2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 1 Friendship（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Unit 1 Friendship 一、閱讀理解。 If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life，new research may e as a shock. According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(動(dòng)脈).Over time，this can cause serious injuries. Peter Schnohr，a researcher in Copenhagen，said，“If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy，jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary，and it may be harmful.” The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi，yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events，triathlons and long-distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott，another researcher involved in the study，“You don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much”. 1.The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph l is closest in meaning to“___________”. A. hard B. regular C. practical D. flexible 2.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to ___________. A. suggest giving up jogging B. show risks of doing sports C. provide supportive evidence D. introduce the research process 3.According to the scientists，why is too much exercise harmful？ A. It may injure the heart and arteries. B. It can make the body tired out. C. It will bring much pressure. D. It consumes too much energy. 4.What can be inferred from the text? A. No exercise at all is the best choice. B. More exercise means a healthier life. C. Marathons runners are least likely to die. D. Proper exercise contributes to good health. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了做運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)多或過(guò)少都對(duì)身體有害，只有做適量的運(yùn)動(dòng)才對(duì)身體有益。 1.A 【解析】考查詞義推測(cè)。hard耗費(fèi)體力的；regular有規(guī)律的；practical實(shí)際的；flexible靈活的。由第一段最后一句“According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.”可知，一點(diǎn)不做運(yùn)動(dòng)的人和非常艱苦鍛煉的人都極有可能死，故應(yīng)選A。 3.A 【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第二段倒數(shù)第二句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(動(dòng)脈).”可知，做過(guò)多的運(yùn)動(dòng)有害是因?yàn)樗赡軅π呐K和動(dòng)脈，故應(yīng)選A。 4.D 【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，做運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)多或過(guò)少都對(duì)身體有害，只有做適量的運(yùn)動(dòng)才對(duì)身體有益，故應(yīng)選D。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．It was when I got back to my apartment ________I first came across my new neighbors. 答案：that　本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填that。 2．Lily cant fall asleep, extremely ________ (concern) about the result of her maths test. 答案：concerned　短語(yǔ)be concerned about ... “擔(dān)憂，掛念……”，本句中逗號(hào)后沒(méi)有連詞，故逗號(hào)后的部分為狀語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)用形容詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 3．Its no pleasure ________ (go) camping on such a foggy day. 答案：going　Its no pleasure doing sth. “做某事沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣”。 4．The little boy is clever enough to have no trouble ________ (find) his house without others help. 答案：finding　have no trouble doing sth. “做某事沒(méi)困難”。 5．There was no ________ (agree), and the proposal was accepted. 答案：disagreement　由形容詞no可知，本空應(yīng)填名詞，再由后一分句“建議被接受了”可知，應(yīng)填名詞disagreement。 6．He happened ________ (know) the secret, so I neednt tell him. 答案：to have known　happen to do sth. “碰巧做某事”，再由后一并列分句“沒(méi)有必要告訴他”可知，前一分句謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)用不定式的完成式。 7．He set his alarm clock before going to bed in order ________ (get) up earlier than usual the next morning. 答案：to get　in order to do sth. “為了做某事”。 8．Several weeks had gone by ________ they knew the painting was missing. 答案：before　before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“在……以前”，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 9．While ________ (wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground. 答案：waiting　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞，故從句中省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，填waiting。while waiting可看作是while I was waiting的省略。 10．The windows havent been cleaned for at least a year and are ________ (dust) now. 答案：dusty　dusty “臟的，布滿塵土的”，是形容詞，在此處作表語(yǔ)。 三、完形填空。 Something quite tragic(悲劇的)happened in our home.It had a __1__ effect on our lives.It __2__ the way we relax and even where we sit.There was no fire or flood...we __3__ our WiFi service，for over a week. I was raised in the preWiFi era，so I was relatively __4__ to the situation.My children，__5__，did not have this training.When given the news that there was no WiFi in the house，their first __6__ was：“But，what will we do？”Fortunately，the TV still worked，although the children were __7__ to find that it had only 70＋ channels. For the children，a(n) __8__ challenge was homework，most of which is now given online.The lack of broadband seemed to provide a new __9__ of “the dog ate my homework”excuse.My daughter __10__ that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily __11__ due to a leak，but she thought that our lack of WiFi was __12__.“Because you can go to the shop and buy water，right？” My husband and I need the Internet to __13__ us to work at home.Luckily，Ive found out that these days you can go to the shop to __14__ WiFi.Although expensive，it allows you to set up your own WiFi network __15__.Buying 1 GB of data makes you view your broadband differently.I dont want to __16__ it like leaving a tap running.We log on to the WiFi network and do what we have to do as __17__ as possible and log off. The changes that __18__ has created in our daily life have occurred without us really __19__.The __20__ part of our time without WiFi was seeing the children make forts(堡壘)out of the sofa cushions，which they havent done in years. 1．A.possible B．modest C．positive D．huge 2．A.explored B．challenged C．improved D．guaranteed 3．A.received B．booked C．lost D．bought 4．A.addicted B．a(chǎn)ccustomed C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．a(chǎn)ttached 5．A.however B．therefore C．otherwise D．besides 6．A.impression B．inspiration C．response D．request 7．A.excited B．grateful C．embarrassed D．desperate 8．A.avoidable B．major C．enjoyable D．simple 9．A.version B．translation C．dimension D．collection 10．A.repeated B．promised C．observed D．ignored 11．A.fixed up B．cut off C．used up D．laid in 12．A.worse B．better C．clearer D．more 13．A.force B．encourage C．remind D．enable 14．A.look into B．search for C．purchase D．borrow 15．A.easily B．securely C．firmly D．constantly 16．A.share B．a(chǎn)nalyze C．store D．waste 17．A.steadily B．quickly C．properly D．smoothly 18．A.technology B．information C．knowledge D．intelligence 19．A.reflecting B．hearing C．a(chǎn)ppreciating D．noticing 20．A.rigid B．tough C．bright D．necessary 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了WiFi對(duì)“我”家生活的影響。 【核心詞匯】have an effect on對(duì)……有影響　temporarily adv.暫時(shí)地　log on登錄　occur v．發(fā)生 1．D　根據(jù)上下文可知，家里沒(méi)有WiFi對(duì)我們生活的影響是巨大的(huge)。possible“可能的”；modest“謙虛的”；positive“積極的”。 2．B　根據(jù)前一句“It had a __1__ effect on our lives”和下文的“But，what will we do”可知，平時(shí)家里離不開WiFi，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有了，當(dāng)然對(duì)我們平時(shí)的生活方式產(chǎn)生挑戰(zhàn)。explore“探索”；improve“提升”；guarantee“保證”。 3．C　根據(jù)下文的“When given the news that there was no WiFi in the house”可知，我們家里失去(lost) WiFi一個(gè)多星期；receive“收到”；book“訂購(gòu)”；buy“購(gòu)買”。 4．B　根據(jù)第二段第一句“I was raised in the preWiFi era”可知，“我”是在沒(méi)有WiFi的時(shí)代長(zhǎng)大的，因此對(duì)于沒(méi)有了WiFi也是比較習(xí)慣的(accustomed)，be accustomed to表示“習(xí)慣于”。 5．A　根據(jù)上下文可推知，“我”習(xí)慣無(wú)WiFi的生活，但是孩子們不習(xí)慣。上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選however。 6．C　根據(jù)空后的“But, what will we do”可知空處指的是他們的第一反應(yīng)(response)。 7．D　根據(jù)上下文可知，沒(méi)有WiFi只有電視，且電視頻道只有70多個(gè)，孩子們很絕望。excited“興奮的”；grateful“感激的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”；desperate“絕望的”。 8．B　根據(jù)本句的定語(yǔ)從句“most of which is now given online”可知，家庭作業(yè)應(yīng)是孩子們的主要(major)挑戰(zhàn)。avoidable“可避免的”；enjoyable“令人愉快的”；simple“簡(jiǎn)單的”。 9．A　空后的“the dog ate my homework”表示“狗吃了我的作業(yè)”，此處表示沒(méi)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)是這種借口的一個(gè)新提法，故選A。 10．C　根據(jù)空后的賓語(yǔ)從句“that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily__11__ due to a leak”可知，這些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是女兒講出來(lái)(observed)的。 repeat“重復(fù)”；promise“承諾”；ignore“忽略”；observe“觀察，說(shuō)，評(píng)論”。 11．B　根據(jù)該空后的“due to a leak”可推知，水管漏水了，供水會(huì)被暫時(shí)中斷(cut off)。 12．A　根據(jù)上下文可知，女兒認(rèn)為我們沒(méi)有WiFi更糟糕(worse)。 13．D　根據(jù)上下文可知，為了能夠在家工作，丈夫和“我”需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。enable sb.to do sth.表示“使某人能做某事”。 14．C　根據(jù)下文的“Although expensive”可知，“我”去商店買(purchase)WiFi。 look into“調(diào)查”；search for“尋找”；borrow“借”。 15．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，買了WiFi，“我”建立自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)就容易了。 16．D　根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ike leaving a tap running(像讓水管的水不停地流著一樣)”可知，我們知道讓水管的水不停地流著意味著“浪費(fèi)”，故選D。 17．B　根據(jù)上下文可知，當(dāng)“我”上網(wǎng)做事時(shí)，“我”是盡快地做，as quickly as possible表示“盡快地”。 18．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，技術(shù)已經(jīng)引起了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹母淖儯@些改變?cè)谖覀儧](méi)有注意(noticing)的情況下發(fā)生了。 19．D　參見上題解析。reflect“反思”；hear“聽到”；appreciate“欣賞”。 20．C　根據(jù)該空后的“without WiFi was seeing the children make forts(堡壘)out of the sofa cushions，which they havent done in years”可知，沒(méi)有了WiFi，孩子們可以在一起玩，這是愉快的(bright)事情。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．He spoke calm to them trying to pour oil on troubled waters but it was useless. ________________________________________________________ 答案：calm→calmly　副詞calmly “鎮(zhèn)靜地”修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)spoke to。 2．There was a time that the two countries were at war. ________________________________________________________ 答案：that→when　There was a time when ... 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“曾經(jīng)/一度/有一段時(shí)間……”。 3．Exact speaking, I disagree with you on this matter. ________________________________________________________ 答案：Exact→Exactly　exactly speaking 為固定搭配，意為“確切地說(shuō)”。 4．He said that he had fallen in love with Mary for two years and would get married the next year. ________________________________________________________ 答案：fallen→been　be in love with可與時(shí)間段連用，fall in love with 表示瞬時(shí)動(dòng)作，不可以與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 5．I have never heard of the names you added up to the list. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉up　add to “添加”，add up to “合計(jì)為”。根據(jù)句意去掉up。 五、七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Good Money Habits Its the right time for a financial plan. Most plans are made in extreme excitement — when you get a pay rise, or after reading a selfhelp book. __1__ Here are some tips that will help you stay the course all year round. ●Take baby steps. The other day a colleague said, “I have decided to wake up at 6：30 a．m., starting tomorrow.” But she usually woke up at 8：30. Two hours earlier is a difficult task. After a few days I asked her how she was progressing. Her disappointed smile said it all. __2__ If she had considered pushing the clock by 5 minutes every 10 days, shed reach her 6：30 a．m. goal in eight months. Get the idea? Now simply replace time with savings. ●Tell apart a plan from a habit. We made plans with a conscious mind, and habits are formed so that eventually they are dealt with by our subconscious mind; and they stick. So dont be in a rush to invest (投資) your money. Go with a systematic investment plan (SIP) of a mutual fund or start a recurring deposit (RD). As human beings, we want to progress. __3__ ●Get your familys support. __4__ If your daughter knows that she can only eat out one weekend a month because you are putting money away for a European trip in 2018, she will be much more cooperative and feel she is a part of the decision. ●__5__ Link your investment to a particular financial goal; your mitment to it will be stronger. A client decided to open a RD, but she seemed directionless about the investment. Once we suggested that she link it to her daughters education fund, she immediately increased the amount she was investing. When you name your investment, the goal takes on a greater meaning. A．Give you goal a meaning. B．But soon the charm dies down, and so does the enthusiasm. C．Its a good idea to involve your family in your financial plan. D．Look at them as a promise to yourself, a promise that needs to be honored. E．I suggested that she set her alarm for 5 minutes before her regular time. F．If you know this well in advance, you are less likely to buy an expensive mobile phone on an urge. G．Once a habit is formed, we want to move ahead and will most probably increase the investment amount withot any encouragement. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了如何養(yǎng)成良好的理財(cái)習(xí)慣。 1．B　空處上文提到是時(shí)候做個(gè)理財(cái)計(jì)劃了，但是很多計(jì)劃是在極度興奮的情況下做出的；空處下文提到下文是一些幫助你堅(jiān)持自己的計(jì)劃的建議。因此可知，B項(xiàng)“但是很快(計(jì)劃的)魅力逐漸消失，熱情也是如此”符合語(yǔ)境。 2．E　本句承上啟下?？涨爸v作者看到一位同事失望的表情；且根據(jù)空后的“如果她考慮每隔十天把鬧鐘提前五分鐘的話”可知，空處就是作者的建議，因此E項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 3．G　根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Tell apart a plan from a habit”可知，本段講要區(qū)分開計(jì)劃和習(xí)慣，G項(xiàng)“一旦形成一個(gè)習(xí)慣，我們就想前進(jìn)，并且不用任何鼓勵(lì)就很可能提升投資量”符合語(yǔ)境。G項(xiàng)中的“move ahead”也與空前的“progress”呼應(yīng)。 4．C　根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Get your familys support”和空后的“If your daughter knows”可推知，此處表示“讓家人加入到理財(cái)計(jì)劃中是個(gè)好主意”，故C項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 5．A　本空為段落標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文的“a particular financial goal”及所舉例子可知，有了理財(cái)目標(biāo)還不夠，需要給它一個(gè)意義。因此A項(xiàng)能夠概括該段。