workers, truck drivers, mechanics, steel workers, electricians, and the like. E. Many have some experience of college(especially community college), though few are

16、 college graduates. F. It is because much of their work is ordinary and boring. Part D Fill in the blanks On Wednesday morning at eleven o'clock, I was walking down Main Street. I had just parked my car. Suddenly I heard two shots. I thought they (come) from the bank. I ran toward the bank. I

17、saw a man come) out. He was short and fat a big moustache. More (importance), he had a bag of money and a gun in his hands! I could do anything, he ran up the street disappeared behind a bus. That afternoon I went to the movies. happened? I saw the thief again at the foot of the stairs! I

18、telephoned the police from a telephone next to the rest rooms. The police arrived in than five minutes. They arrested the thief just as he (buy) a chocolate bar from the candy machine. What an exciting day! And best of all, the bank gave me $ 100 reward. C. They make the earth become too hot to

19、 live on D. Both B&C Vccabulary Part A Fill in the blanks with the correct words 1. Without g , people will not be able to stand. 2. The c is getting warmer and warmer, which is a world wide problem called global warming. 3. If you m four by five, the answer is twenty. 4. If you are going to

20、 marry, I advise that you should know the b skills of cooking. 5. An accident happened when the two buses c . 6. Do you think our education s needs improving? 7. Without practice, there would be no t . 8. “What happened?” John's mother asked him in a g voice. 9. There were many fish f on the r

21、iver because of the pollution. 10. The bird 1 its eggs in other bird's nest last year. Part B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms 1. There a good way to solve the problem, (exist) 2. It's said that Li Yang who had started “Crazy English55 used domestic , which showed that he was a husband

22、, (violent) 3. Smoking is to your health and it will do to your lung, (harm) 4. The expression on her face suggested she was by the math problem, (puzzle) 5. Zhao Benshan held a birthday party in a five-star hotel. Everyone at the party had a for their .(present) 6. The naughty boy to me t

23、hat the hen there just now had two eggs the day before, (lie/lay) 11. 用所給短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空 Part C Choose the proper phrases to fill in the blanks with their correct forms in time prevent ...(from) give birth to watch out for be harmful to in one's turn break out 1. Drinking is good to our heart, but

24、 too much drinking our health. 2. He will be on duty tomorrow. 3. We can't people saying what they think. 4. We should thank our mother, for she us and gave us life. 5. He studied so hard that he achieved his goal . 6. When you are crossing the street, please the cars. 7. Should another world

25、war , what would become of human beings? Using language Part A words and expressions 1. puzzle: n.謎，難題。vt./vi.(使)傷腦筋，(使)迷惑。 puzzled adj.常用來(lái)表示人感到困惑的，迷惑不解的 puzzling adj .令人困惑的 常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：be in a puzzle不知如何是好；puzzle about/over對(duì)…苦思冥想 1）他們?yōu)槭裁茨菢幼鰧?duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)還是一個(gè)謎。 2）令我不解的是他為什么不能回答我的問(wèn)題。 2. exist: vi 存在，有 exis

26、ting adj.目前的；現(xiàn)存的existence n.存在；生存 常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：come into existence開(kāi)始存在；成立 There exists/existed，.?這里有.?? 1）有一個(gè)解決目前地理問(wèn)題的好辦法。 a good method to solve the There 2）世貿(mào)組織誕生于1995年. The World Trade Organization 3. in time遲早；早晚；及時(shí)；后來(lái) 常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)： on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí) at one time 曾經(jīng)； 一度 at a time每次；依次 from time to time 有

27、時(shí)； 不時(shí) problem in geography in 1955- in no time立即，馬上 at no time從不，決不 at times 有時(shí)； ahead of time提前，提早 (just) in time for sth/to do sth 剛來(lái)得及做 1) Do one thing and do it well. 2) should we give in to difficulties. 3) We got to the station just to catch the bus. 4 ) Every possible means has

28、 been used, but they couldn't finish the task 5) You can't imagine this area used to be a beautiful place 1) 我匆忙地趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)，剛來(lái)得及趕上飛機(jī)。 4.in one's turn 輪到某人；接著 常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)： in turn輪流；一個(gè)接著一個(gè)，反過(guò)來(lái) by turns 輪流； take turns （to do sth）輪流（做某物） Its one's turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 1）他們依次在臺(tái)上唱歌。 2）現(xiàn)在輪到你發(fā)言。 5. break

29、 out （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，火災(zāi)等）爆發(fā)；（疾病）突然發(fā)生 常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)： break up分解/破裂；解散/體；損害/粉碎 break down (如L器)出故障；(談判)失??；(身體，精神)跨掉 break in/into插話/打斷；強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入 break away from 脫離/擺脫 break off突然結(jié)束/中斷 1) You must such bad habits. 2) My car on the way. 3) We had to the house as we had lost the key. 4) Shall the meeting , let's have s

30、ome coffee, please? 5) Where did you pick up the news that he with her girlfriend? 6) Do you know the reason why wars often between some countries. Part B Phrases 1. 一個(gè)被廣泛接受的理論 2. 向四面八方 3. _團(tuán)塵埃 13. 14. 15. 阻止…的發(fā)生 輪到某人 在接下來(lái)的幾百萬(wàn)年里 4.及時(shí) _ 16. 擋住 5.冷卻 _ 17. 有機(jī)會(huì)做 6.對(duì)…是基礎(chǔ) 1

31、8. 向某人解釋 7.連鎖反應(yīng) — 19. 暴近 8.第一次 _ 20. 歡呼 9.下蛋 _ 21. 是…的兩倍遠(yuǎn) 10.還是一個(gè)謎 _ 22. 既然；由于 某事有待被做 _ 23. 理解 …還有待觀察 11. …的產(chǎn)生 12. 產(chǎn)生、分娩 __ 24. 爆發(fā) 分散、解散 出故障 Part C Sentence patterns 1. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

32、 句中whether-?-or not引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)，除主語(yǔ)從句之外， 還可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。 1）他吃了如此多的東西以至于他是否能保持平衡飲食還不清楚。 2）他是否能成功地通過(guò)駕駛考試還不確定。 3）這一想法能否付諸實(shí)踐還有待于觀察。 2. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 此句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；made后跟帶形式賓語(yǔ)it的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)， 其中it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)是 ,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是 , 結(jié)構(gòu)為 o 有類似用法的

33、動(dòng)詞有 think, consider, find, believe, feel 等。 4）他總是用一種粗魯?shù)姆绞胶蛣e人說(shuō)話，這使得我很難和他相處。 5）他長(zhǎng)處如此之少以至于他發(fā)現(xiàn)謀生不可能。 6）我認(rèn)為有必要讓他因未信守諾言道歉。 3- What it was to become was uncertain until ... when the dust settled into a solid globe. betodosth.i）表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)/必須做某事"，通常用于通知或說(shuō)明書(shū)里. The books you borrowed are to be returned befor

34、e July 5. 2） 表示“按計(jì)劃或安排將要做某事”，其完成式則表示“本來(lái)打算做某事”。 We are to meet at the school gate. 3） 表示“將來(lái)不可避免要發(fā)生的事” All questions are to be answered later. 4） 用于與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。 If it were to rain tomorrow,we would stay at home. 7）據(jù)報(bào)道，總統(tǒng)將在明晚八點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)。 8）基于他的表現(xiàn)，愛(ài)因斯坦注定將在科學(xué)技術(shù)上取得成功。 4- What is even more important is

35、 that as the earth cooled down, water began to.... What引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表陳述。 9）更糟糕的是，他對(duì)待貧窮的人毫無(wú)憐憫之心。 io）使我不安的是，他是否熟悉新的人工智能。 5. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)：1)??- times as +原級(jí)as 2) ??- times + 比較級(jí) +than 3) … times

36、+ the size/ height / length / width / depth + of ... 11) 到場(chǎng)的學(xué)生數(shù)量是我們預(yù)計(jì)的五倍。(三種譯法) 12）今年的藏羚羊比去年少了兩倍。作為結(jié)果，他們正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。 6. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 該句是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，因主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式主語(yǔ): It still remains a mystery why they suddenly disappeared. 1) remain 常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：...remain +adj/n/to be

37、 done; 2) remain和leave表示“剩下”的區(qū)別:remain:不及物;leave:及物； 3) remain 可表示 “仍然是； 保持”，remain + adj/n 1) We have no choice but to make full use of what to survive. 2) It remains (see) whether they can find a good solution to the problem. 3) He always (保持鎮(zhèn)定)even when facing great challenges. 13）是否我們將要到國(guó)

38、外去開(kāi)闊視野還有待決定。（從句在前+從句在后） Grammar Part A選詞填空。 when why what where how that whoever which 1. team won the contest has been reported in yesterday's newspaper. 2. laughs last laughs best. 3. Tommy will come back is still uncertain. 4. It hasn't been decided yet I will spend my summer holidays.

39、 5. It is important you finish the task on time. 6. he did is not consistent with what he promised. 7. he was late for class is not clear. 8. It is a public concern the central government makes the housing prices fall. PartB句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. Enough practice in learning English matters most. matters

40、most in learning English is enough practice. 2. The boy surprised us all, for he finished writing the composition in such a short time. the boy finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 3- Anyone who leaves the room last ought to lock the door. leaves the room

41、last ought to lock the door. 4. How did he manage to get there? It was a puzzle. to get there was a puzzle. 5. Helen wasn't invented to the party. What a pity. Helen wasn't invited to the party. Part C單項(xiàng)選擇 I. Evidence came up specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six m

42、onths old. A. which B. what C. that D. when 2.1 haven't decided hotel to stay at. A. which B. what C. at which D. where 3. surprises most of us. A. Wolves are afraid of us B. The fact that wolves afraid men C. The fact that wolves are afraid of men D. Wolves5 afraid of men 4. The announcem

43、ent all flight were cancelled because of bad weather greatly distressed the waiting passengers. A. that B. which C. why D. of which 5. The question is can be put into practice. A. how you have learned B. how what you have learned C. that why you have learned D. how that you have learned 6.

44、 A hinge joint is permits the forwards and backward movement of a door. A. that B. what C. those D. which 7. One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that . A. it appeals differently to people B. different people are appealed C. it appeals to many different people D. people find it a

45、ppealing to them very much 8. A more important question is these ideas are well or ill founded. A. where B. when C. how D. whether 9.1 think it is ou are doing too much. A. because of B. because C. because that D. because for 10. No one could understand ? A. that he was talking about B. what

46、 he was talking about C. he was talking about D. which he was talking II. “Call the restaurant and ask for information"I don't remember A. who I should speak B. whom should I speak with C. with whom I should speak D. who should I speak with 12. is where he gets all his money form. A. What

47、I cannot understand it B. That I can't understand it C. What I can't understand D. Which I can't understand it 13. Who doubts it is true? A. that B. if C. which D. such 14. Even the mountains here are no longer they used to be. A. the same B. which C. that D. what 15. The reason he is ill is

48、 he ate too much. A. due to B. that C. since D. because Exercise Part A Cloze Test The back door of the ambulance（救護(hù)車）was suddenly shut and the driver ran to the front, jumped into his seat, and started the engine. Inside were the 36 parents, Mr. and Mrs. Green, the mother holding their baby

49、daughter Ally. The little girl had 37 food stuck in her throat and could hardly breathe. The driver, Mr. white, —38— his sirenG艮警器）and flashing light, and started speeding towards the nearest hospital, fighting against 39 . The cars ahead of him pulled out of the way as he drove through the 40

50、? From the back of the 41 the parents were shouting at him to 42 , since Ally had almost stopped 43 ? In front of him he saw some traffic lights, with the red “STOP" light shining. Mr. White knew that he had no time to _ 44—, so he drove straight past the traffic lights, looking 45 his left an

51、d right as he did so. Coming towards him from his right was a taxi. The driver had the windows 46 , since the car was air-conditioned, and he was playing his radio. He did not 47 the ambulance. The lights were green, so he drove straight 48 into the path of the ambulance. Mr. White tried to s

52、top his ambulance but it was too late. It hit the taxi. Everybody was shaken but no one was hurt. Mr. White looked to see 49 little Ally was. He was astonished to see relief instead of 50 on the faces of the parents. “Look!” cried Mrs. Green. "She is _51— again.” “It must have been the 52 said

53、her husband. uIt 53 the food out of her throat.” The baby's color was turning to _54— , and she was crying in a loud but healthy _55—. They were all joyful, and quite forgot about the accident, the taxi, and the lines of cars all around them. 36. A. worried B. angry C. happy D. surprised 37

54、. A. little B. some C. no D. few 38. A. opened on B. turned on C. turned off D. sped up 39. A. police B. life C. lights D. time 40. A. empty street B. busy traffic C. large crowds D. deserted place 41. A. street B. cars C. traffic D. ambulance 42. A. hurry B. slow C. stop D. d

55、rive  43. A. breathing B. looking C. whispering D. talking 44. A. think B. ignore C.lose D. miss 45- A. at B. from C. forward D. to 46. A. open B. clean C. up D. down 47. A. hear B. see C. find D. notice 48. A. away B. on C. off D. out 49. A. how B. what C. where D. who

56、 50. A. pleasure B. anger C. fear D. surprise 51. A. crying B. breathing C. smiling D. speaking 52. A. light B. policeman C. car D. crash 53. A. took B. picked C. knocked D. made 54. A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. normal 55. A. sound B. voice C. tone D. noise Part B Rea

57、ding Cold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work. Maybe that is why there are so many expressions that use the word “cold”. For centuries, the body's blood has been linked closely with the emotions. People who show no human emotions or feelings, for example, are said to

58、be cold-blooded. They may do brutal things to others, and not by accident. Cold can affect other parts of the body. The feet, for example. Heavy socks can warm you feet, if your feet are really cold. But there is an expression-to get cold feet -that has nothing to do with cold or you feet. The

59、expression means being afraid to do something you had decided to do. For example, you agree to be president of an organization. But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned. All the work of the organization will be your responsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being p

60、resident when you understand the situation. Cold can also affect your shoulder. You give someone the cold shoulder when you refuse to speak to them. You treat them in a distant, cold way. The expression probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speakin

61、g to him face-to-face. You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you. Or, to someone who has lied about you to others. A cold fish is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does n

62、ot offer much of himself to anyone. Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted. Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy. Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feeling, broke the hearts of their lovers. Out in

63、 the cold is an expression often heard. It means not getting something that everybody else got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise and that he was left out in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be. 45. If your friend promised to help you, but he didn't do that at all, . A. He was cold-hearted B. He was cold-blooded