2019-2020年高考英語 易錯點點睛與高考突破 專題09 名詞性從句.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語 易錯點點睛與高考突破 專題09 名詞性從句 【xx高考預測】 1.名詞性從句中連接詞的正確選用 2.that引導的賓語從句，wh-引導的賓語從句以及某些特殊詞后所跟的賓語從句 3.that和wh-引導的主語從句及形式主語的幾種主要句型 4.獲that、wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句及從屬連詞引導的表語從句、同位語從句 5.名詞性從句中，從句部分的語序要用陳述語序，不能用凝問語序 6.that引導同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 7.Whether和if在名詞性從句中的用法區(qū)別 【難點突破】 一、各類名詞性從句的區(qū)別 1．who/whoever, what/whatever等的用法區(qū)別：一般說來，在名詞性從句中what/who雖然不表示疑問的語氣，但是所陳述的內容卻是未知的，含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無論什么，無論誰”，并且表達的語氣很強烈。 2．whether/if的用法區(qū)別：whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作某些介詞的賓語時連接詞一般用whether；whether可與or not/or連用，用來引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等，也可與動詞不定式連用；if不能與動詞不定式連用。 3．“疑問詞＋ever”和“no matter＋疑問詞”的區(qū)別；“疑問詞＋ever”可引導名詞性從句，在從句中充當一定的成分；還可引導讓步狀語從句；“no matter＋疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，不能用于名詞性從句中。 二、要注意名詞性從句和定語從句、狀語從句的不同 三、解決名詞性從句的相關題目的步驟 1．名詞性從句可以充當主語、賓語、表語和同位語，要分清句子結構，然后再確認試題考查的名詞性從句的所屬類型。 2．正確選擇連接詞。一般說來，引導名詞性從句的連接詞包括連接代詞和連接副詞，其中代詞在從句中起名詞的作用，作主語、賓語或表語；而副詞則充當狀語，表示時間、方式、原因等。 例1、(xx遼寧卷)The newer went to the library the other day and searched for ________he could find about Mark Twain. A．wherever B．however C．whatever D．whichever 【特別提醒】 whatever ※在名詞性從句中whatever語氣強，一般相當于what，可被其代替。 He will do what/whatever he can to help us.兩者均可，whatever最佳。 例3、　(xx福建卷)We promise ________attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever 答案　C　[whoever在賓語從句中作主語，promise sb sth結構。] 例4、The prize will be given to ________performs best. A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever 答案　C　[whoever在賓語從句中作主語，whoever＝anyone who。], 【特別提醒】 whoever/whomever who/whom ※whoever/whomever名詞性從句表示“……的人”；who/whom名詞性從句表示“誰……”一件事。 例5. (xx陜西卷)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________suits you best. A．whatever B．whichever C．whenever D．wherever 【特別提醒】 whatever/whichever ※what I dont know what color she likes. which在名詞性從句中作定語[which＋n./pron.(單數(shù))]有范圍 So many books here, I dont know which one I should take. 例7、(xx陜西卷)The howto book can be of help to ________wants to do the job. A．who B．whomever C．no matter who D．whoever 答案　D　[此處考查賓語從句，whoever在從句中作主語。] 【特別提醒】 whever ※who/whom/whoever/whomever除外 鑒別辦法：截枝法 將從句去除，若主句主干結構[即主謂(賓)/主系表]完整，則考查狀語從句(定語從句無whever引導詞，同位語從句whever從未考查)；若主句結構不完整，則考查名詞性從句。 例8、(xx江西卷)Why dont you bring ________to his attention that youre too ill to work on? 【特別提醒】 常見句型 1.＋ 2．sb/sth＋v.＋it形式賓語 adj./n....＋ 例11、(xx重慶卷)Evidence has been found through years of study ________childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when then grow up. A．why B．how C．whether D．that 【特別提醒】 同位語從句后移現(xiàn)象 1．同位語從句為了句子結構平衡，從主句謂語之前移至主句謂語之后。 2．定語從句后移現(xiàn)象與之極為類似，只是從句性質不同，詳見定語從句熱點13。 例13、Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see ________． A．who is he B．who he is C．who is it D．who it is 答案　D　[考查賓語從句語序和it指代人的用法。] 例14、He looks upset but I dont know ________with him. A．what is the matter B．what the matter is C．what the matter was D．what was matter 答案　A　[考查從句語序。what is the matter為主系表結構。] 例15、I wonder ________I met him before! A．where was it B．where was it that C．where it was D．where it was that 答案　D　[考查從句語序。在從句中須用陳述語序。], 【特別提醒】 1．雖然所有從句(省略、倒裝特殊句式除外)都須是陳述語序，但涉及從句語序問題，大多考查名詞性從句，尤其賓語從句。 2．近年來強調句型和名詞性從句結合考查語序比較常見。 例16、(xx天津卷)It doesnt matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park. A．whether B．how C．if D．when 例18、(xx安徽卷)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A． where B．whether C．that D．why 答案　B　[句意：一個人的智力極限，通常來說，出生時就已經(jīng)定型了。但他是否能夠達到這些極限取決于他所處的環(huán)境。根據(jù)depend on可知，主語從句含有不確定因素，可排除C。where表示地點，why表示原因，用于此處不合適，而使用whether表示“是否”，與題意吻合。] 例19、(xx浙江卷)It is uncertain ________side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 【特別提醒】 whether if 4種名詞性從句 賓語從句(有限制) whether to do if to do whether從句可作介詞賓語 if從句不作介詞賓語 ①I dont know whether or not he will e.√ ②I dont know whether he will e or not.√ ①I dont know if or not he will e. ②I dont know if he will e or not.√ 【易錯點點睛】 易錯點點睛 1 名詞性從句中連接詞的正確選用 1 、Mary wrote an article on __ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. wtat C. who D. that 【錯誤解答】 B或D 【錯解分析】 許多考生都誤以為what在本題中充當 failed的賓語，或認為空格后不缺成分，故選B或D。實際上就本題而言，不難看出句意為“瑪麗寫了一篇關于隊伍為何在比賽中失敗的文章”，所以應該選用強調原因的why。 【正確解答】 A 2 、A puter can only do __ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 4. His ability has never been in doubt—the question is he is prepared to work hard. A. whether B. if C. that D. where 【錯誤解答】 B 【錯解分析】 很多同學對whether和if的用法一知半解，盡管二者都有“是否”的意思，但在主語、表語或同位語從句中只能用whether，不能用if。 【正確解答】 A 5. He can’t answer the question hegot the money. A. what B. that C. how D. where 【錯誤解答】 B 【錯解分析】 許多考生知道這是一個同位語從句，在定性思維中認為同位語從句用出at引導，事實上同位語從句也可用when，where，why等來引導，不一定只用that. 【正確解答】 C 【特別提醒】 1.that引導名詞性從句時，在從句中無意義，不作成分，只起到連接作用，在賓語從句中可省略。 He told me (that) he would leave soon. 2.what與出at在名詞性從句中的區(qū)別。 Right:What he said was true. 這是一個主語從句，what在從句中作動詞said的賓詞，意思是:“……話”或“……事”，此句中不能用that。 That he came late made the teacher angry. 這個句子還是主語從句。從句中意思完整，所以用that來引導，起到一個標志作用。 【變式探究】 1 I try to understand __ prevents them from being as happy as one might expect although they are so rich. A. that B. what C. it D. whether 答案: B 解析:what引導賓語從句。 2 Although Mary is happy with her success she wonders __ will happen to her private life. A. that B. this C. it D. what 答案: D 解析:what引導賓語從句。 3 The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and __ I could have the money without delay. A. what B. that C.不填 D. whether 答案: B 解析:what只起連結詞作用，本身無義。 I have found out __ they will ask to lead the vic- tory march on Saturday. A. when B. where C. whom D. what 答案: C 解析:whom引導一個賓語從句，在賓語從句中又作ask的賓語。 5 It was not until dark he found he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. A. that; what B. that; that C. when; that D. when; that 答案: A 解析:這是一個帶有賓語從句的加強調句型。主句是not…until句型。 易錯點點睛 2 that引導的賓語從句，wh-引導的賓語從句以及某些特殊詞后所跟的賓語從句 1. As soon as he es back, I will tell him when and see him. A. you will e B. will you e C. you e D. do you e 3. The leaders of the battle ordered all of us the work on time. A. if;finished B. that;finish C. whether; finished D. what; finished 【錯誤解答】 A或C 【錯解分析】 許多考生認為A、C答案均講得通，即“任務是否要以接時完成”，但本題由于受ordered這個詞的限制，應該選B。其中finish為should finish的省略形式。 【正確解答】 B 4. Most of the university students are confident __ they can get a good job with higher pay. A. whether B. that C. where D. when 【特別提醒】 1.出at引導的賓語從句出at常用來引導賓語從句，通常that可以省略。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghaitomorrow．他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。 注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,hat從句 常用“(should)+動詞原形”的結構。 2.wh-引導的賓語從句 I want to know what he has told you．我想知道他告訴了你什么。 3.形容詞后所跟的賓語從句 某些動態(tài)形容詞(afraid，confident，aware，certain，sure，doubtful等)在句中做表語時，后面可跟賓語從句。 例句:I am confident that I can get the job．我有信心我可以得到這份工作。 【變式探究】 1 We can’t figure out __ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A.that B. as C. why D. when 3 Mr Smith suggested that all of the students __ their exercise books. A. handed in B. should hand in C. handing in D. that hand in 答案: B 解析:盡管動詞suggest用了過去式，但suggest后若跟賓語從句，則從句部分應用shoulddo結構。 易錯點點睛 3 that和wh-引導的主語從句及形式主語的幾種主要句型 1. After Yany Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 【錯誤解答】 C或D 【錯解分析】 本題考查主語從句。首先排除C，因為該主語從句缺成分，而that不充當任何成分的。where和 how只能充當狀語成分，而本句缺少do的賓語，因此應選B. 【正確解答】 B 3. It is a shame __ we lost that expensive car. A. that B. when C. as D. if 【錯誤解答】 B或D 【錯解分析】 很多考生不知道It在本句中作形式主語。本句實際上是It is／was a+名詞+that結構。 【正確解答】 A 【特別提醒】 (1)that引導的主語從句 that引導的主語從句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末，在實際應用中常常采用it形式主語形式。 That he passed the English test is true.→ It is true that he passed the English test. (2)形式主語的四個主要句型 It + be + 名詞 + that從句 It is a pity that...可惜的是，用于此句型的名詞還有fact／shame／honor／question等。 It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 It is certain that...很肯定，可用于此句型的形容詞還有clear／better／natural／important／neeessary. It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句 It is said that...據(jù)說，可用于此句型的過去分詞還有believed／known／reported等。 It + 不及物動詞 + that從句 如: It seems that...好像是……似乎…… 可用于此句型的不及物動詞還有happen，appear等。 【變式探究】 1 __ there is life on another planet is almost impossible. A. How B. That C. why D. Whether 答案: B 解析:That引導主語從句。 2 __ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next week. A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said 答案: B 解析:構成his／was十過去分詞+that結構。 3 __ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech. A. That B. He C. What D. It 答案: D 解析:It充當形式主語，when引導主語從句。 易錯點點睛 4 由that、wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句及從屬連詞引導的表語從句、同位語從句 1. A stroy goes __ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 2.—Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game? —oh, that’s __ A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever feels me about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 4. The question he asked was __ the electrical equipment should be stored. A. what B. which C. where D. because 【特別提醒】 1.that引導的表語從句 基本結構:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句例句: The fact is that we have lost the game. 2.wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句 That is why I tell you the news.那就是我為什么告訴你這個消息的原因。 3.從屬連詞as if,boecause,just as等引導的表語從句 It is because I have ever heard of the story.那是因為我曾經(jīng)聽說過這個故事。 4.同位語從句 同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea， information，message，news，order，problem，promise， question，repuest，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。 【變式探究】 1 The reason she gave for not being present was __ the heavy snow prevented her ing. A. /; because B. why; because C. /; that D. why; whether 4 What she wants to know is dress she should buy. A. that B. what C. which D. why 答案: C 解析:本題考查表語從句用法，從句意看，應該是表選擇關系，即“想買哪件衣服”。 5 He asked the question __ this material can stand high temperature. A. what B. why C. whether D. when 2 We all agree with him on __ he said. A. what B. that C. why D. how 答案: A 解析:置于介詞后的賓語從句一般不用that引導。本句充當said的賓語，故用what。 5 I’m sorry __ your mother is iii. A. whom B. if C. that D. how 答案: C 解析:主語+be+形容詞+that...結構。 6 We think it important __ we should keep the balance of nature. A. whether B. what C. that D. which 答案: B 解析:that引導賓語從句后置，it為形式賓語。 10 Things were not __ they seemed to be. A. what B. because C. that D. where 答案: A 解析:what引導表語從句。 11 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as ifit A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 答案: C 解析:在as if引導的表語從句中，謂動詞有時，可用虛擬語氣，如本題中“鉛筆似乎斷了”實際上未斷。 12 The reason I plan to go is __ if I don’t. A. because she will be disappointed B. that she will be disappointed C. because she will be disappointed D. on account of she will have a disappointed 答案: B 解析:that引導表語從句 15 It worried her a bit __ her hair was tunrning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 答案: B 解析:it是形式主語，that用來引導真正的主語，此時不可省略。 16 is known to all that WTO stands for World Trade Organization. A. Which B. What C. As D. It 答案: D 解析:it充當形式主語。 17 The fact she works hard is well known to us. A. that B. what C. why D. which 答案: A 解析:同位語從句。 18 The mountain is no longer __ it used to be. A. which B. that C. as D. what 21 I know nothing about her except __ she is from Canada. A. how B. when C. that D. why 答案: C 解析:that作介詞賓語從句。 22 What a pity__ is __you didn’t arrive by daylight. A. there; because B. it; that C. he ;when D. that; for 答案: B 解析:it充當形式主語，此句結構可還原成:It is a pity that... 23 __ we can? t get seems better than __ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 答案: A 解析:前一個what引導主語從句，且作get的賓語，后一個what作have的賓語。 24 It’s not yet clear __ of those will be chosen to do the job. A. that B. whom C. which D. whose 答案: C 解析:Which表選擇關系，引導主語從句，讓為形式主語。 28 __ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech. A. That B. He C. What D. It 答案: D 解析:it充當形式主語。 29 It worried her a bit __ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. whether 答案: B 解析:that引導主語從句，it此時為形式主語。 30 __ breaks the law should be punished. A. No matter who B. Whoever C. All D. Who 答案: B 解析:whoever引導主語從句，no matter who雖語 意相同，但不能引導主語從句。 31 __ is to practise using English often. A. That you should do B. Which you should do C. What you should do D. Whatever you do 34 She dresses well,but the trouble is __ the clothes she is wearing don’t go with each other very well. A. even if B. whether C. that D. if 答案: C 解析:that引導表語從句。 35 The suggestion __ students should learn some practical English is worth considering. A. if B. which C. / D. that 答案: D 解析:同位語從句。 36 __ they don’t like us is very clear. A. What B. That C. Which D. Where 答案: B 解析:that引導主語從句，可省，因為主語成分齊全。 37 __ yon’ve all had a wonderful vacation. A. It would be good that B. It is good that C. It was good that D. It will be good that 答案: B 解析:It is／was + 形容詞 + that結構。 41 I don’t doubt he will e. A. that B. if C. what D. whether 答案: A 解析:doubt前有否定詞時，只能用that引導。 42 It’s not clear he did it. A. who B. which C. whom D. why 答案: A 解析:why引導主語從句。 43 —I missed a word here in the sentence. —Well, that’s __ you were mistaken. A. when B. what C. where D. why 46 Never take __ for granted that I will help you. A. that B. it C. which D. that 48 Lei Feng was always thinking of __ he could help others. A. that B. how C. when D. which 答案: B 解析:how表方式，即“如何幫助別人”。 49 —The green typewriter is mine. —Do you know whose typewriter ? A. is this blue one B. this blue one C. is this blue D. this blue one is Ⅱ.完型填空 One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I 51 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, 52 he knew me. The man had a newspaper 53 in front of him, which he was 54 to read,but I could 55 that he was keeping an eye on me. when the waiter brought my 56 the man was clearly puzzled(困惑) by the 57 way in which the waiter and I 58 each other. He seened even more puzzled as 59 went on and it became 60 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got. Up and went into the 61 . When he came out,he paid his bill and 62 without another glance in my direction. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 63 . “Well,”he said, “that man ws a detective (偵探). He 64 you here because he though you were the man he 65 ”. “what?”I said,showing my 66 . The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I 67 say he looked very much like you ! Of course, since we know you, we told him that he had madea 68 .” “Well,it’s really 69 Icametoa restaurant where I’m known,”I said. “ 70 ,I might have been in trouble.” 51. A. knew B. understood C. noticed D. recognized 答案: C 解析:“注意到”一個人在我身邊，其他三項均不合句意。 52. A. since B. ever if C. though D. as if 答案: D 解析:“好像”認識我。 53. A. flat B. open C. cut D. fnted 57. A. dircet B. familiar C. strange D. funny 答案: B 解析:familiar意為“相同的，相似的”。 58. A. chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at D. talked about 答案: A 解析:chaaed with意為“閑聊”，符合語境。 59. A. the waiter B. time C. I D. the dinner 答案: B 解析:As time went on為固定用法，意為“隨著時間推移”。 60. A. true B. hopeful C. clear D. possible 答案: C 解析:clear意為“明顯”，此處只有clear符合語境。 61. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen 答案: D 解析:下文有提示。 62. A. left B. acted C. sat down D. calmed down 66. A. care B. surprise C. worry D. regret 答案: B 解析:細節(jié)推理題。 67. A. must B. can C. need D. may 答案: A 解析:細節(jié)理解題。 68. A. dicovery B. mistake C. decision D. fortune 答案: B 解析:make a mistake意為“犯了錯誤”。 69. A. a pity B. natural C. a chance D. lucky 答案: D 解析:我因到了這家餐館而倍感“幸運”。 70. A. Thus B. Howver C. Otherwise D. Therefore 答案: C 解析:otherwise意為“否則，不然”，符合語境。 Ⅲ．短文改錯 此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行作出判斷：如無錯誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個勾 (√)；如有錯誤(每行只有一個錯誤)，則按下列情況改正： 此行多一個詞：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。 此行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(＾)，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。 此行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下畫橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。 注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。 Dear friends, It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. 71 because we are all very much active and the activities are not 75 答案: 去掉much only enjoyable and also helpful. Besides, the foreign teachers 76 答案: and改為but here work hard and try his best to make the activities 77