北京市朝陽區(qū)2019年中考英語二輪復習 完形填空專講專練.doc

完形填空專講專練Ronnys Book教學目標1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。2. 掌握完形填空的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇完形填空中運用到的解題技巧。3. 通過完形填空高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累，及完形填空解題技巧的練習，靈活應對各種完形填空題。名師點撥知識篇“巧婦難為無米之炊”，在英語學習的過程中，語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于完形填空高頻詞和長難句的梳理，能夠為我們今后的學習和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句，快來看看你掌握了嗎？一、高頻詞【課前檢測學生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行。具體使用中可以刪去詞義詞性部分，給小例句提示。并標記出學生的實際掌握情況（優(yōu)良差）】單詞詞性及詞義示例備注掌握情況volunteerv. 自愿做 n.志愿者I volunteered as the Reading Mom in the first-grade classroom.相關(guān)詞：voluntarywayn.1)道路 2)方法 3)方面speechn. 1)演說 2)說話的能力He had a speech problemimprovev.提高；改善silentadj.沉默的；安靜的相關(guān)詞：silenceclosev.關(guān)閉 adj. 1)接近的 2)親密的adv. 靠近；緊挨著He sat very close to me相關(guān)詞：closedstrugglev./n.努力;戰(zhàn)斗;掙扎he struggled(努力) to read out.holdv.1)抓住;握住 2)堅持住3)舉行 4)認為I held an awards ceremony.they hold the world responsible for the consequence (后果).tearn.眼淚v.撕掉the order form torn from the catalog(商品目錄)leavev. 1)離開 2)留下 3)丟下leaving hints to my parentsIt never left his hands.returnv./n.1)回來 2)歸還3)恢復I returned to the school to visitplacen.地點；地方；地位v.放置I walked towards Ronny, and placed my hand on his shouldersatisfactionn.滿意；滿足相關(guān)詞：satisfy; satisfied; satisfying; satisfactorycontributionn.1)貢獻2)捐款相關(guān)詞：contribute; contributordisadvantagedadj.弱勢的相關(guān)詞：disadvantage; advantagecaren.照顧;小心v.關(guān)注;關(guān)心相關(guān)詞：careful; carelessturnv. 轉(zhuǎn)身;轉(zhuǎn)彎;翻書;變成n. 轉(zhuǎn)彎;(依次輪到)的機會; 轉(zhuǎn)變Please wait your turn.The weather turned cold.refusev.拒絕相關(guān)詞：turn downmanagev.設(shè)法做成;能解決;管理We managed to get to the airport in time. manage a weak smile(強顏歡笑)相關(guān)詞：manageable; management; manager priden.自豪;驕傲;自尊心相關(guān)詞：proudpromisev./n.承諾coverv. 1) 覆蓋 2)設(shè)計3)報道covering middle school eventssharev.共用;分享;分擔n.一份share informationEveryone must accept their share of the blame.presentadj.當前的;出席的n. 禮物;目前v.頒發(fā);贈送;展現(xiàn)His friends presented him with a set of golf clubs.You need to present yourself better.相關(guān)詞：at presentnoticen.注意;通知 v.注意到realizev.意識到seriousadj.嚴重的;嚴肅的;須重視的nervousadj.緊張的；憂慮的let go of放開keep back抑制;阻擋;隱瞞Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny.make a difference有影響;起(重要)作用二、長難句【課前檢測學生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行。可以根據(jù)提示分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子翻譯?！?. He sat very close to me and opened the book as if he was opening a treasure (that)nobody had ever seen.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句含有“as if”引導的狀語從句，意為“好像；仿佛”，狀語從句中含有省略that的定語從句，修飾treasure，表示“的”。句子翻譯：_他在我身邊坐下，翻開書，仿佛他在打開一個從未見過的寶藏。仿句練習：她聽的很認真，就好像她在學習一些她從未學過的知識。_Shelistenedcarefullyasifshe was learning something that she had never known.2. He hasnt put that book down since you gave it to him.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句含有“since”引導的時間狀語從句，意為“自從”，需注意主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句子翻譯：_自從你把這本書給他以后他就再也沒有放下過這本書。仿句練習：我自孩提時代起就已經(jīng)認識他了。_I have known him eversinceI was a child.3. Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny, placed my hand on his shoulder and asked, “Will you read me your book, Ronny?”結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句1. 含有“doing”做伴隨狀語的結(jié)構(gòu)； 2.主干部分是“walk; place; ask”的并列謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動作依次發(fā)生。句子翻譯：_收回眼淚，我走向Ronny，將我的手放在他的肩上，并說到“Ronny，能為我讀一讀你的書嗎？”仿句練習：說說笑笑著，我們站了起來，跑過田野，追逐蝴蝶。_Talking and laughing, we stood up, ran across the field, and chased butterflies.4. What a powerful contribution the writer of that Little Golden Book had made in the life of a disadvantaged child.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句是“what”引導的感嘆句，即“what + a/an + adj. +n.+主+謂”；并且含有短語“make a contribution”表示“（對）做出貢獻”。句子翻譯：_Little Golden Book（金色童書系列）的作者在一個弱勢的孩子的生活中產(chǎn)生了多么強有力的影響。仿句練習：我們在海濱度過一個多么精彩的暑假?。What a wonderful summer vacation we have spent at the seaside. 5. At that moment, I knew (that) I would get _40_ about my own writing and do what that writer had done, and probably still does care enough to write a story that changes a childs life, care enough to make a difference.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句含有1. 省略that的賓語從句 2. what引導的賓語從句 3. “does care”中的“does”起強調(diào)作用，意為“確實” 4.that引導的定語從句修飾名詞story。句子翻譯：_在那一刻，我知道我要_對待自己的寫作，做那位作家一樣的事情，并且盡可能的有確實足夠多的愛心寫出改變孩子一生的故事，有確實足夠多的愛心去產(chǎn)生影響。仿句練習：我們學生應該經(jīng)常和我們的父母交換意見，他們經(jīng)驗豐富而且他們是世界上最愛我們的人。(定從)_We students should often exchange ideas with our parents who are rich in experience and love us most in the world.方法篇“方法得當, 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累，沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于完形填空解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解完形填空的命題邏輯，在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上，能夠幫助我們爭取高分。親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了完形填空的解題技巧，快來看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解題步驟第一步通讀全文，把握脈絡跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關(guān)鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強調(diào)的重點是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達的寓意。第二步瞻前顧后，上下求索聯(lián)系上下文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞。【具體的解題策略會在下一部分詳細描述】第三步再讀文章，核查答案代入答案，再讀全文，反復檢查，爭取做到：結(jié)構(gòu)正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。二、完形填空解題策略方法方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法解釋“詞匯復現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上下義是指詞的總結(jié)和分解關(guān)系，上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞) 等重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。例題例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選D?！坷?：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通過上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越來越“健忘”。故選A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“難忘的”。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解釋“上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解，進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達的含義。例題例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通過上文 “each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B。】方法方法三：邏輯推理法解釋“邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需特別注意挖空處表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表順序等）。例題例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞“but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處想要表達的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！糠椒ǚ椒ㄋ模何幕尘俺ＷR法解釋“文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調(diào)動相關(guān)知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。例題例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！糠椒ǚ椒ㄎ澹汗潭ù钆浞ń忉屚晷翁羁找哉Z境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結(jié)合所學固定搭配選出正確答案。例題例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D。】例2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D。】語篇精講障礙閱讀【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原則，指導學生在障礙閱讀的前提下領(lǐng)悟文章的主要意思，防止學生理解跑偏】（朝陽一模）Ronnys BookRonny looked like every other kid in the first-grade classroom where I volunteered as the Reading Mom. However, Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways. He had a speech problem so he couldnt _31_ like other kids in his grade.I worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills. On the days when it was Ronnys _32_, Id give him a silent smile, and hed fly out of his chair. He sat very close to me and opened the book as if he was opening a treasure nobody had ever seen.I watched his fingers move slowly under each letter as he struggled(努力) to read out. Every time he _33_ to read a word with a strange pronunciation, the biggest smile would spread across his face and his eyes would shine with _34_ . It broke my heart each and every time.A few weeks before the school year ended, I held an awards ceremony(頒獎典禮). I _35_ Ronny with a book one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. Tears (眼淚）ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the _36_, not once. It never left his hands.A few days later, I returned to the school to visit. I _37_ Ronny on a chair near the playground, the book open in his lap. His teacher said, “ He hasnt put that book down since you gave it to him. Do you know thats his first book hes ever actually owned?”Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny, placed my hand on his shoulder and asked, “Will you read me your book, Ronny?” And then, for the next few minutes, he read to me more _38_ than Id ever thought possible from him. The pages were already dog-eared, like the book had been read thousands of times already. When he finished reading, Ronny closed his book and said with great satisfaction, “_39_ book!"What a powerful contribution (貢獻）the writer of that Little Golden Book had made in the life of a disadvantaged child. At that moment, I knew I would get _40_ about my own writing and do what that writer had done, and probably still does care enough to write a story that changes a childs life, care enough to make a difference.文章大意為（只給出關(guān)鍵詞即可）_參考關(guān)鍵詞：Ronny; speech problem; struggled(努力) to read out; a book; make a difference參考答案：With the writer and the teachers help, Ronny, a boy with speech problem, can read the book more clearly. Through Ronnys story, the writer knew what he had to do as a writer.【注：程度比較好的學生可以進行無選項填空訓練】語篇練習話題體裁詞數(shù)建議用時實際用時正確率難度人物故事類記敘文42712-15分鐘_/10（朝陽一模）Ronnys BookRonny looked like every other kid in the first-grade classroom where I volunteered as the Reading Mom. However, Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways. He had a speech problem so he couldnt _31_ like other kids in his grade.I worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills. On the days when it was Ronnys _32_, Id give him a silent smile, and hed fly out of his chair. He sat very close to me and opened the book as if he was opening a treasure nobody had ever seen.I watched his fingers move slowly under each letter as he struggled(努力) to read out. Every time he _33_ to read a word with a strange pronunciation, the biggest smile would spread across his face and his eyes would shine with _34_ . It broke my heart each and every time.A few weeks before the school year ended, I held an awards ceremony(頒獎典禮). I _35_ Ronny with a book one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. Tears (眼淚）ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the _36_, not once. It never left his hands.A few days later, I returned to the school to visit. I _37_ Ronny on a chair near the playground, the book open in his lap. His teacher said, “ He hasnt put that book down since you gave it to him. Do you know thats his first book hes ever actually owned?”Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny, placed my hand on his shoulder and asked, “Will you read me your book, Ronny?” And then, for the next few minutes, he read to me more _38_ than Id ever thought possible from him. The pages were already dog-eared, like the book had been read thousands of times already. When he finished reading, Ronny closed his book and said with great satisfaction, “_39_ book!"What a powerful contribution (貢獻）the writer of that Little Golden Book had made in the life of a disadvantaged child. At that moment, I knew I would get _40_ about my own writing and do what that writer had done, and probably still does care enough to write a story that changes a childs life, care enough to make a difference.31. A. readB. copy C. writeD. listen32. A. team B. termC. turnD. tour33. A. forgot B. decidedC. refusedD. managed34. A. fearB. prideC. promiseD. silence35. A. coveredB. sharedC. presentedD. pared36. A. handB. classC. bookD. chair37. A. noticedB. heardC. followedD. realized38. A. coldlyB. slowlyC. clearlyD. quietly39. A. SmallB. GoodC. NewD. old40. A. seriousB. nervousC. worriedD. surprised語篇精講：參考答案：3135 ACDBC 3640 CACBA文章大意：本文講的是Ronny一個有語言障礙的學生，在作者的鼓勵幫助下，能清晰的讀文章了。作者通過Ronny的故事明白了自己作為一個作家該寫些怎樣的書。答案解析：31. 通過上文“He had a speech problem”和因果連詞“so”，可知他發(fā)音有問題，因此可推斷出他不能像其他的孩子那樣讀書，故選A。32. 通過上文“I worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills.”可知作者一對一幫每個學生提高閱讀能力，因此可推斷出此處表示“當輪到Ronny的時候，我就給他一個無聲的微笑?！保蔬xC。33. 通過下文“.the biggest smile would spread across his face”，可知他臉上洋溢著微笑，因此可推斷出他應該是成功的讀出一個單詞，他才會微笑，故選D。34. 通過上文“.the biggest smile would spread across his face”和并列連詞“and”可知前后兩句表達的意思應該相近，故選B，表示眼睛里發(fā)出自豪的光芒。35. 通過上文“I held an awards ceremony(頒獎典禮)”可知作者舉行了一場頒獎典禮，再結(jié)合生活常識可以接下里應該是頒發(fā)獎品，故選C。36. 通過上文“Tears (眼淚）ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat.”可知Ronny很珍視這本書，因此可以推斷出這里表達的意思是他從未放下過這本書，故選C。37. 通過下文“Ronny on a chair near the playground, the book open in his lap.”可以推斷出這是作者看到的情景，故選A。38. 通過下文“The pages were already dog-eared, like the book had been read thousands of times already.”，可知這本書他都翻了很多遍，因此可推斷出他能清晰的讀出來了，故選C。39. 通過上文“said with great satisfaction”可知他對這本書很滿意，因此可推斷出他對這本書的評價應該很好，故選B。40. 通過語境可知作者通過Ronny的故事認識到書對于弱勢兒童群體的重要性，因此可推斷出他要認真對待他自己的寫作，故選A。精講筆記 【學生在教師的指導下，回顧本講中積累的完形填空的知識和方法】語篇中積累的詞匯【至少掌握10個】單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運用（鼓勵學生用所學詞匯造句）realize語篇中的學到的方法 【根據(jù)具體教學情況歸納總結(jié)】【至少掌握2個】方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法如：本篇文章中的36. (book )方法二：上下文推理法方法三：邏輯推理法方法四：文化背景常識法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)一、詞匯/短語翻譯單詞詞性及詞義備注1_v. 自愿做 n.志愿者2wayn.1)_ 2) _ 3) _3speechn. 1) _ 2) _翻譯：He had a speech problem4improve_5_adj.沉默的；安靜的6closev.關(guān)閉 adj. 1)接近的 2)親密的adv. _提示：He sat very close to me7struggle_翻譯：he struggled to read out. 8holdv.1)抓住;握住 2)堅持住3) _ 提示：I held an awards ceremony.9_v. 1)離開 2)留下 3)丟下10_v./n.1)回來 2)歸還3)恢復11placen.地點；地方；地位v. _提示：I walked towards Ronny, and placed my hand on his shoulder12satisfaction_Ronny said with great satisfaction, “Good book!"13contributionn.1) _ 2) _14disadvantaged_15_n.照顧;小心 v.關(guān)注;關(guān)心16turnv. 轉(zhuǎn)身;轉(zhuǎn)彎;翻書; _n. 轉(zhuǎn)彎; _; 轉(zhuǎn)變提示：Please wait your turn.The weather turned cold.17_v.拒絕18managev. _;能解決;管理提示：We managed to get to the airport in time. 19_n.自豪;驕傲;自尊心20promise_21share_22presentadj.當前的;出席的n. 禮物;目前v. _;_提示：His friends presented him with a set of golf clubs. / You need to present yourself better.23_n.注意;通知 v.注意到24realize_25_adj.嚴重的;嚴肅的;須重視的26_adj.緊張的；憂慮的27_adj.擔心的28let go of_29keep back_30make a difference_31.adj. 吃驚的二、句子翻譯1. 當輪到Ronny時，我會給他個無聲的微笑。_2. 他在我身邊坐下，翻開書，仿佛他在打開一個從未見過的寶藏。_3. 每次他成功地用奇怪的發(fā)音讀出一個單詞時，他的臉上就會洋溢燦爛的微笑，眼中閃爍著自豪的光芒。_4. 自從你把這本書給他以后他就再也沒有放下過這本書。_5. 收回眼淚，我走向Ronny，將我的手放在他的肩上，并說到“Ronny，能為我讀一讀你的書嗎？”_6. Ronny滿意地說到“好書！”。_7. Little Golden Book（金色童書系列）的作者在一個弱勢的孩子的生活中產(chǎn)生了多么強有力的影響。_完形練習（朝陽一模）During summer vacations, I would volunteer at the pet rescue (救助) centre, so I could see a lot of dogs. Minnie was the funniest-looking dog Id ever seen by far. Her body looked like a sausage. Her hair was too thin to 31 her body. Her eyes always seemed surprised, and her tail was so short that it looked like a rats tail. She looked so strange that her 32 didnt want her any more. She was brought to the centre. But I thought, “Minnie was kind and sweet. No one should laugh at her strange looking.” So I gave Minnie a good bath and 33 her in the newspaper: “Funny-looking dog, kind and sweet, needs loving 34 .”Later, a boy called me, but I warned him that Minnie was 35 . However, the boy told me that his grandfathers sixteen-year-old dog had just died. They wanted to keep Minnie very much. Hearing these words, I said that they could take Minnie away. I bed (梳) her hair, and gave her a good bath. Then we waited for them to arrive.At last, an old car stopped in front of the pet rescue centre. Two kids 36 to the door. They put Minnie into their arms and rushed out to their grandfather, who was waiting in the car. I hurried behind them to see his reaction (反應).Inside the car, the grandfather put Minnie in his arms and 37 her soft hair. She looked very relaxed and happy. “Shes perfect, and I like her!” the old man said. I was 38 that Minnie had found a good owner. Just at that time, I saw that the grandfathers eyes were a milky white color-he was blind. After that summer vacation, I missed Minnie so much. So I went back to the grandfathers house. The grandfather was walking in the garden with Minnie