湖南省高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第26講 閱讀簡(jiǎn)答（1）課件

第26講 閱讀簡(jiǎn)答（1）2 (2011湖南卷)Two weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband.After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasnt going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeling abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.3 Our driveway has a slope(斜坡) that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy, taking advantage of gravity. Instead of stopping at the end of the slope, I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably. Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter, but still very lazy. However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.4 After about one kilometer, however, I noticed that my upper body was tense. To make the movement easier I had to relax my body, and tried to take deep breaths of fresh air. I kept giving myself the excuse to stop. No one would be disappointed. No one would even know. But I didnt stop. I wanted to keep going harder, better, faster, stronger. To my great surprise, I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes. When I got back, I had tears in my eyes. I did something I thought I could never do.5 It was the first long run of my life. Since then, I have improved my stride(步幅) and time.After every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. I love the runners high. I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good.6 81Why did the author feel guilty？(No more than 9 words)(2 marks)_ 82What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago? (No more than 11 words)(2 marks)_ 83What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop？(No more than 9 words) (3 marks)_ 84How is running different from jogging to the author？(No more than 14 words) (3 marks)_ 本文為記敘文。記敘了作者第一次長(zhǎng)跑的經(jīng)歷。 81. She had a quarrel with her husband. (2分)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知答案。 82. She failed to jog to the end of the street. (2分)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句可知答案。 83. No one would be disappointed or even know. (3分) 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句可知答案。 84. Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good. (3分)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知答案。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥8閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：(1)語(yǔ)意相同或相近且語(yǔ)法正確，酌情給分。(2)實(shí)詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，每個(gè)扣0. 5分，但所扣分?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)該題總分。(3)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，每處扣0. 5分，但所扣分?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)該題總分。(4)各小題均不得超過(guò)規(guī)定詞數(shù)，否則酌情扣分。9示例：81. (1) She did something wrong. (扣1分)(2) A quarrel或Had a quarrel. (扣1分)82. (1)She didnt manage to go to the end of the street. (扣1分)(2)(To) the end of the street. (扣1分)10示例：83. (1) I would never disappoint anybody if I stopped. (扣1分)(2) No one would be disappointed. (扣1.5分)(3) No one would even know. (扣1.5分)11示例：84. (1) I jog to look good and run to feel good. (扣 0.5分)(2) At every run she feels fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. (扣1.5分)(3) She jogs because she wants to look good. (扣1.5分)(4) She wants to run because it makes her feel good. (扣1.5分)(5) At every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. (扣2分) 一、明確設(shè)題類型 通過(guò)對(duì)2007、2008、2009、2010年湖南省4套閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題的分析，我們可以總結(jié)出該題型的命題設(shè)計(jì)類型一般有以下四種：同義詞和近義詞猜測(cè)型；具體細(xì)節(jié)理解型；概括主旨大意和確定文章標(biāo)題型；判斷推理寫(xiě)作態(tài)度和意圖型。 二、解題步驟 1正確審題：一是對(duì)問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容正確理解；二是對(duì)問(wèn)題的要求準(zhǔn)確把握。 2查找相關(guān)信息，使答案有據(jù)可查、有本可依，保證答案內(nèi)容正確。 3正確表達(dá)答案要有針對(duì)性，避免答非所問(wèn)。 三、解題技巧 1合理安排答題時(shí)間：該題參考的合適時(shí)間是10分鐘，即6分鐘閱讀文章和題目要求，4分鐘書(shū)寫(xiě)答案和檢查核對(duì)。 2書(shū)寫(xiě)答案時(shí)，要注意大小寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。即使答案只有一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)，第一個(gè)字母也要大寫(xiě)，而且別忘了用英文句點(diǎn)。 3注意表達(dá)的簡(jiǎn)潔性，不要增加與原文無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)應(yīng)用壓縮和組織信息的方法。 4答案表述時(shí)不能出現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)、句式、詞形等語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)還要盡量注意表達(dá)對(duì)稱和前后左右的語(yǔ)言形式。 5答問(wèn)的協(xié)調(diào)性。一定要注意提問(wèn)方式和答案的協(xié)調(diào)性。不同類型的問(wèn)題要求有不同形式的回答，不能僅僅為了答案的簡(jiǎn)潔而忽略了問(wèn)題與回答在形式上的對(duì)應(yīng)。例如，就目的提問(wèn)，答案就應(yīng)當(dāng)用表示目的用語(yǔ)，如for短語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)；就原因提問(wèn)，答案應(yīng)當(dāng)用because of 短語(yǔ)或because 從句；就事件的可能性提問(wèn)，答案通常用簡(jiǎn)短而完整的簡(jiǎn)單句；提問(wèn)詞是what，多用名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句來(lái)回答；提問(wèn)詞是how，則多用“by doing sth./ by means of sth.” 的形式回答。 四、詞義猜測(cè)型、細(xì)節(jié)理解型的具體解題方法 這類題的目的在于考查考生轉(zhuǎn)述(paraphrase)或解釋(explain)某個(gè)詞或語(yǔ)句在特定場(chǎng)合下的特定含義的能力。該類題要求考生不僅要讀懂原文，而且要表達(dá)出來(lái)。要注意該題型與閱讀理解題中的詞義猜測(cè)題略有不同，它通常要求從本篇文章中找到與畫(huà)線部分生詞或短語(yǔ)意思相同的熟悉的詞或短語(yǔ)?？疾榭忌ㄟ^(guò)上下文，結(jié)合已知的信息，猜測(cè)尚不熟悉的詞或短語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步考查對(duì)文章詞句的理解深度。詞義猜測(cè)型 該類題常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有： Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word. The word “” in line / paragraphrefers to The expression “” in line / paragraphis closest in meaning to 解答這類題時(shí)，要注意找出原詞在文章中的同義替換詞。如果沒(méi)有，還要注意破折號(hào)、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、插入語(yǔ)等具有解釋、說(shuō)明作用的語(yǔ)言成分。 該類題與傳統(tǒng)的詞義猜測(cè)題不同的一點(diǎn)在于，它要求考生在通讀全文或文章一部分的基礎(chǔ)上找出一個(gè)與文章中特定的詞同義或近義的詞，而不是從所提供的備選選項(xiàng)中直接選出答案。要做好此類題，首先要具備一定的詞匯量和必要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，同時(shí)，還要有一定的閱讀技巧。文章中的每一個(gè)詞都與文章本身有著眾多的聯(lián)系，通過(guò)分析這些因素，我們就會(huì)得出閱讀材料中某個(gè)詞的明確意義。 我們可以采用以下方法做題： 直接定義猜詞法；利用標(biāo)志詞或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)猜詞；利用定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等句法現(xiàn)象猜詞；依據(jù)文章中的邏輯關(guān)系猜詞；利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞；利用上下文信息或暗示猜詞。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題所占比重最大，以how, what, why提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題為主。做題時(shí)首先要審清題目要求，然后用直接定位的方法找到所需要的細(xì)節(jié)在文章中的出處。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，考生在文章中找到答案出處并不太難。但關(guān)鍵是如何從答案出處中歸納出問(wèn)題的答案，因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)答題要求考生要用最簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)言回答，而不能原封不動(dòng)地照搬原文的整句話。所以，需要轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)方式，通?？刹捎迷~語(yǔ)替代、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換、分句合并和句型轉(zhuǎn)換等方式來(lái)達(dá)到這個(gè)目的。細(xì)節(jié)理解型 壓縮信息常見(jiàn)的解決方法有： 1短語(yǔ)單詞化例：We are not_in_favor_of smoking in public places. Were against smoking in public places.練：It is time to put_an_end_to racial discrimination. It is time to end racial discrimination.2句子短語(yǔ)化例：The girl who_had_been_caught_stealing was set free at last. The girl caught_stealing was set free at last.練：While_he_was_reading_the_book,_he heard a loud noise. Reading_the_book，he heard a loud noise.3符號(hào)替代法例：One_dollar_and_eightyseven_cents was all Della had saved. $1.87 was all Della had saved.練：Jacks apartment is one_hundred_and_two_square_meters. Jack has an apartment of 102m2.4間接替代法例：China as well as some other countries wont_threaten_any_other_country,_for_it_never_has_the_intention_to_invade_other_countries. A_peaceloving_country like China wont be threatening.練：The judge punished those_who_had_driven_too_fast by fining 200 yuan each. Those_overspeeding_drivers/The_trafficlaw_breakers were punished by the judge. 5轉(zhuǎn)換法 (1)詞語(yǔ)替代法。此法是指用詞性相同的同義詞，近義詞或同義詞組，反義詞組對(duì)原句的某些成分進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的替代，而句子的結(jié)構(gòu)保持不變。例：Is Meimei at_home?Is Meimei in?練：An idea suddenly came_to_my_mind. An idea suddenly occurred_to_me. (2)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法。此法是指利用某些派生詞或詞性相異的詞組來(lái)替代原句中的某些成分，這時(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)發(fā)生變化。例：The_rain_was_very_heavy last night. It rained_heavily last night. (3)合并分句法。把兩個(gè)意義相關(guān)的簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。 例：He is a new teacher. He_is_called Sun Jun. He is a new teacher called Sun Jun.練 ： T h e w o m a n i s o u r n e w d i r e c t o r . She_is_wearing_red_clothes.The woman in_red_/_wearing_red_clothes is our new director. (4)句型轉(zhuǎn)換法。句型轉(zhuǎn)換是句子類別的轉(zhuǎn)換，它要求學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞形的變化做到概念清楚，運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確。 比較狀語(yǔ)從句句型轉(zhuǎn)換：最高級(jí)比較級(jí)than any other/the otherno other 原級(jí)as例：Li Lei is taller_than_any_other_student in his class. Li Lei is the_tallest_student in his class. 練：This flower is more_beautiful_than_any_other flower at the exhibition.No_other_flowers_are_as_beautiful_as_this_one at the exhibition.This_flower_is_the_most_beautiful_one at the exhibition. 狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式轉(zhuǎn)換例：The little girl was so_tired_that_she_couldnt_go farther.The little girl was too_tired_to_go farther.練：The bear wants to climb the tree in_order_that_it_can get the apple on it.The bear wants to climb the tree in_order_to get the apple on it. 賓語(yǔ)從句與不定式轉(zhuǎn)換例：We all hope that_we_will_be_able_to_play games on the sports field.We all hope to_play games on the sports field. 練：He_ordered_that_we_should do our homework in the classroom after school.He ordered_us_to do our homework in the classroom after school. 從句轉(zhuǎn)換例：He will miss the train if_he_does_not_take_a_taxi.He will miss the train unless_he_takes_a_taxi. 從句與分詞、動(dòng)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換例：When_I_was_going_shopping_yesterday,_I came_across an old friend of mine. Going_shopping_yesterday,_I met an old friend of mine. 練：I suggest that_you_should_phone your aunt before turning_up at her house.I suggest you_calling your aunt before visiting her house.