廣東省中考英語 語法考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí) 數(shù)詞課件

表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；如：twenty, one hundred等; 表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。如：second, thirty-first等。 (1)基數(shù)詞的基本用法 (2)序數(shù)詞的基本用法考點(diǎn)一-基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成和讀法 1one 7seven 13thirteen19nineteen 70seventy 2two 8eight 14fourteen 20twenty 80eighty 3three 9nine 15fifteen 30thirty 90ninety 4four 10ten 16sixteen 40forty 100one hundred5five 11eleven 17seventeen 50fifty 1000one thousand6six12twelve 18eighteen 60sixty 1,000,000one million 觀察上面表格我們不難看出：觀察上面表格我們不難看出：1. 112的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞。如：的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞。如： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve 2. 1319的基數(shù)詞以的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如：結(jié)尾。如： fourteen，seventeen 但但13，15，18較特殊，較特殊， 13thirteen; 15fifteen; 18eighteen 3. 2090的整十位均以的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如：結(jié)尾。如： sixty，ninety， 但但20，30，40，50，80較特殊，較特殊，20twenty, 30thirty, 40forty, 50fifty, 80eighty4. 十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”，如：，如： 28twenty-eight 96ninety-six5. 百位和十位百位和十位(若無十位則和個位若無十位則和個位)之間加之間加and，如：如：148one hundred and forty-eight 406four hundred and six 6. hundred（百），（百），thousand（千），（千），million（百（百萬），萬），billion（十億）等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞，（十億）等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞，也不能在它們的后面加也不能在它們的后面加s。如：如： 六百六百six hundred 八百萬八百萬 eight million7. 1000以上的數(shù)字，從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個逗以上的數(shù)字，從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個逗號號“,” 第一個逗號前為千（第一個逗號前為千（thousand），）， 第二個逗號前為百萬（第二個逗號前為百萬（million），）， 第三個逗號前為第三個逗號前為billion（十億）。（十億）。 英語中沒有英語中沒有“萬萬”這個詞，我們可以用這個詞，我們可以用“幾十個幾十個千（千（thousand）”表示幾萬，表示幾萬，“幾百個千（幾百個千（thousand）”表示表示“幾十萬幾十萬”如：如： 2,510 two thousand five hundred and ten 84,296 eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six 274,350 two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty( ) 1. The library in the school isnt large. Therere only _ books in it.A. six thousand, five hundred and forty-one B. six thousands and five hundreds and forty-oneC. six thousands, five hundred forty and one D. six thousand, five hundreds and fourth-one( ) 2. 999 should be read _. A. nine hundred and ninety ninth B. nine hundred and ninety-nine C. nine hundred ninety-nine D. nine hundreds and ninety-nine考點(diǎn)二 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，有特別之處。 1. onefirst , twosecond , threethird , fivefifth , nineninth , twelvetwelfth 2. 以-ty結(jié)尾的單詞，要先變y為i, 再加-eth. 如： thirty thirtieth , fiftyfiftieth 3. 以one, two, three 等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞，要將個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。 如： twenty-onetwenty-first one hundred and oneone hundred and first 具體變化如下表所示：數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣1 onefirst30 thirtythirtieth基變序，有規(guī)律，末尾加上-th；“一、二、三”特殊記，結(jié)尾字母tdd;（即：first, second, third）“八”減t, “九”減e，f要把-ve替；(fivefifth )-ty把y變成i, 記住th前有個e. (sixtysixtieth )如果遇到幾十幾，只變個位就可以。2 twosecond40 fortyfortieth3 threethird50 fiftyfiftieth5 fivefifth60 sixtysixtieth8 eighteighth70seventyseventieth9 nineninth80 eightyeightieth12twelvetwelfth90 ninetyninetieth20twentytwentieth96ninety-sixninety-sixth考點(diǎn)三 數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用 1. 時刻的表示：小時、點(diǎn)鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。 表達(dá)方式時 間讀 法示 例順讀法整點(diǎn)基數(shù)詞 + (oclock)9:00nine (oclock)幾點(diǎn)幾分鐘點(diǎn)數(shù) + (O) + 分鐘數(shù)9:05nine (O) five幾點(diǎn)幾十分鐘點(diǎn)數(shù) + 分鐘數(shù)9:40nine forty逆讀法30分鐘分鐘數(shù) +（minutes) past +鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)9:10ten (minutes) past nine30分鐘到下一個鐘點(diǎn)所差的分鐘數(shù) +（minutes) + to +下一個鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)9:50ten (minutes) to ten 30分鐘half past + 鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)9:30half past nine說 明使用逆讀法時，15分，45分可以用a quarter表示。 如：9:45 a quarter to ten2. 年月日的表示（1）“年份”用基數(shù)詞。如： 1999年nineteen ninety-nine；1900年nineteen hundred； 2000年(the year)two thousand； 1905年nineteen o five；（2）“年”用基數(shù)詞，“日”用序數(shù)詞。如： 1998年6月8日 寫作：June 8，1998； 讀作：June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eight （3）12個月份的寫法一月January(Jan)四月April(Apr)七月July(Jul)十月October(Oct)二月February(Feb)五月May八月August(Aug)十一月November(Nov)三月March(Mar)六月June(Jun)九月September(Sep)十二月December(Dec)注意：月份的第一個字母要大寫，和日期連用時可用縮寫形式。( ) 3. Five to Five is _. A. 5:05 B.4:05 C. 4:55 D. 5:55( ) 4. Whats the English for 8:30? A. eight and thirty B. eight to thirty C. half past eight D. half eight( ) 5. The book came out _. A. on May, 2009 B. in May 2009 C. at 2009, May D. for May, 2009( ) 6. Jack was born _. A. in 1975, May 1B. on May 1, 1975 C. at May 1, 1975D. on 1975, May 13. 世紀(jì)、年代表示法(在)90年代 (in) the nineties(在)19世紀(jì) (in) the nineteenth century (在)18世紀(jì)30年代 (in) the1730s或1730s4. 表示“在某人幾十幾歲”時，用基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: in his thirties在他三十幾歲時5編號的表示(1)Lesson One the first lesson 第一課 Line Three = the third line 第3列(2)Bus No.3 the No.3 bus 3路公共汽車(3)表示住所時不用“No”。如： 302房間Room 302(讀作:room three o two);(4)如果編號的數(shù)詞比較長，一般用基數(shù)詞。如： Page 457 第457頁(5)電話號碼，用基數(shù)詞。如： 3855637three eight five five (double five) six three seven( ) 7. My family moved to Dongguan _. A. in 1990s B. in the 1990 C. in the 1990s D. on the 1990s( ) 8. My uncle began to work in this school_. A. on his forty B. at age of fortieth C. when he forty D. in his forties( ) 9. What should we do now, Mr Clark? Please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture. A. Twelve; fifth B. Twelfth; fifth C. Twelve; five D. Twelfth; five( ) 10. Unit _ is easy but _ unit is difficult. A. Sixth; seven B. Six; seven C. Sixth; the seventh D. Six; the seventh6分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。如：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。如：1/3 one third; 1/9 one ninth分子大于分子大于“1”，分母則加，分母則加“s”。 如：如：2/3 two thirds； 7/8 seven eighths另外還有一些特殊的詞，如：另外還有一些特殊的詞，如：1/2 a(one)half; 1/4 one fourth或或a(one)quarter;3/4 three fourths或或three quarters ( ) 11. About_of the students like keeping diaries in English in our class. A. two fifth B. two fifths C. second five D. two five( ) 12. Therere many students in our school. _ of them _ girls. A. One third; is B. One third; are C. Two thirds; is D. One thirds；are7. 表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞，小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀point, 0讀o 或zero, 小數(shù)點(diǎn)后的數(shù)字按個位基數(shù)詞依次讀出即可。 如：7.05 seven point o five 3.14159 three point one four one five nine8表示百分?jǐn)?shù), 百分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞+ percent 來表示。如：50：fifty percent 0.8： zero point eight percent 考點(diǎn)四 其它用法 1基數(shù)詞單數(shù)名詞形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如： a five-year-old boy 一個五歲的男孩an 800-meter-long bridge 一座800米長的橋2基數(shù)詞meter(s)kilometer(s)kilo(s) + long/high/tall /deep /away等。如：My home is five kilometers away from our school. 我家離學(xué)校五公里遠(yuǎn)。The Yangzi River is 6,300 kilometers long 長江長6300公里3. hundred, thousand, million等表示數(shù)量的詞前面如有基數(shù)詞，用來修飾后面的名詞表示精確數(shù)量時，本身不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，名詞才用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：兩千人 two thousand people; 三百米 three hundred meters但在表示含糊數(shù)量時要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，并要與of 連用。如：hundreds of 數(shù)百的thousands of 數(shù)千的或成千上萬的millions of 數(shù)百萬的如：數(shù)千人thousands of people 試比較：two hundred books / hundreds of booksthree thousand trees / thousands of trees ( ) 13. Kate is _ girl. Shes very happy at school. A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-oldC. an eighteen-years-old D. a eighteen-years-old( ) 14. How tall is the wall?Its _.A. ten meters tall B. ten-meter tall C. ten meter tall D. ten-meters tall( ) 15. When he arrived at the airport, Lee Minho found that fans were waiting for him there.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of( ) 16. Food Safety has become one of the hottest topics recently. Yeah, it receives _ Internet hits(點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊擊) a day. A. thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. ten thousands4. 序數(shù)詞在使用時，一般在其前面加定冠the或物主代詞等限定詞。如：the first time 第一次 his second son他的第二個兒子5. 如果序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞a/an，則表示“又一，再一”。如：Ive tried twice. And I want a third try. 我已經(jīng)試過兩次了，還想再試一次。( ) 17. Susan lives on the _ floor and we are neighbors. A. four B. fourth C. fourteenD. forty( ) 18. To many foreigners, Guangzhou has become their _ home town. A. two B. second C. the second D. twice( ) 19. Would you like to try _ time? A. two B. second C. a two D. a second6. 分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞來確定，如果不可數(shù)名詞就要用單數(shù)，是可數(shù)名詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One third of the students in our class have been to the Great Wall. Four fifths of the water is drunk by the children.7. 表示時間、距離、價格、重量、數(shù)目、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語做主語時，表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Ten years has passed. 10 kilometers is a long way to him. He is too tired.( ) 20. _ of the coats _ made of cotton. They feel comfortable. A. Two-thirds; is B. Two-thirds; are C. Two-third; is D. Two-third; are( ) 21. In that factory, _ of the work _ done by machines. A. fourth five; is B. four fifths; are C. four fifths; is D. fourth five; are( ) 22. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were7.英語中加減乘除的讀法 12 =3 one plus two is three 54 =1 five minus four is one 2 3 =6 two times three is six (two multiplied by three is six) 8 4=2 eight divided by four is two 考點(diǎn)五 熟記一些重要的表達(dá) 1. in ones twenties 在某人二十多歲時6. one and a half hours = one hour and a half 一個半小時2. in the nineties 在九十年代7. two more hours = another two hours 再兩個小時3. an 11-year-old boy 一個十一歲的男孩8. a ten-minute walk = ten minutes walk 步行十分鐘的路程4. a 20-meter-tall tree 一顆20米高的樹9. one or two days = a day or two 一兩天5. half an hour 半個小時10. every other day = every two days 每隔兩天 數(shù)詞是中考重點(diǎn)備考內(nèi)容之一，題型主要有單項(xiàng)選擇和短文填空，重點(diǎn)考查在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用數(shù)詞的能力。應(yīng)注意的問題有: 1. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的讀寫和詞形變化；2. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的基本用法；3. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法；4. 與hundred, thousand, million 變化有關(guān)的題目。